1、第 2 讲 非谓语动词 1 Many Chinese brands, _ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017江苏, 21) A having developed B being developed C developed D developing 答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉,它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。 “ _their reputations over centuries” 在句中作状语,修
2、饰整个句子。句子主语 many Chinese brands 与动词 develop 之间是主动关系,且句中有延续性的时间状语 over centuries,这里应该用现在分词的完成式表示主动和延续性的动作,因此选 A。 2 Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _ their valuable time.(2017北京, 27) A save B saving C to save D saved 答案 C 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:现在许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节
3、约他们宝贵的时间。不定式 短语 to save their valuable time 在句中作目的状语。 3 The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _ from butterflies to elephants. (2017北京, 30) A ranging B range C to range D ranged 答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作定语。句意为:国家公园有一大批野生生物,从蝴蝶到大象都有。range from.to.从 到 (的范围 )。 a large collection of wildlife 与 r
4、ange 之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形式。 4 Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _ with his students.(2017北京, 32) A to spend B spend C spending D spent 答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。 time 与 spend 之间是被动关系,故此处用过去分词形式。 5 I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a
5、train _.(2017天津, 10) A catching B caught C to catch D to be caught 答案 C 解析 考查不定式作定语。句意为:整个会议期间,我一直在看时间,因为我要赶火车。结合句意可知,此处表示将要发生的动作,且 catch 与 a train 是动宾关系,故用动词不定式作定语,用主动形式表被动意义。 6 The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ more patients to be treated.(2017天津, 14) A being allowed B al
6、lowing C having allowed D allowed 答案 B 解析 考查现在分词短语作结果状语。句意为:医院最近获得了新的医疗设备,从而使更多的病人能够得到治疗。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语,故选 B项 。 7 In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _ within the work. (2016江苏, 28) A to hide B hidden C hiding D being hidden 答案 B 解析 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意为:在艺术评论中,你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信
7、息在作品中。句中 message 与 hide 是被动关系,故要用过去分词作后置定语。 8 _ it easier to get in touch with us, you d better keep this card at hand.(2016北京, 26) A Made B Make C Making D To make 答案 D 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:为了更容易地和我们取得联系,你最好把这张名片卡放在手边。由本句话的后半句可知, make 的逻辑主语为 you, you 与 make 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,结合句意可知,非谓语动词在这里作目的状语,故选 D。 9 _ o
8、ver a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016北京, 28) A Ordering B To order C Having ordered D Ordered 答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作状语。句意为:那些书一周前已经预定了,现在有望随时到货。 order 与其逻辑主语 the books 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故选 D。 10 The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, _ air conditioning unnecessary.(20
9、16天津, 4) A making B to make C made D being made 答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作结果状语。句意为:凉爽的风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来,没有必要吹空调了。题中 swept 是谓语动词,所以 make 只能用非谓语动词形式;句子主语 the cooling wind 与 make 是主动关系,故用现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。 11 To return to the problem of water pollution, I d like you to look at a study _ in Australia in 2012.(2016
10、浙江, 10) A having conducted B to be conducted C conducting D conducted 答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为:为了再讨论一下水污染的问题,我想让大家看一项 2012 年在澳大利亚进行的研究。分析句子成分可知,句中没有连词,所以空处用非谓语动词,且 a study 和 conduct 构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。 12 I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_with students.(2016浙江, 19) A working B work
11、C to work D worked 答案 A 解析 考查现在分词作补足语。句意为:航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。题干中的 do 指代前面的 have fun, have fun doing sth.做某事很开心 ,是固定搭配,故选 A。 13 Much time _ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015江苏, 24) A being spent B having spent C spent D spending 答案 C 解析 考查独立主格结构。句意为
