1、目录地理 5动物学 6法律 8化学 10教育 12经济 12军事 14考古学 15农业 16气象 17人类学 17生物学 20数学 21天文 23物理 23医学 26艺术 27语言学 28政治 29植物学 30自然 31宗教 31品质 32卑鄙 32笨拙 32聪颖 33粗野 33胆小 33和蔼 34狡猾 34节俭 34谨慎 34懒惰 35强壮 35奢侈 35熟练 35素质 35贪婪 36严酷 36勇敢 36自私 37食品 37本质 38比较概念 38范围 39方法 40光 40科学 41逻辑 41时间 42水相关动作 43物体 44效果 44整体与局部 44犯罪 45福气 46工具使用 46工
2、作 47关系 48建筑 49困难 49流行 50名誉 50气氛 51社会活动 51身体动作 52生产 53生活 54土地 54外表 55休息 55预知 55灾难与不幸 56心理 56傲慢 56悲伤 57吃惊 57动机 57烦躁 58感觉 59疲倦 59高兴 59好奇 59焦急 60沮丧 60恐惧 60狂热 60满意 60梦想 61情感 61热情 61态度 62犹豫 62憎恨 62行为 63帮助 63救济 63保护 63抽象行为 64处理 64促进 65得到 66躲避 66反抗 66反叛 66否定 67服从 67负面效果行为 67改良 67阻碍 68跟踪 69固定 69观察 69坚持 70揭示
3、70控制 71理解 71掠夺 71迷惑 72判断 72破坏 73强迫 73勤奋 74忍受 74认可 74失误 75思考 76探索 76拖延 76习惯 77限制 77学习 77遗留 78运动 78战胜 78诽谤 78呼喊 79建议 79交流 80夸大 80命令 80批评 81说话 81协商 83争论 83属性 84安静 84肮脏 84不合适 84程度 84纯 85大 85方位 86公正 86合适 86尖刻 87精巧 87距离 88肯定 88空 88明显 88普遍 89事物 89属性 89数量 89特殊 90危险 90味道 90物理属性 91小 91虚幻 91需要 92真实 92重要 92壮丽 9
4、3状态 93变化 93冲突 93穿透 94发展 95分离 96缓和 96恢复 96混乱 97聚集 97扩大 97粘附 98频率 98缺乏 98衰弱 98随机 99缩减 99物理属性变化 100物理状态 100吸引 100虚弱 101隐藏 101地理insular adj.海岛的island n.岛，岛屿，岛状物(孤立状态的物)，安全岛【例】 coral island n.珊瑚岛；continental island 陆边岛；peninsula n.半岛；islet n.小岛marine adj.海的(marinene);海上的；近海的【例】 Human beings are natural e
5、nemies of marine mammals.maritime adj.海的(marine, oceanic);海上的；近海的moist adj.湿润的，多雨的(damp, humid)ledge n.暗礁oasis n.(沙漠中的)绿洲【例】 The travelers were saved when they finally found an oasis.tide n.潮汐ebb vi.退潮【例】 The water washed up on the shore, then slowly ebbed away.continent n.大陆terrestrial adj.领土的【例】 t
6、errestrial heat 地面干扰；terrestrial magnetism 地磁，地磁学outskirt n.外边，郊区(surrounding)region n.地区，领域(zone, area, field, domain)endemic adj.地方的(native)【例】 This disease is endemic to the southerners, and will not spread in the cold north.cosmopolitan adj.全世界的(global)【例】 The farmer was unused to the cosmopolit
7、an ways of life in a large city.subterrane n.地下(underground)subterranean adj.地下的cavern n.大山洞，大洞穴【例】 Inside the cavern were the remnants of an ancient fire.flaw n.裂隙cleft n.裂缝(crevice)crevice n.裂缝，破口(rift, slit)【例】 The rain came in through a crevice in the cabin wall.gap n.裂口(opening)【例】 Generation g
8、ap lies between parents and children.zone n.带(region, area)【例】 time zone 时区equator n.赤道【例】 It is warmer near the equator.longitude n.经度altitude n.(尤指海拔)高度，高处(海拔甚高的地方)latitude n.纬度meridian n.子午线，正午subsidiary n.支流(branch)【例】 He followed the subsidiary to trace its origin.Antarctic adj.南极的，南极地带的Antarct
9、ica n.南极洲Arctic adj.北极的，北极区的 n.北极，北极圈coastland n.沿海岸地区hemisphere n.半球contour n.轮廓；海岸线(outline, profile)【例】 The artist accentuated the models contours.geography n.地理学，地理horizon n.地平线lowland n.低地，苏格兰低地 adj.低地的plain n.平原，草原strait n.地峡，海峡channel n.海峡，水道，沟valley n.(山)谷，流域volcano n.火山plateau n.高原basin n.盆
10、地【例】 The Amazon basin covers a vast amount of land.navigation n.航海ranges n.射程表尺数salinity n.盐分，盐度sediment n.沉淀物，沉积elevation n.高地，正面图，海拔formation n.形成，构成geothermy 地热terrain n.地形topography n.地形学tropical adj.热带的tropics n.(天球的)回归线，热带temperate adj.(气候)温和的【例】 temperate latitudes 温带地区地质vein n.矿脉pit n.坑，地坑(h
