1、大学英语语法汇总1、名词（1）以 S结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致1、以 s结尾的疾病和游戏arthritis,bronchitis,rickets,measles,mumps,diabetes,darts,marbles做主语时谓语动词应使用单数形式。例：Arthritis causes pain in the joints.特殊情况：有一些疾病/游戏名词作谓语动词可单可复：measles,ricketsCards做主语动词用复数；darts,marbles 指游戏使用的具体的镖和弹子意义时，谓语动词 marbles可单可复，darts 用复数形式。例：Measles always cccur/
2、occurs among kids.Nine darts are thrown at each turn.2、以 s结尾的学科名称physics,mathematics,optics,acoustics,politics,athletics,tactics,linguistics,etc做主语时谓语动词使用单数。例：Mathematics is always a headache for girls.Politics always attracts boys.特殊情况：如果这些词并不是只带“学科”等意义，谓语动词便可做复数使用。例如，mathematics 运算能力,athletic 体育运动
3、,acoustics 音响效果,tactics策略,economics 经济学意义。例:The acoustics in Bon Jovis Tulsa concert were beyond criticism last spring.3、以 s结尾的地理名称The States,the united states,the Netherlands,the Philippines,the United Arab Emirates,the United Nation做主语时，谓语动词使用单数。例：The Netherlands is a Euroupean country.The Sates i
4、s a developed country特殊情况：如果主语是群岛 archipelago,山脉 mountains,海峡 straits,瀑布waterfalls,运动会 games等，谓语动词则使用复数。例：The Nansha Islands (The Spratly Islands)are integral part of China.The Wuyi mountains are picturesque.The Olympic Games are held every four years.4、其他以 S结尾的名词（1）成双成对出现的名词做主语时：例如 jeans,compasses(
5、圆规）scissors,pincers,glasses,pants,shorts,trousers,slacks,suspenders等谓语动词使用复数.例：The slacks are so completeful.The Hengdali glasses are so pricey.但是加上单位词则使用单数。例：One pair of glasses is far from enough when you travel abroad.（2）英语中还有一些以 s结尾的名词，如archives,arms,clothes,contents,eaves,fireworks,firecrackers
6、,goods,morals,thanks等，谓语动词使用复数。例：The firecrackers are so loud.Many thanks go to my wife and her floks.（3）Ings 结尾的名词谓语动词一般使用复数。如，clippings,diggings,earnings,fillings,sweepings,etc例：His earnings are pretty good.特殊情况：tidings(旧）做主语时谓语动词可单可复。例 Good tidings are cheerful.（4）英语中有一些词，单复数同形，例如barracks,headqua
7、rters,means,series,species,works,sheep,deer谓语动词根据实际情况而定。例： This means of transportation does not work for me.This means have been tried.These endangered species are well protected in mainland China.（5）少数的名词做单数和复数时意义不一样。例：What is the odds?(有什么要紧）The odds are in our favors.(形式对我们有利）特殊情况：Remains 做“遗体”时
8、，谓语动词使用复数，如果当“遗迹” “剩余物”时，谓语动词可单可复。例：The prime ministers remains were buried in the vicinity of the church. There remains of the ancient capital has been reduced to debris after the massive quake. The remains of the meal was/were fed to the dog.（2）集体名词做主语的主谓一致1、通常做复数的集体名词police,people,cattle,militia,
9、poultry,personal,clergy,vermin等做主语时谓语动词使用复数。例：The clergy remain divided on the issue of women priests.The personal(总称：员工）are reluctant to alter the rules.2、通常做单数的集体名词：foliage（叶子总称）,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,clothing(clothes),poetry(poem,poet),baggage,luggage,scenery,jewellery(jewel).
