1、六级翻译强化提高班菜鸟课程主讲：董仲蠡欢迎使用菜鸟课程电子讲义出题形式 关于大学英语四、六级考试题型调整的说明原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为 140-160 个汉字；六级长度为 180-200 个汉字。-全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会 2013 年 8 月 14 日 翻译？ Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor. Columbia Encyclopedia翻译本身一种错误？ T
2、ranslation is like dancing with chains.Translation is like a girl, the more beautiful, the more unfaithful.Translation is the art of failure. 四六级翻译评分标准 分数档 标准特征 符合定义 13-15 译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。 雅10-12 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。 达 7-9 译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。 信大师如
3、何说翻译？译事三难：信、达、雅。-严复 The standard of true;The standard fluent; The standard of beauty.-林语堂翻译本天成，妙手偶得之STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and dispositi
4、on of business. -Francis Bacon 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中，其长才也，最见于处事判事之际。王佐良 译 Able was I ere I saw Elba.我在到俄尔巴岛之前是有能力的。在我看到 Elba 岛之前，我曾所向无敌。 不到俄岛我不倒。 弱至孤岛孤至弱。孤至厄岛厄至孤。困遇孤岛孤遇困。若非孤岛孤非若（弱）。落败孤岛孤败落。Nobody grows merely by the number of years; we grow old by deserting our ideals. 年年有加，
5、并非垂老；理想丢弃，方至暮年。 Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. 岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓唐必至灵魂。 -王佐良 译 Youth 翻译本天成，妙手偶得之Never mind, Ill find someone like you.毋须烦恼，终有弱水替沧海。I wish nothing but the best, for you too.抛却纠缠，再把相思寄巫山。 -Adele Adkins Someone like you If I should meet thee, af
6、ter long years.How should I greet thee, with silence and tears.- George Gordon Byran 异化（foreignization ）翻译： 多年后，如果我们相逢。 我将以何来面汝，以沉默以眼泪。 归化（domestication）翻译： 多年惜别后，抑或再相逢。 相逢何所语？泪流默无声。 归化： 三国演义二十一回：操曰：“龙能大能小，能升能隐；大则兴云吐雾，小则隐介藏形；升则飞腾于宇宙之间，隐则潜伏于波涛之内。” A dragon can assume any size, can rise in glory or hi
7、de from sight. Bulky, it generates clouds and evolves mist; attenuated, it can scarcely hide a mustard stalk or conceal a shadow. Mounting, it can soar to the empyrean; subsiding, it lurks in the uttermost depths of the ocean. 巧妇难为无米之炊。 Even the cleverest housewife cant cook a meal without rice. Eve
8、n the cleverest housewife cant make bread without flour.尴尬的翻译 人之初：At the beginning of life. (白话文：生命的起初) 性本善：Sex is good. (白话文：性是美好的) 性相近：Basically, all the sex are the same. (白话文：基本上，所有的性行为是差不多滴)习相远：But it depends on the way you do it. (白话文：但还是得依照个人的喜好而为之)思考 Always meaning to meaning.Never word to w
9、ord.人之初，性本善。性相近，习相远。Man at birth,Being of worth.The same natureVaries on nurture. 判断一下？ 赤壁 Red Cliff红岩 水浒传 All men are Brothers都他妈是兄弟 霸王别姬 Farewell, My Concubine别了，我的情儿 判断一下？要想皮肤好，早晚用大宝。 信：If you want good skin, you should use Dabao every morning and night.达：We can have a beautiful face by using Dab
10、ao every day.雅：A fair face now, Dabao knows how.汉语（通常情况）1.修饰结构在前 2.分离可反复 3.主动居多 4.一句可多动词英语（通常情况）1.修饰结构在后 2.合并避反复 3.善用被动 4.动词要有主有次做题步骤1.调整语序 2.直接翻译（信、达） 3.美化翻译（雅） 试题演练 我国的端午节（the Dragon Boat Festival）是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。 The Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan.喝茶聊
11、天是中国人中最流行的打发时间的方式。 Chatting with cups of tea is the most popular way to spend time among Chinese. 过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。 The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty. 旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个行业，现在正引起中国公众越来越大的注意。 Tourism is a fast developing
12、 industry for the last two decades all over the world, which now draws more and more attention of Chinese public.思考：“是”？ “是”的翻译技巧世界贸易组织是成立于 1995 年 1 月 1 日的，目的是确保一个稳定的全球贸易经济环境。 The WTO was founded on January 1st, 1995, which aims to ensure a stable environment of trading and economy in the world.改变一下
13、？ 三国演义由罗贯中创作于 14 世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。 Romance of Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese history novel (a novel based on Chinese history stories). 大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。 The competition among graduates has become more and more fierce, which results that t
14、he chance that any individual graduate finds a job has decreased. 对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。 For those who earn less but eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford.欣赏 寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，
15、凄凄惨惨戚戚；乍暖还寒时候；最难将息。seek, seek; search, search;cold, cold; bare, bare;Grief, grief; cruel, cruel griefNow warm, then like the autumn cold againHow hard to calm the heart! 寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚；乍暖还寒时候；最难将息。I look for what I miss I know not what it is I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer, How h
16、ard is it To keep me fit in this lingering cold.许渊冲许先生也有逗 B 翻译： 君莫舞！君不见，玉环飞燕皆尘土？ Do not dance then! Have you not seen both plump and slender beauties turn to dust? 我爱你青松气质，我爱你红梅品格。 I love your temperament of the pine, and your character of the red plum. 我爱你家乡的甜蔗，好像乳汁滋润着我的心窝。I love your sugarcane in