11、ole)borehole n.钻孔pit n.煤矿quartz n.石英marble n.大理石gem n.宝石(jewel, precious stone)fieldstone n.(建筑用的)散石，大卵石emerald n.祖母绿，翡翠，绿宝石wiikite 杂铌矿granite n.花岗岩lead n.铅limestone n.石灰石lava n.熔岩，火山岩ruby n.红宝石bonanza n.富矿带【例】 Winning the lottery was a bonanza for the Browns.mineral n.矿物，矿石ore n.矿石vein n.静脉，血管(bloo
12、d vessel)sediment n.沉淀物fossil n.化石petrify vt.变为化石【例】 I was totally petrified with fear.geology n.地质学，地质概况aluminum n.铝core n.果核，中心，核心crater n.弹坑diamond n.钻石，菱形glacial adj.冰的，冰状的，冰河的，冰河时代的glacier n.冰河，冰川iceberg n.冰山plate n.盘子，金属板，图版，金银餐具tremor n.震动，颤动earthquake n.地震seism n.地震seismic adj.地震的【例】 seismic
13、 wave 地震波，海震波，海啸波seismology n.地震学magnitude n.震级cataclysm n.地震，灾难，大洪水stratum n.地层mantle n.地幔lithogenous a.岩层的lithosphere n.岩石圈layer n.层，阶层crust n.地壳；硬外皮(shell)【例】 The crust of the pie was delicious.fault n.断层【例】 fault plane 断层面；fault zone 断层magma n.(有机物或矿物的)稀糊，岩浆squirt v.喷出(spurt)【例】 Bishop named it
14、Squirt because the drink seemed to “squirt” into your mouth like a freshly squeezed grapefruit.erupt vi.爆发(explode, burst out)【例】 We feared that the volcano would erupt again.outburst n.(火山，感情等)爆发，喷出(surge, explosion)eruption n.爆发，火山灰volcanic adj.火山的，像火山的【例】 volcanic island n.火山；volcanic ash n.火山灰；v
15、olcanic dust 火山尘动物学gregarious adj.群居的【例】 My gregarious sister makes friends wherever she goes.swarm n.(蜜蜂、蚂蚁等)群(throng, crowd, horde)flock n.羊群，(禽、畜等的)群herd n.兽群，牧群mammal n.哺乳动物carnivore n.食肉动物carnivorous adj.食肉类的appetite n.食欲herbivorous adj.食草的omnivorous adj.杂食的，什么都吃的predator n.掠夺者，食肉动物predatory ad
16、j.掠夺的，食肉的prey n.被掠食者，牺牲者poikilotherm n.变温动物，冷血动物rodent n.啮齿动物scavenger n.清道夫，食腐动物microbe n.微生物，细菌reptile n.爬虫动物homotherm n.恒温动物primate n.灵长类的动物primates n.灵长类mollusk n.软体动物coelenterate n.腔肠动物vertebrate n.脊椎动物invertebrate n.无脊椎动物finch n.鸣禽【例】 This kind of birdseed is perfect for all kinds of finches.b
17、ird n.鸟fowl n.鸡；家禽(chicken; poultry)monster n.怪物，巨兽(demon)hordes n.昆虫群insect n.昆虫worm n.虫，蠕虫beast n.兽，畜牲aquatic adj.水的，水上的，水生的，水栖的amphibian adj.两栖类的，水陆两用的migrate vi.(鸟类的)迁徙【例】 Some birds migrate to find warmer weather.graze v.放牧【例】 This field will graze 30 head of cattle.gasp v.气喘，喘息(breathe, gulp)【
18、例】 The terrible scene made me gasp.peck v.啄，啄起(bite, nibble)【例】 Woodpeckers pecked wood for a pest.trot vi./n.(马)小跑，慢跑(jog)【例】 The horses trotted along the road.dormant adj.休眠的(inactive)【例】 The dormant volcano has not erupted for two hundred years.offspring n.子孙，后代(descendant)spawn n./v.产卵(generate,
19、 produce)pregnant adj.怀孕的，孕育的hatch v.孵出，孵 (卵)(incubate, breed, emerge from the egg)【例】 Dont count your chickens before they are hatched.breed v.(使)繁殖，教养，抚养【例】 Many animals breed in the spring.domesticate vt.驯养，教化(tame)【例】 No one has ever been able to domesticate the African elephant.fertilize vt.使受精
20、regeneration n.再生，重建reproduce v.繁殖，再生【例】 Birds reproduce by laying eggs.squeak vi.(老鼠或物体)吱吱【例】 Rats squeak while flies buzz. It is quite a house.chirp vi.喳喳(虫和鸟的叫声)【例】 The injured bird did not move or chirp.hibernate v.冬眠【例】 Polar bear can hibernate for a long time.camouflage v./n.伪装【例】 They camoufl
