1、六级真题阅读长难句分析1. For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to handcarry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to
2、 the waters edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 turtles have struggled。For hundreds of millions of years 为介词短语作时间状语。before 为时间状语从句，该从句采用的是 there be 结构，主语为 or 连接的三个名词（词组）： natural documentaries，GPS satellites and ma
3、rine biologists 和 volunteers，主语后的不定式均为主语的后置定语。lest“以免” 引导状语从句，采用虚拟语气。【译文】数百万年以来，海龟们都挣扎着从海里爬出来，到沙滩上产卵，那时候还没有自然纪录片来记录它们的活动，没有 GPS 卫星和海洋生物学家跟踪它们，没有志愿者用手把小海龟放到水边以防它们被桅灯搞得迷失方向而爬向旅馆的停车场。2. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic logg
4、erheads from “threatened” to “endangered” meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 The figures prompted Oceana。to petition the government 为不定式作 prompted 的状语，to upgrade the level of protection 为不定式作 petition 的状语。they are in danger help 作 meaning 的
5、宾语，相当于省略了引导词 that 的宾语从句。【译文】这些数字迫使 Oceana 向政府请求将对北大西洋大海龟的保护程度由“受到威胁”提升到 “濒临灭绝 ”，这意味着如果没有额外的保护，它们将面临消失的危险。3. But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic sea turtle
6、s, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为并列复合句，主架为 Nature is indifferent and a report showed a drop。But 表转折。by the Fish and Wildlife Service 为介词短语作report 的后置定语。which can grow to as much as 400 pounds 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 loggerheads。be indifferent to 意为“ 对无动于衷” 。a
7、drop in 指“在方面下降”。【译文】但是大自然对人们的平等观念却漠不关心，渔业和野生动物服务组织的一项报告显示，北大西洋好几种海龟的数量都在令人担忧地下降，尤其是一种能够长到 400 磅重的大海龟。4. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. (2009 年 6 月)【分
8、析】本句为复合句，主架为 beach are being squeezed。on which eggs为定语从句，修饰 beach。squeezed 后接了两个由 on one side and on the other结构连接的状语：by development 和 by the threat。of rising sea levels 为介词短语作 threat 的后置定语。as the oceans warm 为原因状语从句。【译文】一方面是人类的开发，另一方面是海平面因海水变暖而上升，使得海龟们产卵的狭窄沙滩正在缩小。5. It turns out, according to Griff
9、in, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 It turns out that。according to Griffin 为插入语。that while in the ocean 为宾
10、语从句。while 在这里为连词，表转折。they spend on land 为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰的是 the weeks。括号内内容进一步解释 they spend on land，as 相当于“作为”。they spend in the ocean 为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰 the years。【译文】按照 Griffin 的说法，答案是这样：虽然我们对保护海龟们（产卵的母海龟，龟卵，小海龟）在岸上度过的几个星期做得很好，但是我们却忽略了它们在海里度过的岁月。6. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as wel
11、l, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how a creature so ugly could have won so much affection. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 we must or。or 表条件。get a handle on sth.指“着手处理某事 ”。that dinosaurs 为定语从句，修饰的是 a creature。leav
12、ing our 为现在分词短语作结果状语。how a affection 为宾语从句，作 wonder 的宾语。固定短语 meet ones end 指“迎接末日，即死亡”，at the hands of 为，指“出自之手，由完成” 。【译文】最终，我们必须着手处理这些问题，否则，这种比恐龙寿命还要长的生物将会在人类手中灭绝，从而给我们的后代留下疑问：为什么这么丑的生物却能获得人们如此多的关爱？7. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as study
13、ing, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 economists say families can。about to go into debt 为 families 的后置定语，to fund four years 为不定式作目的状语，of partying, as well as studying 为介词短语作后
14、置定语。that college investment 为同位语从句，作 knowledge 的同位语； that should yield huge dividends 为定语从句，修饰的是 investment，在该从句中， unlike many bank stocks 为插入语。【译文】但是，经济学家说，那些即将要负债来支付四年的聚会和学习费用的家庭可以从以下事实得到一些安慰：上大学是一项投资，与银行股票不同的是，这项投资将有巨大的红利。8. A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market prem
15、ium to skill” or the amount college graduates earned thats greater than what high-school graduates earned decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s. (2009 年 6 月 )【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 A 2008 study notes。by two Harvard economists 作 study 的后置定语，说明 study
