1、星期 3 Wednesday 3 步解题法根据听力会话题的题型特征：考生事先可以看到卷面上的 5 个试题，正式会话之前录音中会有一段答题指令等，我们将会话题的应对方法分为三个步骤进行。今日讲堂一、听前预测预测是听力应试中一项十分重要的技巧。预测即根据试题的提示语、题干及选项等给出的信息，判断可能听到的内容和答案性质。考生在听到录音前，可迅速浏览出现在考卷上的几个选择项。通过浏览，基本可预测到所听内容的重点。预测的时候可以注意以下几点：1关键词重复预测会话主题将各题所考查的主题内容结合在一起，往往可以得出整篇对话的主题。此外，将所有试题及选项中的关键词摘录，也可以猜测到会话的主题。【例 1】 （
2、2010 年）【试题扫描】1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA merging of different cultural identities.B more emphasis on homogeneity.C embracing of more ethnic differences.D acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements is CORRECT?A Some pl
3、aces are more diverse than others.B Towns are less diverse than large cities.C Diversity can be seen everywhere.D American is a truly diverse country.【预测信息】浏览各题干可知，采访对象是 Dr Johnson。根据第 1 题的 diversity 以及第 2 题选项中的关键词 diverse 可以预测，采访过程中 Dr Johnson 谈到了多样化或差异的含义。【听音验证】M: Yes, of course. You see today we
4、use the word “diversity” to refer to more visible ethnic differences Asian American, African American and Latino, for instance.M: Well, I think, in all this talk of diversity, there is a critical point that may be missed. That is, diversity is not occurring everywhere in the U.S., or at least not to
5、 a degree that would alter the demography of every region in the country.2由选项关键词锁定听音重点如果选项中含有 think, like, dislike, enjoy, agree, disagree, mind 等一类的词语，听力材料或问题很可能是关于对某人或某事物的评价或感受，那么在听音时就应该抓住相应的信息点。选项均以原形动词开头，问题大多是关于建议某人做某事，有时也表示为了某种目的要做某事。问题如果是关于正在进行的动作或者计划打算，听音时就应该锁定表示行动的词。【例 2】 （05-4）【扫描选项】 【预测信息】
6、4. Professor McKay is _ towards the tendency of more parents living apart from their children.A negativeB positiveC ambiguousD neutral根据题干信息以及选项中表示态度的用词，锁定教授关于很多父母不和孩子住在一起的态度为听音重点。【听音验证】M: Is this a good thing, do you think?W: I think that its an excellent arrangement. We all like to keep part of ou
7、r lives private, even from those we love dearly. I certainly dont think that its a sign of the increased loneliness of old age.【答案解析】某人的观点态度可通过其所用词语的褒贬来体现。只要捕捉到 excellent 一词，就可确定教授的肯定态度。很明显，答案为B。3利用选项特征排除干扰预测时还要注意会话试题中很多选项都有比较明显的特点。正确的选项必须是“符合常理的” ， “合乎逻辑的”和“积极向上的” ；那么干扰项（非正确选项）就难免要“胡说八道”或者“张冠李戴” 。我
8、们可以通过对选项的分析，排除一些比较明显的干扰性，缩小听音范围，从而在听音时更有针对性。【例 3】 （08-3）【扫描选项】3. Freddy has cited the following advantages for a new airport EXCEPTA more job opportunities.B vitality to the local economy.C road construction. D presence of aircrew in the area.【预测信息】本题考查男士认为修建新机场的好处，D明显不符合常理，故有可能为答案。【听音验证】M: But er,
9、airports do bring some local advantages. They bring roads, there is obviously extra employment, for instance, new hotels, shops, restaurants will have to be built. This means more jobs for the locals, and it is good for local economy.【答案解析】选D。男士在反驳女士时，指出了修建新机场的可能带来的益处：道路等基础设施的建设、更多的就业机会、促进当地经济的发展，分别
10、与C、A、B的内容相对应，只有D“本地区出现飞机上的全体机组人员”未提及，故为答案。二、听中注意在听的过程中，考生再根据采访者所提出的问题，对选择项进行逐一审核判断，答案便不难做出。一般说来，选择项都是按照采访者提问的顺序安排的，这样较有利于考生快速准确答题。如何能在如此短的时间内充分理解文章所表达的内容，关键就是要听懂这段对话讲的是什么。对话往往是一问一答，要特别注意所提的问题，根据问题再仔细听被问者是如何回答的。归结为一句话：抓谈话中心内容，主要围绕所谈话题展开；抓对话中心内容，则主要看问者的核心问题及答者的回答。另外，要注意手记和脑记相结合；一定要边听边看题目和四个选择项。很多情况下，在
11、听的过程中答案就已经出来了，不妨当即标明答案。【例 4】 （09-3）【试题】3. Toastmasters general approach to training can be summarized asA practice plus overall training.B practice plus lectures.C practice plus voice training.D practice plus speech writing.【听力原文】M: Then, how does Toastmasters train people?W: Toastmasters has an app
12、roach of learning by doing. These speeches cater to different purposes, for example, one objective might be to develop vocal variety; another might be to organize your thoughts, or develop your use of humor in speeches.【分析】四个选项都含有共同信息 practice plus，但到底是实战加什么样的培训方法呢，很难在听音前预测到，只能在听中注意。当听到男士的提问 how doe