17、our hometown, which moistens my heart like breast milk.合并详解 做秘书与人们所想象的不同。 Being a secretary is different from what people would imagine. 做秘书是一份非常复杂的需要组织、协调和沟通能力的工作。 Being a secretary is a very complex job which needs the ability to organize, coordinate and communicate. 做秘书与人们所想象的不同，非常复杂的需要组织、协调和沟通能力
18、的工作。 Being a secretary, different from what people would imagine, is a very complex job which needs the ability to organize, coordinate and communicate. 矿产资源（mineral resources）是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。 Mineral resources, an important part of natural resources, are a major material foundation for
19、the development of human society. 中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家，主要依靠本国的资源来保障建设需要。China, a developing country with a large population and a relative shortage of resources, depends on its own resources to meet the needs of construction. 中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化不可分割的一部分，为振兴华夏做出了巨大贡献。 Traditional
20、Chinese Medicine, a crucial part of Chinese culture, has made great contributions to the development (and prosperity) of China. 多动句春天来了，花开了，草绿了，河水化了，阳光洒在大地上。我们来到了小河边，来到了田野里，来到了山岗上。 多动句（主语相同）解题方法： 1、动词之间地位相同：V1, V2, , Vn。2、动词之间有主次之分：找到主动词，其他用 doing 或者 to do。3、不知道谁主谁次：用连词 体重是我的大问题，因为它决定着我找男朋友和未来嫁出去的可能
21、性。 My weight is a big problem because it determines the possibility of my finding an excellent boyfriend and getting married in the future. 特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。 During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and ro
22、oms (in order) to enhance the joyous atmosphere. 对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。 For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that t
23、hey cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc.大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。 College students spend most of their ti
24、me at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training.思考： 是否找个理由继续苟活？ 还是展翅高飞保持愤怒？ 无主句 松下问童子，言师采药去。 只在此山中，云深不知处。 （我）松下问童子，（童子）言师采药去。 （师傅）只在此山中，云深（童子）不知处。补主语 I asked the boy beneath the pines, He said, “The master ha
25、s gone alone. Herb-picking somewhere on the mount, Cloud-hidden where abouts unknown.” 林语堂 必须保证每天八小时睡眠。 We must guarantee eight hours sleep every day. 经典案例赏析 山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。 There is a poem from the Southern Song Dynasty that reads: “After endless mountains and rivers that leave doubt whether there
26、 is a path out, suddenly one encounter the shade of a willow, bright flowers and a lovely village.-Hillary Clinton思考 生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄。 We should live as an outstanding person,And die as an outstanding ghost.Be man of men while you are alive,And soul of souls if you were dead.许渊冲 中国人与狗不得入内。 Chinese and do
27、gs cant go in.Chinese and dogs are not admitted.变被动： 必须保证每天八小时睡眠。 Eight hours sleep must be guaranteed every day.整个义务教育阶段，要求学生在每学期期末参加期末考试。Throughout the whole process of compulsory education, students are required to take final examination.因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。 Therefore, college stude
28、nts are strongly suggested to doTherefore, it is highly suggested that college students do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience. 在山的那边海的那边有一群蓝精灵 非人主语+有、存在 There be中西方饮食习惯存在极大的差异。There are great differences between Chinese and western eating habits.Great d
29、ifferences exist between Chinese and western eating habits.必须保证每天八小时睡眠。 There is eight hours sleep that must be guaranteed every day.通常，胡同内有一个大杂院（courtyard），房间够 4 到 10 个家庭的差不多 20 口人住。 Usually, there is a big courtyard in a hutong, and there are rooms for 4 to 10 families, about 20 people.With rooms
30、shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people.中国地方戏种类很多，其中京剧（Peking Opera）是一个具有代表性的剧种。 There are many kinds of local operas in China, one of which is Peking Opera, a representative one. 思考：其中？ 在当今世界上的 190 多个国家中，世界贸易组织的成员国（member country）有 158 个。There are more than 190 countries in the world today.Th
31、ere are 158 member countries in the WTO.The WTO has 158 member countries, of more than 190 countries in the world today.各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。 There are great differences of customs and traditions about the celebration of the Chinese New Year from place to place. However, New Year
32、s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner 无主句 1.补主语 We must guarantee Eight hours sleep every day. 2.变被动 Eight hours sleep must be guaranteed every day.3.There beThere is Eight hours sleep that must be guaranteed every day. 总结一、修饰后置 1.介词使用（of/to/in） 2.
