1、1句子的种类一、按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。类别 例句 用法陈述句 肯定 This is a bag. I like spring. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法陈述句 否定 I cant see a bag over there. I dont know. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法一般Are you a student? Does she get up early?Do you like swimming?Can you speak English?特殊when什么时间；who 谁；whose 谁的；where 在哪里；which哪一个；why 为什么；w
2、hat 什么；what time 什么时间；what colour 什么颜色；what about怎么样；what day星期几；what date 什么日期；what for 为何目的；how怎样；how old 多大岁数；how many 数量多少；how much多少钱；how about怎么样；how far 多远选择 Is your friend a boy or a girl?疑问句反意 Its a fine day, isnt it?用于提出问题肯定 Put it here.祁使句否定 Dont look at the noticeboard.表示命令、建议或请求感叹句 How
3、smart the scarf is! What a smart scarf!How hard he studies! 表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、厌恶或愤怒等强烈感情注意： 疑问句的回答(1) 一般疑问句用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用 yes 或 no 来回答。(2) 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成，不能用 yes来 no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或 Beijing.(3) 选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择，前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来，后两项之间用 or连接，回答时
4、选择一种。Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? Id like a banana。(4) 反意疑问句由陈述句加一个简短问句构成，简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定，后面问句就用否定形式；陈述句部分是否定，简短问句则用肯定形式。He likes music, doesnt he? Yes,he does. 是的，他喜欢。 No,he doesnt. 不，他不喜欢。He doesnt like music, does he ?Yes,he does. 不，他喜欢。 No,he doesnt. 是的，他喜欢。即回答应该按实际情况
5、来回答，实际情况是肯定的，就用 yes。否定的就用 no. 2小学英语一般疑问句，否定句以及对划线部分提问的解题指导改为一般疑问句：先找 am, is, are, was, were或 can, would，放在最前面，如没有则判断是否为 过去式 ， 是则动词改为原形，句前加 Did，其余照抄；不是则判断是否为第三人称单数，是则动词改为原形，句前加 Does,其余照抄以上都不是，则句前加 Do，其余照抄。改为否定句：方法和上面一样，先找 am, is, are, was, were或 can, would，再后加 not，其余照抄如没有则判断是否为 过去式 ， 是则动词改为原形，人后加 did
6、nt，其余照抄；不是则判断是否为第三人称单数，是则动词改为原形，人后加 doesnt,其余照抄以上都不是，则人后加 dont，其余照抄对划线部分提问： 用适当的疑问词代替划线部分，将剩余部分改为一般疑问句（注：如划线部分为主语，则用 who代替，其余照抄；如划线部分为动词或动词短语，则用 do代替，句前加 what，再改为一般疑问句）例如：He is running now.- He isnt running now. -Is he running now?-Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.They are making a puppet.- They arent maki
7、ng a puppet. -Are they making a puppet?-Yes, they are. / No, they arent.I often watch TV in the evening.- I dont often watch TV in the evening.-Do you often watch TV in the evening?-Yes, I do. No, I dont.He plays football after school. - He doesnt play football after school.Does he play football aft
8、er school?-Yes, he does. No,he doesnt.We began class at 8 oclock yesterday.- We didnt begin class at 8 oclock yesterday.Did you begin class at 8 oclock yesterday? -Yes,we do. No, we dont.练一练：1、填入适当的疑问词。1) _wallet is it? Its mine. 2) _is the Christmas Day? Its on the 25th of December.3)_is the diary?