21、aged their hatred with professions of friendship.extinction n.灭绝monogamous adj.单配的，一雌一雄的polyandrous adj.一雌多雄(配合)的nest n.巢，窝niche n.小生态环境pest n.有害物habitat n.(动植物的)生活环境，产地，栖息地，居留地，自生地，聚集处rhinoceros n.犀牛chimpanzee n.非洲的小人猿，黑猩猩baboon n.狒狒gorilla n.大猩猩lizard n.蜥蜴moth n.蛾，蛀虫canary n.金丝雀，淡黄色caterpillar n.毛
22、虫dinosaur n.恐龙chameleon n.变色龙larva n.幼虫bat n.蝙蝠，球棒family n.科class n.纲suborder n.亚目order n.目genus n.种，类antenna n.触须tentacle n.(动物)触须，触角，(植物)腺毛brain n.脑，头脑【例】 Tom has no brain at calculus.spleen n.脾脏hide n.兽皮(skin)spine n.脊骨(backbone)spineless adj.无脊椎的toe n.脚趾bill n.鸟嘴beak n.鸟嘴，喙fuzzy adj.有绒毛的，绒毛状的(fr
23、izzy, downy)head n.头hump n.驼峰scale n.鳞片wing n.翅，翅膀，冀fluffy adj.绒毛的【例】 Newly hatched chickens are like fluffy balls.carnal adj.肉体的(corporeal)nervous adj.神经的fat n.脂肪，肥肉grease n.动物脂，脂肪greasy adj.多脂的；油脂的(oily)【例】 To keep you fit, keep away from greasy food.turtle n.海龟beaver n.海狸(毛皮)jellyfish n.水母starfis
24、h n.海星whale n.鲸porpoise n.海豚，小鲸dolphin n.海豚prawn n.对虾，明虾，大虾shrimp n.小虾lobster n.龙虾sponge n.海绵，海绵体，海绵状物plankton n.浮游生物oyster n.牡蛎，蚝clam n.蛤coral n.珊瑚，珊瑚虫crab n.螃蟹，类似螃蟹的动物法律penal adj.受刑罚的，刑事的illicit adj.违法的(unlawful, illegal)unruly adj.不守法的(disorderly)illegitimate adj.非法的；私生的(illegal)【例】 A special com
25、mission tried to reduce the number of illegitimate births in the country.default n.不履行责任(nonfulfilment),缺乏 v.不履行；拖欠【例】 If they cant raise the money to pay the debt, they will have to default.violate v.违犯，违背，侵犯(break,offend)【例】 These findings appear to violate the laws of physics.violation n.违犯【例】 If
26、 you get one more traffic violation, your drivers license will be revoked.infringe v.侵犯(encroach, intrude);违反【例】 Your book infringes on my copy right.bound adj.负有义务的【例】 The employees are not bound to keep working at the factory after pulsory adj.义务的；必修的(obligatory, mandatory, required)【例】 The use of
27、 seat belts is compulsory in many states; failure to wear them may result in fines. / A composition class is compulsory for all college students.oblige vt.强迫(force)【例】 I was obliged to finish the work by the end of this week.obligatory adj.义务的；必须的(compulsory, necessary)【例】 Wearing seat belts while d
28、riving is obligatory in most states.responsible adj.有责任的domineering adj.专权的(tyrannical, dictatorial)【例】 The domineering father made every decision in his childrens lives.mandatory adj.命令的；强制的(obligatory, compulsory)【例】 Many colleges have mandatory foreign language requirement.licensed adj.被许可的(permi
29、ssive)heirship n.继承权jurisdiction n.司法权arbitration n.调停，仲裁【例】 The matter was sent into arbitration to avoid the costs of a court trial.fine n.罚金【例】 The fine for overtime parking is outrageously high.confiscate vt.没收，充公(seize)【例】 The police confiscated the stolen goods.convict vt.判罪；证明(penalize; prove
30、)【例】 The defendant was convicted of murder.verdict n.判决(decision, judgment)judgment n.判决indemnity n.赔偿imprisonment n.监禁invalidate vt.使作废(nullify)【例】 The making of false statements could result in the invalidation of the contract.imprisonment n.关押captivity n.囚禁，拘留【例】 Zoo animals are kept in captivity