13、s Toastmasters train people，弦马上绷紧，接下来女士的回答就是答案所在。听到 learning by doing 后，捕捉到选项中后面的关键内容很快就要揭晓。当听到 different purposes 后，即使 for example 后举例的内容没有听清，也很容易得出答案为 A。三、听后慎答听后要利用瞬时记忆和听时的笔录整理所听到的内容，根据书面的问题适当作答或检查答案。如果有可能，还要根据得到的书面提示，猜想一下没有完全听懂的部分，不能轻易放弃。同时，也要注意，对话题选项干扰性很大，如果确实没有听懂会话内容，任何一个选项都可能是陷阱，一定不要通过听到的不完整信息
14、随便做答。【例 5】 （09-1）【试题】1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A Toastmasters was originally set up to train speaking skills.B Toastmasters only accepts prospective professional speakers.C Toastmasters accepts members from the general public.D Toastmasters is an exclusive club for professional
15、 speakers.【听力原文】W: Im delighted to have that opportunity. Toastmasters is an international organization, designed to develop effective speaking and listening skills.W: Toastmasters is open to the public at large. Any individual who wishes to improve his public speaking is welcomed. And also, those w
16、ho just want to increase their overall self-confidence are encouraged to attend.【分析】A的干扰性较大，有可能在开始听到 develop effective speaking and listening skills后就直接选出答案。但原文中提到该机构既能有效提高人们的说话技能，又能提高听话的技能，故A不正确。女士明确提到 Toastmasters 对所有公众开放，欢迎任何一个想要提高演讲能力的人加入。因此，C为答案。今日练习Interview 11. What does the woman think is th
17、e most important concern people should have?A Peoples attitude.B Their involvement.C A good intention.D Causes of global warming.2. How does she recommend to get started when there is so much to do?A To choose one thing to do a week.B To start saving money.C To join a local environmental protection
18、organization.D To promote environmental protection awareness.3. The woman does all the following to reduce the amount of waste EXCEPTA saving as much running water as she can.B not buying over-packaged products.C not taking motor vehicles.D making Christmas cards herself.4. According to the woman, w
19、here can one get more information about the environment?A Form parents.B In the library.C From lectures.D From environmentalists.5. What does the man find particularly approving of what the woman said?A Bringing global problems to personal level.B Evidence of peoples concern about the environment.C
20、What politicians will do in the next decade.D How one family helps the environment.Interview 21. For an application to be processed, it may NOT takeA half a year.B one year.C two years.D three years.2. How many people is Canada accepting every year?A 250,000.B 215,000.C 450,000.D 500,000.3. Which of
21、 the following is INCORRECT about “landed immigrants”?A They have got permanent residence.B They have all the same rights as Canadian citizens.C They have to keep off crime.D They can lose this status if leaving Canada for more than half a year.4. The Canadian citizens _ have dual citizenship.A coul
22、dB couldntC are under certain restrictions toD are easy to 5. Canada will NOT accept a refugee if hes under persecution because ofA destructive belief.B political dissent.C personal background.D racial problems.答疑解惑Interview 1【听前预测】浏览各题的题干和选项，由关键词 concern，recommend，environmental protection，reduce，wa
23、ste 可以推测，该篇对话与环境保护、能源节约有关，其中提及录音中女士的一些看法和建议等。【听力原文】M: Joining us today is Joanne Mills, a Canadian journalist who writes a popular column on the environment. Joanne, how did you first become involved with environmental causes?W: Oh, what a good question. Its not a fast question. Its a long answer. I
24、t really goes back to, I guess all the way back to when I was a little girl and Ive always loved nature. Ah, when I was growing up, I had just about every imaginable house pet that you could think of, and much to my mothers chagrin, many of them got out and ran around the home. And over the years I
25、loved to be in nature. And over the years I continued to notice changes in the places that I loved. Ah, I started swimming in lakes that werent as clean as they used to be. I started seeing less animals than I was used to seeing. I noticed changes over the years and I continued, as most people do, t