9、 Its under the chair. 4) _is the boy in blue? Hes Mike.5)_are the earphones? They are 25 yuan. 6)_is it today? Its Sunday. 7)_is this red one? Its beautiful. 8)_is it from here? Its about 2 kilometres away.9)_is your cousin? Hes 15years old. 10)_do you have dinner? At 6 oclock.11) _one is fatter, th
10、e blue one or the red one? The blue one.2、对划线部分提问。1) I can see eight rubbers in the box. _can _see in the box?2) My father is fine today. _ your father today?33) Liu Tao is playing football in the playground. _Liu Tao_ in the playground?4) My birthday is on the 9th of September. _ your birthday?5) I
11、d like a nice cake for breakfast. _ like for breakfast?6) Thats Nancys skirt. _ is that?3、按要求改写句子。1) Its a book.（改为一般疑问句） _2) My father is in the office.（对划线部分提问） _3) Do you watch TV every Sunday?（做肯定回答） _4) This picture is beautiful.（改为以 what引导的感叹句） What _picture!5) Open the door for him.（改为否定句） _6
12、) I have a big present.（对划线部分提问） _?7) There are some orange trees.（改为单数句子） _.8) we are going to see a Beijing opera.（对划线部分提问） _ ?9) He has some questions.（改为一般疑问句） _?10) They visited their relatives and friends last Spring Festival.（改为一般疑问句）_they _their relatives and friends last Spring Festival?二、基
13、本句型：1.主 + 谓语动词（S+V）如： I work. You study. They swim.2.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （s +linkv +p） We are in the classroom. They look like twins.The food tastes delicious. Leaves turn green.3.主语 + 谓动 + 宾语（S+V+O） She studies English. They play football.4. 主语 + 谓动 + 宾语 + 补语（S+V+O+C） We should keep our class clean.5. 主语
14、 + 谓动 + 间接宾语(人) +直接宾语（物）（S+V+IO+DO）My mother made me a new dress. The teacher gave us some books.三、按结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。1.简单句：只包括一个主语和谓语的句子。例如：He likes swimming. We are students.2并列句：包含两个或两个以上主语和谓语结构的句子，句与句之间用并列连词或分号来连接。如：The food was good, but he had little appetite.(you must)Hurry up, or you will be l
15、ate for school.3.复合句：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子，从句有从属连词（when, while, before, after, as soon as , if, because, so, though, etc.）引导.如：The film had begun When we got to the cinema.He didnt go to school because he was ill yesterday.练一练：连词成句4. is，the，what，weather，today，like_5. you，me，please，could，help_6. are，what
16、 ，they ，colour_7. many，minutes ，hour，there，how ，are ，in，an_8. him，give，please，water，a ，of ，bottle4_9. to，I，put，the ，ball ，in ，the，box，want_there/here be 结构1、there be 结构表示 “某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”，包括 there is、there are 、there was there were。如：There is a school near my home.There are many books in my school-b
17、ag.There was a river here.here be 结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示“这里存在着什么事物或人”。2、与 have、has、had 的区别：（1）There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） There be +名词+某地 ；而 have、has、had 表示：某人拥有某物 某人+have/has/had +某物。I have five books.（2）在 there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用 is；主语是复数，be 动词用 are；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近 be 动词的那个名词决定 “就近原则”。 There is a de
18、sk and many chairs. There are some children, a policeman and an old man. （3）there be 句型的否定句在 be 动词后加 not , 一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。 如：There isnt a shop near my home. Are there some flowers in your bedroom.（4）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？ （5）针对主语
19、提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats +there+ 介词短语？ （6）There be 结构一般用在句子的开头，而 have 等词只能用于某一个主语后面。练一练：1、用恰当的 be 动词填空。1) There four seasons in a year. 2) There not any trees two years ago.3) - there a post office near your school? -Yes, there .4) -How many stops there? -There only one.5) There not any stamps on the e
20、nvelope. 6) there any birds in the tree?2、选用“have, has, had, there is, there are, there was, there were”填空。1) I a good father and a good mother. 2) a telescope on the desk. 3) He a tape-recorder. 4) a basketball in the playground. 5) They a nice garden. 6) My father a story-book last year. 7) a read
21、ing-room in the building? 8) What does Mike ? 9) any books in the bookcase? 10) How many students in the classroom? 11) a story-book on the table a moment ago. 12) What do you ?some，any 的用法some 用于肯定句；any 用于否定句和一般疑问句。 请注意看例句后扩号说明的用法。例：There is some water in the glass. （肯定句） There are some flowers in
22、the garden. （肯定句）There arent any lamps in the study.（否定句） Are there any maps on the wall?（一般疑问句）Would you like some orange juice? （希望得到肯定回答）Do you want to take any photos at the party? （一般疑问句）练一练：选用 some 或 any 填空。1) There isnt milk in the fridge. 2) I can see cars, but I cant see buses.3) He has fri
23、ends in England. 4) Were there fruit trees on the farm?5) -Would you like cakes? -No, Id not like cakes, but Id like coffee.6) Does Tom want to take photos? 7) Is there rice in the kitchen?58) There are new buildings in our school. 9) Here are presents for you.10) -Are there pictures on the wall? -No, there arent pictures.