16、 的发起者。that 引导一个很长的宾语从句，作 notes 的宾语。在该宾语从句中，主语为 the “labor-market premium to skill”，谓语有两个，由 but 连接，即 decreased 和 has come back。for much of the 20th century 和 since the 1980s 为时间状语，修饰谓语。两个破折号中间的内容为插入语，解释说明“labor-market premium to skill”。在该插入语中，what 引导宾语从句，作 than 的宾语，相当于 the amount。【译文】2008 年哈佛大学的两位经济学
17、者所做的一项研究指出， “劳动力市场给技能的额外收益” 或者说大学毕业生比高中毕业生挣得多的那部分钱在20 世纪的大部分时间都在下降，但是从 20 世纪 80 年代起，开始迅速回升。9. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesnt come down merely to dollars and cents. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 a look reveals。that 引导宾语从句，作rev
18、eals 的宾语。 about which college to attend 为介词短语作 choice 的后置定语。which college to attend 为宾语从句，作 about 的宾语。come down to 指“取决于”。【译文】但是看一下学费的奇怪变化，就可以知道选择去哪所大学不仅仅取决于金钱了。10. No, in this consumerist age, most buyers arent evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product like a car or clot
19、hes or a house. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为简单句，主架为 buyers arent evaluating college as but rather as。 in this consumerist age 为时间状语。破折号后的 like a house 解释说明consumer product。evaluate sth. as 指“ 将某物评定为” 。【译文】不，在这个消费年主义代，大多数买家不是把上大学看作投资，而是看作消费品就像汽车、衣服和房子一样。11. As with automobiles, consumers in todays college mar
20、ketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. (2009 年 6 月 )【分析】本句为 and 连接的并列复合句，主架为 consumers have vast choices, and people search for the one。in todays college marketplace 为介词短语作后置定语。that gives satisfaction 为定
21、语从句，修饰的是 the one。in line with their budgets 为介词短语作状语。in line with 指“ 与一致，按照” 。【译文】与买汽车一样，消费者在如今的大学市场有很多选择，人们会按照自己的预算寻找那些让他们感到最舒服最满意的。12. Since 2001, more than 1,000 high school and college students in the U.S. have participated in the Body Project, which works by getting girls to understand how they
22、 have been buying into the notion that you have to be thin to be happy or successful. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 students have participated in the Body Project。Since 2001 为时间状语。 which successful 为非限制性定语从句，修饰的是 the Body Project。by understand 为方式状语。how they notion 为宾语从句，作 understand 的宾语。 that you succ
23、essful 为同位语从句，解释的是notion。buy into 指“接受并受（某种思想、观点等）的影响” 。【译文】从 2001 年起，在美国已经有超过 1000 名高中和大学生参与了这项“身体计划”，这一计划旨在让女孩们了解她们是如何被灌输那种“ 为了成功和幸福，你必须瘦”的思想的。13. Such lasting effects may be due to girls realizing not only how they were being influenced but also who was benefiting from the societal pressure to be
24、 thin. (2009 年6 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 effects may be due to。girls realizing 为动名词作宾语。realizing 后接了两个由并列结构 not only but also 连接的宾语从句，分别是 how they were being influenced 和 who was benefiting to be thin。【译文】这些持续的效果可能是因为女孩们不仅意识到了她们是如何受到影响的，还意识到了谁从这些让大家感到应该瘦身的社会压力中受益。14. The company did not have the money to hi
25、re “experts”, and there was no established athletic footwear industry in North America from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field. (2008 年 12 月)【分析】本句为 and 连接的并列复合句，主架为 The company did not have the money and there was no industry。to hire “experts”为动词不定式作目的状语。established athletic footwear
26、 为 industry 的前置定语。in North America 为地点状语。from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field 为“介词which”引导的定语从句，修饰的是 North America。【译文】公司没有钱去雇佣“专家” ，而且当时在北美也没有既成的运动鞋行业，无法从这一领域招聘到有才能的人。15. Whats more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require
27、 an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. (2008 年12 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 demand is growing so fast that。Whats more 为插入语。that by 2050 为结果状语从句，其中 meeting it 为现在分词短语作主语。【译文】此外，发展中国家对动物制品的需求上升很快，要满足这些需求，需要在 2050 年之前每年增加 3 亿吨谷粮。16. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of
28、 sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. (2008 年12 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 The key will be。to abandon sustainability 为不定式作表语。which centre on the need damage 为非限制性定语从句，修饰的是 measures of sustainability。【译文】关键是要摒弃简单的、一成不变的可持续发展的方法，这些方法以满足生产需要但又不增加对环境的破坏为中心。17.
