1、汉译英短文翻译1近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。 （102 字）难点注释：1）城市化 urbanization2）加速阶段 an accelerating phase3）错综复杂的问题 some complicated problems4）远非?一所能及 surpass5）重大的经济活动 a major economic pursuit2世界各地有 3,600 万人染上了艾滋病这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球
2、第 4 大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在 7 个非洲国家中，巧岁至 49 岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到 20以上。 （119 字）难点注释：1）染上艾滋病 suffer from AIDS2）头号罪魁 the chief culprit3）使丧失 deprive of4）艾滋病病毒感染者 people infected with HIV 3当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002 年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为 200 万台，国内产量仅满足了约 30%的需求，进口机占据市场的
3、主导地位。 （89 字）难点注释：1）传真机 fax machines2）通讯终端设备 telecommunications terminal equipment3）占主导地位 dominate42000 年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的 510 万台，而 1999 年只有 310 万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单：成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。 （124 字）难点注释：1）数码相机 digital camera2）可反复使用的存储卡 reusable memo
4、叮 cards3）按快门 press the shutter4）液晶显示屏 the LCD screen5由于历史、政治和经济上的原因，全世界讲英语、用英语的人为数最多。但是英语之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英语自身的一些特性和特点不无相关。其中最重要的一点就是英语特别容易接受和适应英语中的词汇吸收了全世界几乎所有主要语言的材料。 （113 字）难点注释：1）流行 popularity2)自身特性和特点 qualities and characteristics in itself3）不无相关 have to do with4）容易接受和适应 receptive and adapt
5、able 5）吸收 take into6多年来，家长和老师都曾得到过这样一种信息：尽量利用任何机会表扬孩子，对他们所干的任何事情都要说好据说这样做有助于提高孩子的自尊。但是近年来许多教育家和儿童心理学家正在得出一种完全相反的结论，他们认为对孩子往往少一些赞扬为好。 （113字）难点注释：1）得到信息 get the message2）尽量利用任何 at almost any opportunity3）自尊 self-esteem4）儿童心理学家 child psychologist5）得出完全相反的结论 drawing a completely different conclusion7会议期
6、间，有 3 个问题受到了特别重视，它们是：加强和巩固农业在国民经济中的地位和作用，提高农民收人；调整和改进产业结构，改进和加快区域性经济发展；努力工作，加快下岗工人就业和再就业步伐，改善社会保障制度。 （100 字）难点注释：1）受到特别重视 be highlighted for special attention2）加强和巩固 consolidate and strengthen3）调整和改进 readjust and optimize4）区域性经济 regional economies5）下岗工人 laid-off workers8当今世界的竞争是人才的竞争。因此，党中央决定从海外我们的留
7、学生中，从香港、澳门、台湾吸收和利用人才来加强我们在世界上的竞争能力。引进这些人才的重点是那些开放程度越来越大、竞争越来越激烈的部门，比如说银行、保险等行业，以及国有大型企业的管理层。 （120 字）难点注释：1）人才 talented professionals.2）海外留学生 overseas students3）吸收和利用人才 absorb and make use of4）引进人才 introduce talented people from outside5）银行、保险业 banking，insurance industry6）国有大型企业 large state-owned ent
8、erprise9我们中国是世界上最大的国家之一，它的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。在这个广大的领土之上，有广大的肥田沃地给我们以衣食之源；有纵横全国的大小山脉，生长了广大的森林，贮藏了丰富的矿产；有很多的江河湖泽，给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很长的海岸线，给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。 （136 字）难点注释：1）广大的肥田沃地 large areas of fertile land2)给我们以衣食之源 provide us with food and clothing3）纵横全国的大小山脉 mountain ranges across its len 妙 and breadth4）广大的森林
9、，丰富的矿产 with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits5）给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利 provide us with water transport and irrigation6）交通海外各民族的方便 facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas10温哥华的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族团体所作的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足 3000 万。温哥华则是加拿大最大的多民族城市。现今的 180 万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，而平均每 4
10、 个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。 （120 字）难点注释：1）温哥华 Vancouver2）多民族团体 multi-ethnic groups3）智慧和勤奋的结晶 a crystallization of the wisdom and diligence，此处可根据上下文进行转换调整：the prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people4）地广人稀 a vast，under-populated country5）不是本地出生的 not born locally11人体是由各种类型的细胞构成的，这些细胞多达 50
11、 万亿，它们之间相互联系，相互依赖。如果丧失其中的某些细胞，比如说失去构成整条腿的细胞，将会严重影响其余所有肌体组织；而像心脏或肾脏之类的器官，哪怕相对较少的细胞受到严重损害，也可能会最终导致所有 50 万亿细胞的死亡。 （128 字）难点注释：1）万亿 trillion2）相互联系，相互依赖 interrelated and interdependent3）影响其余的所有肌体组织 handic 即 all the rest of the organism4）最终导致 end by.，lead to.l2不同的篇章、体裁在直译与意译的趋向程度上往往有所不同。一般来说，文献类和新闻报道的翻译多采
12、用直译，因为翻译这类文献关键在于译文的准确性；而对诗歌散文、戏剧电影、小说传记等以情动人的作品，翻译时应多采用意译，以充分再现原文的意境情趣。（115 字）难点注释：1）直译与意译 literal translation and free translation2）不同程度地 to some extent3）多采用 be preferable to（something ）4）文献 literatures，documents5）关键在于 the crux lies in6）以情动人的作品 emotional works7）原文的意境情趣 the right mood and flavor of