26、o hear about things like ozone depletion, and water pollution, and air pollution feeling very sad to hear that and yet not doing very much about it. Ah, and then one day my children came home from school talking very excitedly about a Canadian naturalist. I had an opportunity to hear him speak to th
27、e parents of our school several weeks later. And what he said really changed my life, because he brought so many of the global problems were facing down on a personal level. He made me see the connection between driving my car and air pollution, between using aerosol cans and ozone depletion, betwee
28、n the cleaners I was using in my home and water pollution. And I felt it was really time that I do something about it.M: What are the main things that we should be concerned about?W: 1.AI think the most important thing we should be concerned about right now is our attitude, because unless we change
29、our attitude, the attitude that says its someone elses problem, its not my problem unless it becomes a personal problem for each and every one of us the things that we have to do to correct it are never going to start taking place.M: How do we keep people from becoming discouraged about the future,
30、then?W: I think the best way to do that is to get involved. As long as you sit there and you think of all the negative things, youre.youre never going to start moving. What you have to do is to make yourself get up, pick one thing, and do it. One of the.the mental blocks towards getting involved in
31、the environment is the thought that everything you have to do is so huge, its so overwhelming, that the problems are so immense that you cant possibly make a difference as one person. And yet the simple act of recycling an aluminum can, walking perhaps to the store or a short trip instead of taking
32、the car, urn.planting a few vegetables in your garden. Each and every one of those very small acts contributes to the acts that hundreds of thousands of other people are doing, and they do make a difference. But you have to decide: Im gonna do one thing. 2.AAnd a lot of environmental.environmentalis
33、ts recommend that you choose one thing a week to try and do. Preferably, then you get down to one a day. Whether thats picking up a piece of trash on the road as youre walking along, going out and feeding some birds, turning the tap off when you brush your teeth, or getting involved in a community p
34、rogramme for environmental protection. As long as you do one thing a day and you keep doing it and adding to it, well all get there.M: What evidence do you see that people are becoming more aware, and changing their habits?W: I.I see a massive change. Uh, four years ago let me put it this way, and t
35、heres a lot of examples four years ago, when I walked into a bookstore looking for a book telling me how I could help the environment, things that I could do in my own home, in my life to help, there wasnt one book on the shelf. Not one book that I could find. Now, I have a bookcase in my office tha
36、t is two rows thick and eight shelves high of books. The wealth of information that has become available to the public is a.is a very good indicator of the interest thats out there by the public to get involved. Uh.things such as recycling programmes that are starting up or have started up all acros
37、s the country with phenomenal participation., uh.rates by the citizens are another very, very good indicator.M: What are some things that you and your family do to help the environment?W: (big laugh) 3.AWe turn the tap off every opportunity we can, we have water conservation devices on all the taps
