1、PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY 1.People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. 人们可能会奇怪为什么用不同的词语来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和 北爱尔兰 这四个国家。 2.You can clarify this question if you study British history. 如果你研究英国的历史，你就能够弄明白这个问题。 3.First there was E
2、ngland. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. 首先是英格兰。威尔士于公元 13世纪就同英格兰联合起来了。 4. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。 5.Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to “Great Bri
3、tain“. 然后，于 17世纪英格兰、威尔士同苏格兰联合起来，名字改为 大不列颠 。 6. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. 令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆士国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家在无（军事）冲突的情况下实现了联合。 7.Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the
4、 United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. 最后在 20世纪初通过同样的和平方式，英国政府尽力把爱尔兰也纳入进来，组成了联合王国。 8.However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. 然而，爱尔兰的南部却不情愿这样并分离出去建立了自己的政府。 9.So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and
5、Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. .因此只有 北爱尔兰 同英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰联合起来组成了联合王国，这一点从新的联合王国国旗（ “联合 杰克 ”）上就可以看得出来。 10.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they
6、 still have very different institutions. 值得 称赞的是：这四个国家在一些方面（比方说在货币和国际关系上），它们的确是共同合作的，但是有些制度仍然区别很大。 11.For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup! 例如， 北爱尔兰 、英格兰和苏格兰在 教育体制 和立法体
7、制上都存在着差异，并且它们有着各自的足球队参加像世界杯之类的比赛！ 12. England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. 在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为了方便，它大致可以划分为三个地区。 13.The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands,and the one nearest to
8、Scotland is known as the North. 最靠近法国的那个地区叫做英格兰南部， 中部地区 叫英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的那个地区叫英格兰北部。 14.You find most of the population settled in the South, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. 你会发现大部分人口居住在南部，但是大部分工业城市在中部和北部。 15.Although, nationwide, these cities are not as larg
9、e as those in China, they have famous-famous football teams and some of them even have two! 虽然就全国范围来说，这些城市都不像中国的城市那样大，但是它们都有着世界闻名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个队！ 16. It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. 令人遗憾的是这些建于 19世纪的工业城市并不能吸引游客。 17.For historical archi
10、tecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. 要找历史性的建筑你得去罗马人建造的更古老的但是比较小的城镇。 18. There you will find out more about British history and culture. 在那儿你能找到更多有关 英国历史 和文化的东西。 19.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks a
11、nd buildings. 这个伟大的历史宝藏的都是伦敦以其博物馆、艺术收藏、剧院、公园和建筑。 20.It is the centre of national government and its administration. 它的中心 ,国民政府 及其管理。 21. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by
12、 later Norman rulers in 1066. 拥有最古老的港口罗马人修建的公元一世纪 ,最古老的建筑开始的盎格鲁 萨克逊人在1060s 最古老的城堡 ,由后诺曼统治者在 1066年。 22.There have been four sets of invaders of England. 已经有 4套入侵者的英格兰。 23. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their governmen
13、t The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food. 第一个入侵者 ,罗马 ,离开了他们的城镇、道路。第二 ,盎格鲁 萨克逊人 ,离开了他们的语言和他们的政府。第三 ,北欧海盗 ,影响 了词汇和地名的英格兰的北部 ,第四 ,诺曼 (左 )和引进新单词 ,城堡的食物。 24.If you look around the British countryside, you will find evidence of all these invaders. 如果你环顾了一下 ,你就会发现英国乡村的证据 ,这些入侵者。 25.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. 你必须睁大眼睛 ,如果你打算去英国令人愉快的、有价值的事情。
