1、呼吸科英语Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘 acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应 blood gas analysis 血气分析 Anaemia 贫血 Alveolar 肺泡的 antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张 Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2 受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory dis
2、tress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop： bronchiolitis obliterans with organizi
3、ng pneunomia 闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎 Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Co
4、mplication 并发症DDyspnea 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema 肺气肿pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous 内生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram
5、stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high resolution computerized tomography 高分辨 CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea
6、syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia 肺炎Pneumothorax 气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症 Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌 Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的（insterstial 间质的）Plumonary edema 肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎2/3L
7、obular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎RMoist rales 湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度 Short of breath 气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检 Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他f
8、acilitating sputum expectoration 排痰 release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌video-assisted thoracoscopic-guidedrkskup 胸腔镜 lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimersele
9、ctrocardiogram (ECG)心电图echocardiogram 超声心动图V/Q isotopeaisutup 同位素 scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral 螺旋 CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography,ndirfi血管造影术) pulmonary angiographyDopplerdpl 多普勒 USS thighai大腿 and pelvispelvis 骨盆 (USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitorPSG( polysommography)常见
10、的病名 diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感,influenzpharynigitis 咽炎 pharyngalgiafringldi 咽痛acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管 -支气管炎4/14pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎 hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎 nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医
11、院内肺炎 bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD 急性发作 bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitisrainaitis过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchog
12、enic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamousskweims cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌dnu,k:sinumbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤mtstsispulmonary embolism （PE ） 肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症,rmbuemblizm pulmonary infarction 肺梗死 deep
13、 venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成 empyema 脓胸,empaii:mpneumothorax 气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸paiu,nju:mu:rkschronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病spjurtiv, -reitivcongenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病,saintikcor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病 k:,pumnlipulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病en,seflpiright h
14、eart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化,idipikcryptogenic,kriptudenik 隐源性的 fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎 connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupuslju:
15、ps狼疮 erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病,s:kidusisPulmonary alveolar proteinosis,prutiinusis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis hi:mu,sidrusis, ,hem-特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病rnju,lumtusisEosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿,i:sinfilikHistiocy
16、tosis X 组织细胞增多症 XWegener granulomatosis Wegener 肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺nju:m,kuniusisdrug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis,sp:dilusis 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘fistjuloral candidiasi
17、s 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮,kndidaisisosteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaucoma 青光眼cataract 白内障acute lung injury ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹 eczema 湿疹 hypertension 高血压 diabetes 糖尿病 be administered, treat sb. with empirical 经验性的, prophylactic,prfilktik, ,pru-预防性, remed
18、ialrimi:dil治疗性 Expectorant 祛痰药ekspektrnt Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂,mju:kulitik 常用的药物 drugs or agentsbronchodilator 支气管扩张剂,brkudaileitB2-agonistsnist兴奋剂: short-acting :salbutamol 沙丁胺醇slbju:tm(:)l long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic,mskrinik 毒蕈碱样的 antagonistsntnist对抗剂: ipratropium bromidebrumaid 异丙托溴胺aminop
19、hylline 氨茶碱,mi:nufili:nsteroidsstirid类固醇 inhaled: budesonide 布地奈po(per 德， os)., beclomethasone,beklumesun倍氯米松，fluticasone 氟替卡松 systemic: prednisoloneprednislun 强的松hydrocortisone,haidruk:tizun 氢化可的松 iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium 色甘酸钠leukotriene,lju:kutrain白三烯 receptor antagonists: mon
20、telukast 孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobeline6/14nikethamidenikemaid, -mid尼可刹米cardiac tonic 强心剂 diuretics 利尿剂,daijuretik albumin 白蛋白lbjumin antitussive agents 镇咳药,ntitsivammonium chloride 氯化铵munjm铵kl:raid氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索 （mucosolvan 沐舒坦）Pantoloc 潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulaeknjuli
21、:鼻导管， Venturiventjuri文里氏 face-mask nebulizernebjulaiz喷雾器 : finer particle size (3 to 20um) allows tracheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler (MDI)定量雾化吸入器via intubation,intju:bein插管 ，tracheostomy ,trkistmi, ,trei-气管造口术，tracheotomy,trkitmi, ,trei-气管切开术)synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilat
22、ion, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术,:rksentesis chest drain/drainage 引流术 chemotherapy 化疗 radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术,nju:munektmilobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy 肺叶切除术lubektmi叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术,:rktmipleurodesis 胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除
23、术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy 血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器cysticsistik囊性的 /varicosevrikus曲张样/cyclindrical 柱状-tram-tracks 轨道样 hemoptysisdeviation :trachea and apex eipeks尖端 shift contralaterally 对立的旁边CXR: translucency trnzlju:snsi 半透明+collapse 倒塌: visible rim 边缘 refractor
24、y or recurrent 周期性的: pleurodesis 胸膜固定术, pleurectomyplurektmi胸膜切除术, bullabul 大疱 stapling 装订 or lasering 激光常用的化疗药9/14cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine 吉西他滨： Gemzar (盐酸吉西他滨注射剂) paclitaxel; taxinol 紫杉醇（Taxol 泰素） docetaxel 多西他赛（泰素帝） 常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamox
25、icillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/ 他唑巴坦钠 ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾 cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/ 舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodiu
26、m cilastatin 亚胺培南/ 西司他丁钠 （泰能 tienam） Glycopeptides 糖肽类 inhibit cell wall assembly vancomycin 万古霉素 norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides 大环内酯类： inhibit protein synthesis roxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类 reno- and ototoxic
27、 inhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound (SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹诺酮类： inhibit DNA gyrasenorfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星 ciprofloxacin 环丙沙
28、星Tetracycline 四环素类 minocycline 美满霉素 Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类 metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents 抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素 B
29、fluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦 acyclovir 阿昔洛韦 ganciclovir 更昔洛韦 valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid 膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide （LPS）脂多糖antibi
30、otics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱 B 内酰胺酶MRSA： methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症11/14endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血
31、症 pyemia 脓毒血症 pathogen 致病原 pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量median infective dose (ID50) 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群 flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection
32、 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒 sterilization 灭菌 asepsis 无菌 aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasi
33、s 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗t
34、oxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌12/14Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌 Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌 Klebsiella pneumoni
35、ae 肺炎克雷伯菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌
36、Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌 Purified protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OT Atypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌 Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌 Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clo
37、stridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）Venereal disease refe
38、rence laboratory (VDRL)Rapid plasma regain (RPR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒13/14Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS
39、Adenovirus 腺病毒 Rubella virus 风疹病毒 Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘 -带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB
40、病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒 6 型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDSHuman T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人 T 淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人 T 细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒 Fungus 真菌 Yeast 酵母 Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌 Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属