33、定语从句 3.插入语或同位语 二、多动句 1、动词之间地位相同： V1, V2, , and Vn 2、动词之间有主次之分：找到主动词，其他用 doing 或者 to do3、不知道谁主谁次：用连词 三、无主句 1. 补主语 We must guarantee eight hours sleep every day. 2.变被动 Eight hours sleep must be guaranteed every day.3.There beThere is eight hours sleep that must be guaranteed every day. 真题演练14 年 12 月六级
34、 1中国将努力确保到 2015 年就业者接受过平均 13.3 年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都须获得大学文凭。在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数：除了关注高等教育之外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源。这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。中国将努力确保到 2015 年就业者接受过平均 13.3 年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都须获得大学文凭。 China will try to make sure
35、 that employees receive 13.3 years of education on average by 2015. If the goal is achieved, most people who enter the labor market will have to acquire a college diploma in the future. 在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数：除了关注高等教育之外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。 In the next few years, China will make effort to increase t
36、he student enrollments of vocational colleges: apart from focusing on higher education, China will also seek new breakthroughs to ensure greater fairness of educational system. 中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源。这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。China is trying to make the best use of educational resources. In this way, rural and un
37、derdeveloped areas will receive more supports. 教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。Ministry of Education has also determined to improve the nutrition of students in less developed areas and provide equal opportunities for children of migrant workers to receive education in cities. 复习对于那些月薪较
38、低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。 For those who earn less but eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford.14 年 6 月六级 1北京计划未来三年投资 7,600 亿元治理污染，从减少 PM2.5 排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括 500 多万辆机动车的尾
39、气（exhaust）排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。另有 850 亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水（sewage）处理设施，加上 300 亿元投资未来三年的植树造林（forestation）。市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。北京计划未来三年投资 7,600 亿元治理污染，从减少 PM2.5 排放入手。 Beijing has planned to invest 760 billion yuan to tackle pollution in the coming three years, st
40、arting from reducing the PM2.5 emissions. 这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括 500 多万辆机动车的尾气（exhaust）排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。 The newly released plan is aimed at reducing four major pollution sources2, including the exhaust emissions from more than 5 million motor vehicles, the burning of coals in the surround
41、ing areas, the sandstorms from the North and the local construction dusts. 你真正忘掉的，而且忘得那么心安理得，是那些已经得到你回信的朋友。 Friends who really fall into oblivion, from which guilt is totally absent, are those who have received my reply. -选自余光中尺素寸心另有 850 亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水（sewage）处理设施，加上 300 亿元投资未来三年的植树造林（forestatio
42、n ）。 Another 85 billion yuan will be used to build or upgrade the facilities for treatment of urban garbage and sewage and additional 30 billion yuan will be invested in forestation in the next three years. 市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。The municipal government also plans to
43、 set up a group of water recycling factories and stop illegal buildings in order to improve the environment. In addition, Beijing will punish more severely the behaviors that violate the regulations of emission limitation. 14 年 6 月六级 2中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪（tuhao）和大妈（dama）都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人。也就是说，土豪有钱，但没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但现在特指不久前金价下跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津（Oxford）英语词典。至今已有约 120 个中文词被加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪（tuhao）和大妈（dama）都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。
