1、 时间名词前所用介词的速记歌 年月周前要用 in,日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用 on,上午下午又是 in。 要说某日上下午,用 on 换 in 才能行。 午夜黄昏须用 at,黎明用它也不错。 at也用在明分前,说 “ 差 ” 可要用上 to, 说 “ 过 ” 只可使用 past,多说多练牢牢记, 莫让岁月空蹉跎。 下面就时间概念的介词用法做一简要介绍和比较。 1 at 表示时 间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。 at 1: 00( dawn, midnight, noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午) these are our chief tasks at the presen
2、t stage这些就是我们现阶段的主要任务。 2 on 1)表示具体日期。 they arrived in shanghai on may 25他们在五月二十五日到达上海。 注:( 1)关于 “在周末 “的几种表示法: at( on) the weekend 在周末 -特指 at( on) weekends 在周末 -泛指 over the weekend 在整个周末 during the weekend 在周末期间 ( 2)在圣诞节,应说 “at Christmas 而不说 “on Christmas 2)在(刚 )的时候。 on reaching the city he called up
3、 his parents一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。 3 in 1)表示 “时段 “、 “时期 “,在多数情况下可以和 dur- ing 互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in( during) 1988( December, the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪) i returned to Beijing in the middle of June我是六月中回北京的。 但如果表示 “在某项活动的期间 “,则只能用 during。 during my military service( the trip)在我服役期间(在旅行期间) 2)表示以说话时间为基点的
4、 “(若 干时间)以后 “,常用作将来时态谓语的时间状语。如这时要表示 “(若干时间)内 “,常用 within。比较: the meeting will end in 30 minutes(三十分钟后)会议三十分钟后结束。 can you finish it within 30 minutes?(三十分钟内)你能在三十分钟之内完成这件事吗? 但在过去时态中, in 可用于表 “在若干时间以内 “,这时不要误用 during。 the job was done during a week( wrong) the job was done in a week( right)这工作在一星期内就完成
5、了。 4 after 表示 “在(某具体时间)以后 “,注意不要和 in 的 2)意混淆。 after supper( 8 o clock, the war)晚饭(八点、战)后 比较: he will be back in two hours他将在两个小时以后回来。 he returned to his hometown after the war战后他回到了故乡。 5 for表示 “(动作延续)若干时间 “,有时可省略。 i stayed in london( for) two days on my way to new york在去纽约的途中,我在伦敦呆了两天。 6 since 表示 “自
6、(某具体时间)以来 “,常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语。 since liberation( 1980)自从解放( 1980 年)以来 they have been close friends since childhood他们从小就是好朋友。 注: ( 1) since the war 是指 “自从战争结束以来 “,若指 “自从战争开始以来 “,须说 “since the beginning of the war“。 ( 2)不要将 since 与 after 混淆。 比较: he has worked here since 1965(指一段时间,强调时间段)自从 1965 年以来,他一直在这
7、儿工作。 he began to work here after 1965(指一点时间,强调时间点)从 1965 年以后,他开始在这儿工作。 7 by 表示 “到 的时候 “,其谓语时态的用法:动作动词常用完成时态;状态动词( be)常用一般时态 。 比较: by noon, everybody had( will have) arrived there by noon, everybody were( will be) there 到中午的时候,大家都(将)到那儿了。 以上探讨了介词表示时间概念时的用法和比较,上述介词除表示时间概念外还有其他的用法,英语学习者必须掌握其各种用法,才能灵活运用
8、,提高自己的语言能力。 小学英语语法复习要点(一) 一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下,直接加 -s,如: book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加 -es,如: bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾,变 y为 i, 再加 -es,如: family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以 “f 或 fe” 结尾,变 f或 fe 为 v, 再加 -es,如: knife-knives 5
9、不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry
10、 _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_ 二、一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍 【 No. 1】一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如: The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如: I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如: The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成 1. be 动词:主语 +be(am,is
11、,are)+其它。如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词:主语 +行为动词 (+其它 )。如: We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数 (he, she,it)时,要在动词后加 “-s“或 “-es“。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时的变化 1. be 动词的变化。 否定句:主语 + be + not +其它。 如: He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句: Be +主语 +其它。 如: -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑
12、问句:疑问词 +一般疑问句。如: Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句:主语 + dont( doesnt ) +动词原形 (+其它 )。如: I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 doesnt 构成否定句。如: He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句: Do( Does ) +主语 +动词原形 +其它。如: - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如: - Does she go to wo
13、rk by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 +一般疑问句。如: How does your father go to work? 动词 +s 的变化规则 1一般情况下,直接加 -s,如: cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加 -es,如: guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾,变 y为 i, 再加 -es,如: study-studies 一般现在时用法专练 : 一、 写出
14、下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like)
15、 the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby.