38、and all the toilets and all the shower heads. We compost all of our food waste. I have three outdoor composting bins as well as an indoor bin that uses worms. Um.we recycle, but even more than that, I try to reduce the amount of garbage I create by watching what I buy in the first place. 3.BI dont b
39、uy overpackaged products. I have a bit of a battle going with my eldest daughter who wants me to buy all sorts of convenience foods for her lunch at high school and I wont do it. Um.I ask her to bring her bags back and we reuse the bags. We dont use pesticides. We dont use any toxins, either in the
40、house or out in the yard. 3.CWe all use our bikes and walk as much as we can. There are hundreds and hundreds of things.M: Youre terrific.4.BWhat can you suggest for people who want to do something, but just dont know where to start?W: Go to the library. Uh.there are several books. The first one I w
41、ould recommend 5.Aits a book which recommends.which not only goes through the problems, but then talks about all sorts of products and activities and things people can do to help solve, or at least get involved in the problems. And then I think what they have to do is trust their own common sense. C
42、ommon sense says that you dont leave water running if you dont need to, that you dont need lights running if you dont need to or if youre not in the room. Exercise is good for your body, so if you can walk and dont use a car or pollute the air, its great.M: 5.ASome great ideas, Joanne. Thank you so
43、much for joining us today.W: Thank you.【答案解析】1. 选A。细节题。录音中女士说她认为现在我们最应该关注的是我们的态度，因为除非我们改变态度，改变那种推卸责任的态度，让它变为每个人的责任，否则永远也做不出任何努力。因此答案为A 。2. 选A。细节题。听音时注意捕捉女士的建议。录音中女士说许多环境专家建议一周选择一件事去尝试，去做，然后每天再做进一步的要求，同时这也是女士的建议，因此答案为A。3. 选D。细节题。女士在列举家人在节约能源、保护环境方面做出的努力时提到，他们一有机会就把水龙头关掉，在水龙头、厕所、淋浴喷头上都安装节约设备；买东西时都在想着减
44、少垃圾数量，以至于不买包装过度的产品；不使用杀虫剂和毒素；尽量使用自行车和步行，等等。因此选项中只有D “ 自己制作圣诞节贺卡”未提及，为答案。4. 选B 。细节题。当男士问女士给那些想做些什么但不知从何开始的人们什么建议时，女士说去图书馆，去那参考几本书。因此答案为B。5. 选A。推断题。录音中女士建议人们去图书馆，介绍第一本书时说到，这本书不仅提到许多环境问题，还讨论了许多人们可以做的事情来帮助解决环境问题，或者至少可以参与进来，后面详细说明了一些具体的做法。再说完这些后，男士说是很不错的想法，可见是很赞同的，因此答案应是A “ 把全球问题带到个人层面上来”，即从自我做起。Intervie
45、w 2【听前预测】浏览各题的题干和选项，由关键词 application，accepting，landed immigrants，dual citizenship，refugee 可以推测，该篇对话与加拿大的一些移民政策和规定有关，其中涉及移民申请所需时间、每年接收的人数、 “落地移民”和双重公民身份相关政策，以及接收难民的条件等。【听力原文】W: Joining us today is Richard Goldman, a lawyer specializing in immigration law. Mr. Goldman, how does one go about immigratin
46、g to Canada?M: In order to immigrate to Canada, a person has to make an application at a Canadian embassy or consulate outside of Canada, and 1it generally takes a minimum of one year for an application to be processed. In some cases, it can take up two or three years to get an answer.W: Really? How
47、 many people immigrate to Canada each year?M: 2.ATheres about 250,000 people who are accepted to immigrate to Canada every year.W: Who has the best chance of being accepted as an immigrant?M: When the Canadian government selects immigrants, it gives priority to people who have close relatives in Can
48、ada, especially members of the immediate family. These Canadian relatives can sponsor the immigrants to come to Canada. And what this means is that the Canadian relatives take responsibility for the immigrants expenses in Canada for a period of up to ten years. Now, aside from people with relatives in Canada, the Canadian government favours immigrants with job skills that are in demand in Canada or people who will invest sums of money to create employment in Canada. W: Now, if a Canadian marries a person from another country, does the spouse automatically qualify to immigrate to Canada?M: W