13、the original works13从 20 世纪中叶到 21 世纪中叶的一百年间，中国人民的一切奋斗，则是为了实现祖国的富强、人民的富裕和民族的伟大复兴。这个历史伟业，我们党领导全国人民已经奋斗了五十年，取得了巨大的进展，再经过五十年的奋斗，也必将胜利完成。 （105 字）难点注释：1）20 世纪中叶 the mid-20th century2）奋斗 endeavor3）民族的伟大复兴 the nation immensely rejuvenated4）历史伟业 historic cause14中国的体育运动经历了几千年的发展，但直到 1949 年中华人民共和国成立后才成为国家的事业。目
14、前，一个全国范围的体育运动网已经建立起来，这方面的开支也被列人国家预算之中。在过去的五十年中，由于体育工作者和体育运动员的共同努力，我国的体育运动取得了可喜的成绩。 （123 字）难点注释：1）经历 undergo2）国家的事业 an undertaking of the state3）体育运动网 network for physical culture4）列人国家预算 include in the state budget5）可喜的成绩 gratifying achievement15展望新世纪初的国内外形势，未来五到十年，是我国经济和社会发展极为重要的时期。世界新科技革命迅猛发展，经济全球
15、化趋势增强，许多周边国家正在加快发展。所有这些既对我们提出了严峻挑战，也为我们提供了迎头赶上、实现跨越式发展的历史性机遇。（127 字）难点注释：1）极为重要的时期 an extremely important period2）全球化趋势 the economic globalization trend3）周边国家 neighboring countries4）严峻挑战 severe challenge 5）跨越式发展 development by leaps and bounds16森林给人提供木材，还能调节气候、保持水土、防风固沙、改善水质、防烟防尘、消毒杀菌、减少噪声、美化环境、维持及改
16、善生态平衡。如果没有绿色植物不断制造氧气和吸收有害的气体，人类就无法生存。人们的健康与空气的优劣有关，而空气的优劣又与森林的多少有关。 （122 字）难点注释：1）调节气候 regulate climate2）保持水土 conserve water and soil3）防风固沙 wall off wind，fix sands4）消毒杀菌 sterilize（purify）the air5）生态平衡 ecological balance17许多树木都能吸收空气中的有害物质和致癌物质。林区空气中的细菌数量只有无林区的百分之一，而百货商店内每立方米空气中则含有四百多万个细菌。绿化区可以使噪音减弱四分
17、之一左右。森林上空和附近的空气的含水量比无林地区多百分之十至二十。 （112 字）难点注释：1）致癌物质 cancer-causing substances2）每立方米 per cubic meter3）含水量 moisture content18到 2020 年，全世界癌症的发病率有可能增加 50 个百分点，每年可能将出现 1500 万新病例。世界健康组织全球癌症报告指出，如果不采取积极的预防措施，这样的趋势将无法避免。因为这是从已经形成的生活习惯例如抽烟滋生出来的。 （101 字）难点注释：1） 癌症的发病率 cancer rate 2）世界健康组织 The World Health Or
18、ganization3）无法避免 inevitable19生物学家发现，每年有 10 万多只信天翁被渔船杀死。如果不采取紧急措施，几十年之后，大部分的信天翁种类都会灭绝。信天翁有极强的耐力和航海能力，能够绕地球飞行几圈而不着陆。它们一生的行程约有一千多万英里，相当于往返地球与月球之间 50 次。 （112字）难点注释：1）信天翁 albatross2）紧急措施 urgent action3）灭绝 extinguish，be wiped out4）耐力 endurance20据研究人员统计，接下来的几十年，欧洲人口将持续减少。目前欧盟国家的妇女平均生 1.5 个孩子，而为了保持人口替代率，每个妇
19、女至少要生两个孩子。即便从现在开始妇女增加生育数量，人口减少的趋势仍将持续几十年，因为他们的下一代中愿意成为父母的人比这一代的要少。 （122 字）难点注释：1）持续减少 continue to decline2）替代率 replacement rate3）人口减少的趋势 the tendency to population decline答案1In recent years，urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase. Amidst magnificent achievements，there have emerg
20、ed some complicated problems. The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate，on such a large scale，with such enormous capital，in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before. Virtually，building construction has
21、 today become a major economic pursuit in China.2Throughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS，which is more than the whole population of Australia. At present，AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world，and the chief culprit in Africa. In Africa，it deprives jobs of
22、 the workers，families of incomings and children of their parents. In seven African countries，more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV.3In todays China，fax machines have been widely used as a popular and important modern telecommunications terminal equipment. Acco
23、rding to a study，in 2002，China needed about 2 million fax machines，but the country only satisfied about 30% of the demand with the market dominated by the imported ones.4Digital cameras sold an astonishing 51 million throughout the US in 2000，up from 31 million in 1999. These cameras are getting pop
24、ular for a good and simple reason：they take better pictures for less money. Digital cameras have always offered convenience. You dont have to buy films because all your images are saved on reusable memory cards. Press the shutter and you can review your shot immediately on the LCD screen.5The Englis
25、h language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical，political，and economic reasons. But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself. First and most important is its extraordinarily r
26、eceptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world.6For years，parents and teachers got the message that children should be praised at almost any opportunity，that saying“good job”for everything they do，as they believe，helps raise th