31、.trial n.审判(hearing, inquisition)【例】 The scandal put the president on trial.detain vt.拘留；阻止【例】 Please do not detain me; I am in a hurry.extenuate vt.使(罪过等)显得轻微(diminish, lessen)【例】 “Your money cannot help to extenuate your crime,” said the judge.saddle vt.使负担(burden, load)【例】 The landowner saddled h
32、is tenants with heavy taxes.court n.法庭(bar)【例】 I have to go to court today to give evidence in a trial.bar n.法院(court)authorize vt.授权(empower, permit)【例】 A visa authorizes a person to enter and leave a country.empower vt.授权；使能够【例】 The owner empowered Jane to hire new employees for the store.plea n.恳
33、求(appeal)oath n.誓言；誓约；宣誓(oath, pledge, promise)pledge n.誓言 vt.使发誓(promise, vow)plaintiff n.原告plead v.抗辩；恳求(argue, protest; beg)【例】 “Let me out, please.” The prisoner pleaded to the jail keeper, but in vain.flee v.逃跑，逃离(escape)【例】 When the rain began, we fled for cover.defend vt.辩护【例】 Mary defended h
34、er actions when she was accused of cheating.proscribe vt.禁止(ban, forbid, forestall)【例】 The sale of opium is proscribed by law.forbid vt.禁止(prohibit, prevent)【例】 Chewing gum in class was forbidden.abstinence n.禁戒；节制【例】 Abstinence from fatty foods and smoking can probably lengthen your life.abstain vi
35、.戒绝【例】 Because my cholesterol is high, my doctor told me to abstain from eating fat.ban n.禁令 vt.禁止(prohibit, forbid)【例】 The principal announced a ban on guns at the school.veto n.否决，否决权(rejection)vt.否决，禁止(negate)【例】 As a member of the management board, I have the right to veto.revise vt.修订(amend, em
36、end, edit)【例】 The student revised his paper carefully, following the professors suggestions.verify vt.验证(confirm, substantiate)【例】 Your signature here will verify that you understand the terms of the agreement. / The ambassador verified the report before he called the State Department.deserve vt.应得【
37、例】 After six years in colleges, I think I deserve a good job.stipulate vt.约定，规定(set, specify)【例】 The workerscontract stipulated that they couldnt smoke on the job.testify vt.证明，证实；作证(give evidence, verify)【例】 Her tears testified her grief.testimony n.证言(evidence, affirmation)justify vt.证明是正当的(defend
38、, vindicate)【例】 How can you justify what you did yesterday?substantiate vt.证实(corroborate, verify)【例】 Evidences substantiated that he was the murderer.confirm vt.证实，确认(substantiate, verify)【例】 Please confirm our reservations at the restaurant.affirm vt.证实(assert)assure vt.使确信，向保证(pledge )【例】 The doc
39、tor assured the patient that everything would be all right.evidence n.证据；证人follow v.跟随，遵循(abide by, obey)【例】 If you disregard the doctors orders, a relapse will follow.observe vt.遵守(follow)【例】 All participants of the contest have to observe the rules.observance n.遵守abide vi.遵守(adhere, observe)【例】 He