12、:长时间坐在办公桌前,办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。 time 与 spend 之间构成被动关系,故用过去分词形式。 14 _ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015天津, 8) A To work B Worked C To be working D Having worked 答案 D 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:工作了两天后,史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。 work与其逻辑主语 Steve 之间为主谓关系,故要用现在分词形式;同时 work 的动作发生在谓语动作 managed to f
13、inish 之前,故要用完成时。 15 When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _ whether to stay or leave.(2015湖南, 30) A wondering B wonder C to wonder D wondered 答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:那名店员看到一张友善的脸,脸上因歉意的微笑布满了皱纹,这时她愣在了那里,琢磨着是走 还是留。句子的主语 she 与 wonder 之间是主动关系,且 w
14、onder 与主句动作 stood 是同时发生的,故用现在分词作伴随状语。 16 Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students_ what is bothering them. (2015湖南, 34) A to talk over B talked over C talk over D having talked over 答案 A 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为: 有时对我的同学来说我充当了听众的角色,以便与他们详细聊一聊正在困扰他们的事情。本句用动词不定式作目的状语。 17 Like ancient sailors, b
15、irds can find their way _ the sun and the stars.(2015重庆, 11) A used B having used C using D use 答案 C 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:就像古时候的水手一样,鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境, use 与其逻辑主语 birds 之间为主动关系,且 use 表示的动作与主句谓语动作 find 同时发生。故用 v.-ing 形式的一般式。 18 Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _ live is quit
16、e another. (2015浙江, 18) A perform B performing C to perform D being performed 答案 D 解析 考查现在分词作补足语。句意为:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听正在被演奏 的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有 “ hear宾语宾语补足语 ” 结构,宾语 it(指代 music)与perform 之间存在被动关系,且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐,故应用 being performed作宾语补足语。 19 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr Lee was
17、very happy to see his mother_ good care of at home.(2015陕西, 18) A taking B taken C take D be taken 答案 B 解析 考查过去分词作补足语。句意为:李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务,回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。此处是 “ see宾语宾语补足语 ” 结构,宾语补足语可以是 do, doing 或者 done。若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作发生的全过程,用省略 to 的动词不定式,即 do;若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作正在进行,用doing;若宾语与补语之间是被动关系
18、,用过去分词作宾补。此处 his mother 与 take good care of 之间是被动关系,故选 B项。 20 _the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015安徽, 27) A Ignore B Ignoring C Ignored D Having ignored 答案 B 解析 考查现在分词短语作主语。句意为:忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。从 will be one of the worst mistakes
19、 you make 来看, will 的前面部分是主语,因此用 v.-ing 短语作主语。分词的完成式不能作主语。 一、常考考点 1 在 “ 句子,非句子 ” 结构中,非句子部分用非谓语 The teacher devoted his life to his career, making most of his students successful in study. 这位老师把他的一生都奉献给了他的事业 , 使他的大部分学生在学习上取得了成功 。 2 在 “ 非句子,句子 ” 结构中,非句子部分用非谓语 Having worked with children, I know what is
20、 needed most. 和孩子一起工作后 , 我知道什么是最需要的 。 3 在 “ with宾语宾语补足语 ” 结构中,宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词 With her baby sleeping on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich man s house. 这位妇女在打扫富人的房子 , 她的孩子正睡在她的背上 。 4 在 drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear.等使役动词或感官动词后面作宾语补足语时,也可能用非谓语动词 His sister was made to cry by his t
21、aking away her toy. 他拿走了妹妹的玩具 , 把妹妹弄哭了 。 二、易错点梳理 1 表面上考分词,实际上考形容词的情况 The man won a big prize, surprised and happy. 他中了大奖 , 又惊喜又快乐 。 句中 surprised 形式上是过去分词 , 但已转化为形容词 , 在句中作状语 (或主语补足语 )。 2 在 “ 被动形式表主动 ” 情况中出题 Dressed in a white skirt, the girl looks like an angel. 穿着白色裙子 , 这个女孩看上去像天使 。 dressed 是过去分词 ,
22、 但它没有被动的意思 , 而表示 “ 穿着 ” 这一主动意义 。 3 在 “ 主动形式表被动 ” 的情况中出题 Looking tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see a doctor. 这位妇女看起来又累又虚弱 , 她应该请一天假去看医生 。 look 在本题中为感官动词 , 感官动词在非谓语中用主动表被动 。 4 从 “ 主语一致或主语不一致 ” 角度出题 用逗号隔开的前后两部分的逻辑主语有时一致 , 有时不一致 。 逻辑主语不一致时 , 非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语 , 从而构成 “ 分词的独立主格结构 ” 。 See
23、n from this angle, the mountain looks like a face of a man. 从这个角度看 , 这座山看起来像一个人的脸 。 Time permitting, I ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 时间允许的话 , 明天下午我就和你一起去那里 。 5 在 “ and/or/but句子 ” 的并列句结构中,可能会考查 “ 以动词原形开头 ” 的祈使句,四个选项表面上像非谓语,其实考查的是谓语。 Study hard or you will fail in the exam. 努力学习 , 否则你会考试不及格