10、例：All the machinery is made in China. The wooden furniture is unaffordable.3、可单可复的集体名词：congregation,family,government,public,crew,class,committee,audience,couple,nation,population等谓语动词根据实际情况对待。例：The family is a large one.The family are eating salmon at table.4、A committee/panel/board of +pl. ,谓语动词通常
11、使用单数。 例：A panel of experts is to give its opinion on ways to tackle congestion.(3）problems of concord with a coordinate subjiect1、and 连接的是一个人/一件事例：The teacher and interpreter has been laid up for a couple of days.Early to bed early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy,and wise.2、and 连接成对出现的名词：knife a
12、nd fork,cart and horse,needle and thread,law and order,bread and butter,ham and eggs,cereal and milk,fish and chips,pancakes and syrup,etc.例：Bread and butter is a tasty breakfast in western culture.Fish and chips is a populary take-away food that originated in the United Kingdom.3、and 连接 every/each/
13、no/many a +单数名词，谓语动词使用单数。例：Every male and every female has to evacuate from the power plant.Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.No boy and no girl is playing tennis.4、and 连接专有名词：the Stars and Stripes,the Bat and ball.例：The bat and Ball is a delightful Inn with lot
14、s of exposed beams,flagstone floors,roaring log fires of后面必须指人；of 后必须特指。例：some books of mine/a friends of mine/a car of tonys注意区别：a portrait of Chairman Mao/a portrait of Chairman Maosthis picture of Marvin/this picture of Marvins(7）Determiners（形容词排序）县 官 行 令 杀 国 才限定词 观看 形状 年龄 颜色 国别 材料less/least在非正式英
15、语中可以用来修饰可数名词复数。例:Less and less students go abroad for the purpose of overseas education.Xinjiang has the least people per square me.few Few locals visit local points of interest.修饰可数名词表否定意义,修饰不可数名词表肯定意义a few A few couples get married in front of the town hall.little There is little water left in the
16、 thermal bottle.They are such little children that they dontnt qualify.修饰不可数名词表否定意义A little There is still a little room for us.修饰可数名词表肯定意义all,both,every,always,entirely,altogether,completely,quite,all the time等词和否定词连用表示部分否定。如果表示完全否定，则用no,none,neither,no one,never,not(never).at all例：All that glitter
17、s is not gold.This flower is not seen everywhere.Both girls are not tall.All are leaving for the U.S.All is well with me.代词的排序问题：单数人称代词并列做主语时，其顺序为 you,his/she/it,I例：You,he and I should return on time.复数人称代词做主语时，其顺序为 we,you,they例：We,you and they are all supposed to defend our motherland in times of w
18、ar.特殊情况：在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。在承认错误，承担责任时：It was and John who upset the rowdy kids.在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称：I and you should try to get it finished by tomorrow evening.(8）Present Perfect（现在完成时）:have/has done1、for/since/already/just/never/ever/before/yet/lately/recently/so far/in the last(past)few years/up
19、 till now etc.2、Dont confuse Have been to and Have gone to例：Her great uncle has been to the Ivory Coast.(点动词、短暂性动词）His mother-in-law has gone to the Baltic countyies（段动词、延续性动词）3、点动词：but/borrow/leave/join/die/marry/come/go/lose/begin/stop/arrive/lend 但是，如果现在完成时的谓语动词是点动词的否定形式，那么这种动作是可以延续的。例：He hasnt l
20、eft home for one month.I havent seen you for so long.4、Its(time)since.例：Its been 2 years since I left my home city.Its been 2 years since I lived in here.Its 2 weeks since I caught a cold.Its 3 months since I got married.Its been 6 weeks since I was married.5、It is the first/second.last time+that cl
21、ause 从句一律使用完成时例：It is the first time that I have ever been drug tested.Last year was the first time that I had traveled to Oceania.(9）Past Pwrfect(过去完成时）：had done,hardly/scarcely had.when,no sooner had.than例：Hardly had we made it there when the bum began to file complints.1、hope/think/expect/intend/
22、mean/suppose/want 使用过去完成时，可以表示过去未实现的希望、打算、意图。例:I had hoped to seat myself without being recognized.I had intended to come visit your family last week,but I got so sick.2、Constructions denoting future timeWill/shall do,be going to do/be doing/be about to do/be to do3、Passive Voicebe done,am/is/are do
23、ne,was/were done,will be done/be going to be done,has/have/had been done,be being done,be supposed to do4、无被动语态：happen,look,appear,die,last,lie,break out,come true ect.例：My dreams have come true.The car wreck happened this morning.5、Its+past participle+that:Its said/believed/known that.6、Causative V
24、erbs:let/make/have例：My school district makes the student government post ads on the billboards.The student government is made to post ads on the billboards.7、Sense verbs:see/watch/observe/look at/hear/listen to/notice etc.例：His stepmom hears him play the piano every mornong.He is heard to play the p