16、 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this
17、term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday. 三、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句 ) _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答 ) _ _ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答 ) _ _ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答 ) _ _ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句 ) _ 6.
18、He speaks English very well.(改为否定句 ) _ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问 ) _ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问 ) _ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答 ) _ _ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句 ) _ 五、改错 (划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上 ) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does
19、 he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Su ndays. _ 三、现在进行时 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词 ing. 3现在进行时的否定句在 be 后加 not。 4现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。 5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为: 疑问词不达意 + be
20、 + 主语 + 动词 ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词不达意 + be + 动词 ing? 动词加 ing 的变化规则 1一 般情况下,直接加 ing,如: cook-cooking 2以不发音的 e结尾,去 e加 ing,如: make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 ing,如: run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习: 一、写出下列动词的现在分词: play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ s
21、ing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所给 的动词的正确形式填空: 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .
22、 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have )supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换: 1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句 ) _ _ 2 The students
23、 are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答 ) _ 3 Im playing the football in the playground .( 对划线部分进行提问 ) _ 4 Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问 ) _ 四、将来时理论及练习 一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语: tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本
24、结构: be going to + do ; will+ do. 三、否定句:在 be 动词( am, is, are) l后加 not 或情态动词 will 后加 not成 wont 。 例如: Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句: be 或 will 提到句首, some 改为 any, and 改为 or,第一二人称互换。 例如: We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are yo
25、u going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。 Who 例如: Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。 What do. 例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。 When.例如
26、: Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 六、同义句: be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天) . = I will go swimming tomorrow. 填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛 ? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Mon
27、day? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet? 改句子。 5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定) Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. Ill
28、 go and join them. (改否定) I _ go _ join them. 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow. (改一般疑问句) _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句) _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问) _ _ she _ _ _ after school? 1
29、0. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上 ) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is ra
30、in. He _ (go) to school by bike. 14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects. 16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday?
31、 I _ (milk) cows. 17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20. I _ (plan) for my study now. 五、一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2 Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: am 和 is 在一般过
32、去时中变为 was。( was not=wasnt ) are 在一般过去时中变为 were。( were not=werent ) 带有 was 或 were 的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样,即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not,一般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。 3句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句: didnt + 动词原形,如: Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加 did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如: Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句: 疑问词
33、 +did+主语 +动词原形? 如: What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词 +动词过去式? 如: Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则: 1一般在动词末尾加 -ed,如: pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是 e加 d,如: taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 -ed,如: stop-stopped 4以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的,变 y为 i, 再加 -ed,如: study-studied 过去时练习 写出下列动词的过去
34、式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ Be动词的过去时练习( 1) 一、 用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ el
35、even years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening. 二、 句型转换 1. It was exciting. 否定句: _ 一般疑问句: _ 肯、否定回答: _ 2. All the students were very excited. 否定句: _ 一般疑问句: _ 肯、否定回答: _ 3. They were
36、 in his pocket. 否定句: _ 一般疑问句: _ 肯、否定回答: _ Be动词的过去时练习( 2) 一、用 be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. Ther
37、e _ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited. 二、句型转换 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句: _ 一般疑问句: _ 肯、否定回答: _ 肯、否定回答: _ 三、 中译英 1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。 _ 2他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。 _ 3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟 。 _ 行为动词的过去时练习( 1) 一、用行为动词的适当形式填空 1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _ (have) a par