29、 That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. (2008 年 12 月)【分析】本句为 and 连接的并列复合句，主架为 That is a larger question and it is one。much 修饰 lar
30、ger。than 后接了两个由 or 连接的宾语从句：what should workers 和 how best border。that groups 为定语从句，修饰的是one。在该定语从句中，谓语 affects 后跟两个由并列结构 not only but 连接的宾语，分别是 newcomers 和 groups。that have been here for generations 为定语从句，修饰的是 groups。【译文】这个问题，比“ 对没有合法身份的工人应该采取什么政策” 、 “怎样才能保证边境安全” 之类的问题要重要得多，它不但影响到新移民，也影响到那些在美国生活了好几代的
31、族群。18. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. (2008 年 12 月)【分析】本句为简单句，主架为 Italians, Romanians and members became Americans and contribut
32、ed to the building。of other so-called inferior races 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 members。in ways too numerous to detail 为插入语。【译文】随着时间的流逝，意大利人、罗马尼亚人以及其他被称作“劣等民族” 的人成为了美国人中的典范，他们以各种各样的方式为建设伟大的美国贡献良多。19. But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about
33、assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, dont forever remain marginalized within these shores. (2008 年 12 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 we ought to ask questions。But 表转折。as arguments campaign trail 为时间状语从句。about, about为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 questions。how to ensure 为宾语从句，作 about 的宾语。that peopleshores
34、 为宾语从句，作 ensure 的宾语，在该从句中，once outsiders 为插入语。【译文】在总统竞选活动中，移民问题又再次升温，我们应该问些更广泛的有关“同化”的问题，即如何保证这些过去的局外人不会在这个国度永远处于边缘地位。20. Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic a
35、ssumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. (2008 年 12 月)【分析】本句为并列复合句。本句主干为 development is applied to everything, and it has become difficult to question。from to 意为“从到” ，from to growth 修饰 everything。as a result 表示结果。either or 意为“或者或者”，either or the way 作 question 的宾语。the concept is pu
36、t to use 是定语从句，先行词为 way，在这里可以不用引导词。【译文】可持续发展被应用到了从能源到洁净水和经济增长的几乎每个领域。结果，要想质问这一概念背后的基本假设或者这一概念是如何被执行的，就变得很困难。21. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.