25、iano every morning.His sister heard him playing percussion instruments next door.He was heard playing percussion instruments next door.8、Passive Voice:need/require/want/demand/be wroth 后跟 ing可表示被动概念。例:The blockbuster is well worth watching.The rocking chair requires repairing.The diaper needs changi
26、ng.9、主动结构表被动。例：Tomatoes bruise easily.The window wont shut.The door doesnt lock.The food store closes at 5pm.The material wont wear.Harry Potteer sells well.Potatoes cook slowly.His works are prionting.10、不及物动词无被动语态，但有时候 be+vi.past partisiple是系表结构。The gal is gone.The sun is already risen.The leaves
27、are all fallen.The dog is returned.(10）Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气）英语中的三种语气：陈述、祈使、虚拟。虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、或推测。例：If there were no subjunctive mood,English would be a lot easier to learn.1、If 条件句中的虚拟语气时间 谓语动词的虚拟形式现在 动词过去式（be 多用were）would/should/could/mifht+have+过去分词过去 had+过去分词 woul
28、d/should/could/might+have+过去分词将来 动词过去式或should/were to+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形2、suppose,supposing 有时候可以替换 if例：Tf it were not raining now,we would go for a picnic.If he knew English,he wouldnt turn to me for help.She would have gone to the party if she had been inveted.If mum hadnt called me
29、,I would have overslept this morning.If I had enough money,I would buy a new car.If I should fail,I would try again.If I were to be admitted to university next year,I would major in French3、在省略 If的条件状语从句的虚拟语气中的助动词提前例：1.If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him.Had you come a few
30、minutes earlier,.2.If it should rain tomorrow we wouldnt go out.Should it rain tomorrow,.3.If it were to rain tomorrow,we would not go out.Were it to rain tomorrow,.（11）Ariant1、含蓄条件句：虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，如：介词 without，but for；副词otherwise，连词 or，or else 等句型：if it were not for.(
31、现在或将来）if it hadnt for.(过去）例：Without electricity,human life would be quite different today.Yesterday Jane walked away from the dission.Otherwise,she might have said sth she would regret later.2、时间错综句：If the flower had been watered,it wouldnt die now.If his television set had not been stolen yesterday
32、,he would be watching TV now.3、虚实错综句：虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子。例：They might have left earlier,but the car wasnt ready.We could have walked to the station;it was so near.Yes .A taxi wasnt at all necessary.(12）should+verb 型虚拟语气虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用：一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求及其他inist,order,command,decree;suggest,propose,advis
33、e,move,recommend;demand,require,request,ask;resolve,decide,prefer,vote,resolve,desire,urge1、用于宾语从句例：The man isisted he should be sent to the front.I suggested that we should start out earlier.当 inist表示对已发生过的事物的看法，或当 suggest为“说明” “暗示”时，从句用陈述语气而不用虚拟语气。例：The Arab inisted that he hadnt seen the camel.Hi
34、s smile suggested that he was happy.2、在主句从句中用以表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此，构成 It is 过去分词/natural/important/necessary/strange/advisable/vital/apity/ashame/inperative/desirable/appropriate/essential/fitting/impossible/obligatory/proper etc that句型例：Its natural that he make an apology to him.Its a pity that he be so ca
35、reless.Its so strange that she thinks so.3.表语从句：这类名词有suggestion，request，order，advice，resolution，motion，decision，decree，demand，instruction，requirement，idea 等“坚持/命令/要求” 。例：The officers order was that his soldiers should go into the subject at full length.My advice is that no college student date in cl
36、ass.4、同位语从句：suggestion，request，order，advice，resolution，motion，decision，decree，demand，instruction，requirement，idea 等“坚持/命令/要求” 。例：I did not receive the order that you should depart at once.His suggestion that you should keep silent sounds quite reasonable. （13）一般过去时句型：一般过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。1、使用 cou
37、ld,would等过去式表示委婉语气。Could you please help me out?2、用于 so that，in order that，for fear that，in case，lest 等引导目的状语从句。The meeting will be put off in case it(should)rain.They climed higher so that/in order that they could see the whole city.She is working hard for fear that she could/might lag behind others.（in case 不一定使用虚拟：In case I am late,start without me.)She pulled away from the window lest anyone(should)see them.*从句若为否定，一般用 shouldnt.He locked the door of his room in