40、 will abide by his promise if he gives it.accuse vt.控告；归咎(charge)【例】 I accused John of hitting my dog.accusation n.控告【例】 Anne objected to the untrue plaint n.控告；诉苦【例】 The boss had a complaint about Bills tardiness.impeach vt.弹劾；控告(accuse)【例】 The Congress has the right to impeach a president.indictme
41、nt n.起诉(charge, accusation)incriminate vt.控告(accuse);使负罪【例】 He was incriminated of murder.prosecute v.起诉；检举(accuse, charge)【例】 Trespassers will be prosecuted.denounce vt.告发【例】 Jane loudly denounces anyone who litters.lawsuit n.诉讼query n.质问，问题 v.询问(inquiry)【例】 He couldnt bear his wifes daily queries
42、about where he had been and he demanded a divorce.interrogate vt.审问；询问【例】 The police interrogated Sally about the robbery.impunity n.免罚(letoff)【例】 You can not do this with impunity.exempt vt.免除 (prevent, immune) adj.被免除的(excused)【例】 The teacher exempted the smartest students from taking the quiz.con
43、done vt.宽恕，赦免(forgive, pardon)【例】 “I will not condone cheating,” the teacher said.liberate vt.释放(discharge, release)【例】 I liberated the rabbit from its cage.remit vt.赦免【例】 “Remit my sins,” he prayed.release n.释放，让渡，豁免absolve vt.赦免；解除(责任等)(free, emancipate)【例】 The dying man asked the priest to absolv
44、e him of his sins./ Mary was absolved from further responsibility on the project.acquit vt.宣告无罪(exonerate, vindicate)【例】 The court acquitted Max of all charges.abolish vt.废除，取消(abandon, annul, terminate)【例】 If I were the king, I would abolish taxes.term n.条款【例】 Knowing more technical terms gives a t
45、ranslator more advantages.clause n.条款【例】 The sentence had too many clauses in it.bill n.法案【例】 The proposed bill would limit government officialsterms.constitution n.宪法decree n.法令，规定(regulation, order) v.颁布【例】 No one dared ignore the owners firm decree.legislate vi.立法(make law)【例】 It is impossible to
46、 legislate for every contingency.legislation n.立法，法律的制定(或通过)legalize vt.合法化，法律认可(authorize, legitimate)【例】 Some people in China want to legalize the possession of guns.prescribe v.指示，规定(dictate)【例】 The law prescribes what should be done.set vt.规定【例】 The boss set the first day of each month as the re
47、st day.credential n.凭证(reference, certificate)standard n.标准，规格(criteria) adj.标准的(regular)enact vt.制定(法律)(impersonate)【例】 Congress enacted the new crime bill.化学hackneyed adj.陈腐的(mouldy, stale)【例】 The old professors hackneyed style of coaching arouses complaints from among students.caustic adj.腐蚀性的(ab
48、rasive, corrosive)erosion n.腐蚀【例】 Erosion fo the soil made the farmers land less valuable.erode vt.蚀，腐蚀(corrode, wear away)【例】 A constant stream of water eroded the rock mountain.stale adj.陈腐的(smelly, musty, flat)【例】 The stale bread was dry and hard.rot v.腐烂(perish, decay)【例】 The body of the dead wo
49、lf began to rot.rotten adj.腐烂的(decaying, decomposed)【例】 The rotten fruit smelled horrible.decay v.(使)腐败(rot, decompose)【例】 Sugar can cause tooth to decay.corrode v.腐蚀(erode, eat away)【例】 Battery acid corroded the inside of the camera.decomposition n.分解，腐烂rust v.生锈，氧化(oxidize) n.铁锈【例】 An iron plow would get rusted under wet weather. / If you leave your metal tools ouside in the rain, they will rust.silica