37、(2008 年 12 月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 This is especially true in agriculture。where 引导的非限定性定语从句 sustainable perspectives 修饰逗号前面的agriculture。historical and cultural perspectives 意为“ 从历史和文化的角度”。【译文】这一现象在农业领域更是如此。在农业领域，可持续发展经常被当作进步的唯一标准，但人们忽略了从历史和文化的角度去合理地评价。22. Although children of Mexican immigrants do better,
38、in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue.【分析】本句为复杂句。主句为 UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue。Although 引导让步状语从句。in terms of 意为“ 在方面”，in terms attainment 在句中作插入语。that
39、引导的宾语从句作 find 的宾语。【译文】尽管墨西哥移民的孩子在教育和职业造诣方面比他们的父母做得要好，但加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的社会学家爱德华泰勒斯却发现，他们的收入没有增加。23. Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks that large parts of the community may become mired (陷入) in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underach
40、ievement.【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 Telles fears that。that 引导的宾语从句作fears 的宾语。破折号后的内容对前面的内容进行解释说明，说明美籍墨西哥人正在步美国黑人的后尘。【译文】泰勒斯担心，美籍墨西哥人注定要步美国黑人的后尘大部分人都可能陷入看似永远的贫困和失意。24. It is sitting at a record low against the euro and at a 30-year low against the Canadian dollar. (2008 年 6 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 It is sitting。It
41、指代的是前文中的美元。at the Canadian dollar 为介词短语。against 在这里表示美元与其他外币的兑换比率。【译文】美元对欧元的比率也跌破记录，美元对加拿大元的比率更是跌到近三十年的最低点。25. Many Europeans may view the U.S. as an arrogant superpower that has become hostile to foreigners. (2008 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 Europeans may view the U.S. as a superpower。 view as 意为“ 把看做”；
42、第一句中的 that 引导定语从句，先行词为 arrogant superpower。【译文】许多欧洲人会认为美国是一个傲慢自大的超级大国，对外国人不友好。但是，没有什么比疲软的美元更让他们觉得美国温暖的了。26. We see our kids college background as a prize demonstrating how well weve raised them. (2008 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 We see our kids college background as a prize。 see as 意为“把看做” ；demonstrating 为
43、现在分词作定语修饰prize； how well weve raised them 为 demonstrating 的宾语从句。【译文】我们将孩子的大学背景看做是对自己辛苦抚养他们的奖励。27. Underlying the hysteria (歇斯底里) is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. (2008 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 Underlying the hysteria is the belief。Underlying the hysteria 为现在分词做主语，that 引导同
44、位语从句，修饰 belief。【译文】支撑这种疯狂的是这样一种信念：稀有的精英学位必定价值颇高。28. Im now applying to graduated school, which means someday Ill return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. (2007年 12 月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 Im now applying to graduated school。which 引导非限制性定语从句，作从句的主语。在定语从句中包含了一
45、个省略了引导词that 的宾语从句，作 means 的宾语。宾语从句中又嵌套了一个 where 引导的定语从句，修饰 profession, where 在从句中作状语。在这个定语从句中又包含一个what 引导的宾语从句，作 get 的宾语。【译文】目前，我在申请研究生学历，这就意味着有一天我重回职场时，人们会为了一己之利而对我献媚。29. Like most people, Ive long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see ho
46、w smart or talented I am. (2007 年 12 月)【分析】本句为并列复合句。主句为 Ive understood。主句谓语动词 understood后有两个并列的 that 引导的宾语从句。在第二个宾语从句中包含一个省略 that 的定语从句 people use，修饰 gauge，还包含一个 how 引导的宾语从句。【译文】像大多数人一样，长期以来，我一直认为人们会以职业来评判我，我的职业才是人们用来评价我的聪明才智的标准。30. According to an International Energy Agency study, if consumers cho
47、se those models that would save them the most money over the life of the appliance, theyd cut global residential power consumption (and their utility bills) by 43 percent. (2007 年 12 月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 theyd cut by 43 percent。if 引导条件状语从句，在从句中包含了一个 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 models。这个条件状语从句为虚拟语气，表示对现在的假设，从句谓语用过去时
48、态，主句谓语动词用would do。【译文】 一份国际能源署的研究表明，如果消费者选择在使用期间能节省电器费用的家电型号，他们将节省 43%的全球居民用电量(和电费)。31. “Men in my generation (aged 25-40) have a fear of becoming dads because we have no role models,” says Jon Smith, a writer. (2007 年 12 月 )【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为“Men have a fear of becoming dads,” says Jon Smith。在直接引语中有一
49、个 because 引导的原因状语从句。在宾语从句为直接引语的句子里，若全部或部分直接引语位于主句之前则用倒装。【译文】 “跟我同时代的男性(25 岁到 40 岁之间) 都害怕当爸爸，这是因为我们没有学习的榜样， ”作家乔史密斯这样说道。32. “Our nations core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,” lamented (哀叹) the 117th richest man in America. (2007 年 12 月)【分析】本句为复合句。本句主干为“bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,”lamented the richest man。直接引语作 lament 的宾语从句。在宾语从句为直接引语的句子里，若全部或部分直接引语位于主句之前，常用倒装。【译文】 “我们国家与中产阶级讨价还价的核心条