24、的 。 1 Many natural disasters took place across the country, _ severe losses on people s life and property.(2017南通一模, 28) A to have brought B only bringing C only to bring D having brought 答案 B 解析 句意为:很多自然灾害发生在全国各地,结果给人们的生命和财产带来了严重的损失。根据语境可知,设空处应为结果状语。 only to do 作结果状语时,表示出乎意料的结果,不符合本题语境;自然灾害的发生造成生命财
25、产的损失是自然而然的结果,应用现在分词,故选B项。 2 “ President Xi and Saudi Arabian King s talks, ” the spokesman continued, “ _ to several hot issues, witness the friendship of the two countries.” (2017华庚中学测试, 31) A refer B referring C having referred D referred 答案 B 解析 句意为:发言人继续说道, “ 习主席和沙特阿拉伯国王提及几个热点问题的会谈见证了两国的友谊。 ” 根据
26、语境和句子结构可知,此处应 是非谓语动词作定语修饰 talks, talks与 refer to.之间存在主动关系,用现在分词作定语,故选 B项。 3 The Three-Body Problem has quickly become the best-selling Asian work of literature on A, _ that China also has a successful science fiction scene. (2017宿迁青华中学月考, 29) A proving B to prove C to be proved D will prove 答案 A 解析
27、句意为:三体迅速成为亚马逊网站上最畅销的亚洲文学作品,这证明中国也有成功的科幻小说。 proving that.是现在分词短语作结果状语,其逻辑主语是前面的整个句子。故选 A。 4 To the couple s great surprise, the house was in a mess as if _. (2017南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模, 23) A breaking into B having broken into C broken into D being broken into 答案 C 解析 句意为:令这对夫妇非常吃惊的是,屋子里一片狼藉,仿佛被强行闯入过。分析句子成分可知
28、,主语 the house 与 break into 之间为被动关系,即 the house was in a mess as if (it was) broken into,故选 C 项。 5 What s the matter with Tim? Oh, Tim s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _ again. (2017宿迁青华中学月考, 24) A to find B to be found C finding D being found 答案 B 解析 句意为: Tim 怎么了? 噢,他的手机不小心忘在出租车上,
29、再也找不回来了。Tim s cell phone 和 find 之间是被动关系,且 find 的动作在谓语动词动作之后,故用动词不定式的一般被动式,故答案为 B。 6 In a diverse society, one would expect _ multiple interpretations of rights. (2017启东中学月考, 32) A it being B it to be C there being D there to be 答案 D 解析 句意为:在一个多样化的社会,一个人总是期望对于权利有多种解释。此处考查的是expect 一词的非谓语动词用法,即 sb.expe
30、ct sb.to do sth.以及其与 there be 句式的混合考法,即生成 expect there to be 的复合结构。故选 D 项。 7 The water was now two feet deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, _ the car out.(2017南京九中模拟, 22) A getting B got C to get D get 答案 C 解析 句意为:水现在有两英尺深,即使有可能,也很难把汽车弄出来。动词不定式作真正的宾语, it 是形式宾语, difficult 是补足语,故答案为 C。 8 Ada
31、pted versions of foreign shows have gained massive audiences, thus _ more Chinese television groups to buy foreign materials.(2017南京学情调研, 28) A to inspire B inspiring C inspired D having inspired 答案 B 解析 句意为:根据外国的节目改编的版本获得了大量的观众,从而激励更多的中国电视集团购买国外的素材。分析句子成分可知,逗号 前面为主句,其后为非谓语动词作结果状语。结合句意以及 thus 可知空格处表
32、示自然而然的结果,故选 B项。 9 The white building, _ threats to pull it down, is now a private house in the possession of a retired professor.(2017南通如皋联考, 11) A to survive B survived C surviving D having survived 答案 D 解析 句意为: 在险些被拆除后,那栋白色建筑现在是一位退休教授的私人房屋。根据句意可知,空格处为非谓语动词作时间状语。 the white building 与 survive 之间应为主动
33、关系且survive 先于句子谓语动作发生,故用现在分词的完成式作状语,相当于 after 引导的时间状语从句,故选 D 项。 10 Most of the money for the reconstruction of the quake-stricken town has been allocated by the government, the rest _ from the coming charity concerts. (2017南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模, 31) A to be collected B having been collected C being collecte
34、d D to have been collected 答案 A 解析 句意为:大多数重建那个遭受地震破坏的城镇的钱已由政府募集,余下的将来自即将到来的慈善音乐会的募捐。根据句子结构可知,逗号后不能构成句子,应用独立主格结构。the rest 与 collect 之间存在被动关系;根据 the coming charity concerts 可知,余下的钱将通过音乐会被募捐,应用动词不定式的被动结构,故选 A项。 11 Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices _ in the world
35、.(2017镇江期末, 28) A heard B having heard C hearing D to be heard 答案 A 解析 句意为: 女性值得被有尊严地对待,她们应该让她们的呼声被世界听到。根据句子结构可知,空格处为宾补, make 后常用不带 to 的不定式作宾补,排除 D 项;宾语 voices 与 hear之间为被动关系,应用过去分词 heard,故选 A项。 12 A wise mother will never get herself into the state of her children _ to the slightest possibility of d
36、anger.(2017泰州中学摸底考试, 26) A exposed B exposing C being exposed D to be exposed 答案 C 解析 句意为:明智的母亲决不会让她的孩子置身于一丁点儿危险之中。介词 of 后跟动名词作宾语, her children 是动名词的逻辑主语,且 her children 和 expose 之间是被动关系,故用动名词的被动式,所以正确答案为 C。 13 Laughter produces short-term changes in the function of the heart and blood circulation,_ heart rate and oxygen consumption.(2017南京三模, 25)