27、eir self-esteem. But many educators and child psychologists are drawing a completely different conclusion：less praise is often better for their children.7During the meeting，three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next. They are：consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role o
28、f agriculture in the national economy and increase farmers income；readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies；work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers，and improve the social security network 8In today
29、s world，competition among states is mainly a competition among talented professionals. Therefore，it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan. This will
30、help us strengthen our competitive edge. The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and that are open wider to the outsider world，such as banking，insurance industry，large state-owned enterprises，etc.9China is one of
31、 the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many
32、 rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.10Vancouvers prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people living in Vancouver，including the contribution made by multi-ethnic
33、 groups. Canada is a vast，under-populated country with a land area larger than that of China and a population of less than 30 million and Vancouver is the largest multi-ethnic city in the country. Among its 18 million residents，half were not born locally and there is on an average one Asian out of f
34、our residents.11A man body is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types，all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells，such as those making up an entire leg，will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism，and serious damage to a relatively few cells in an organ， such
35、 as the heart or kidneys，may end by killing all 50 trillion.12Different discourses or styles tend to focus on different stresses so，to some extent，need different translating ways. Generally speaking，literal translation is preferable to free translation in translating literatures，for the crux of thes
36、e literatures lies in accuracy. On the other hand，free translation is more suitable than literal translation in translating some emotional works such as poetry， prose，drama，film，novels，autobiography，etc ，so as to reproduce the right mood and flavor of the original works.13All endeavors by the Chines
37、e people for the 100 years from the mid-20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our motherland strong，the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvenated. Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous pr
38、ogress，and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years.14Chinas sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But they were not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949，when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. Now a nation-wide n
39、etwork for physical culture has been set up and expenditure on this field has been included in the state budget. With the concerted efforts of sports workers and athletes，gratifying achievements have been made in physical culture and sports in the past 50 years.15Looking ahead at the situation at ho
40、me and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century，it can be said that the next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for Chinas economic and social development. The worldwide new scientific and technological revolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum. The economic globa
41、lization trend is gaining strength. Many neighboring countries are accelerating their development. All this serves as a severe challenge as well as a historic opportunity for us to strive to catch up and achieve development by leaps and bounds.16Apart from providing people with timber，forests help r
42、egulate climate，conserve water and soil，wall off wind，fix sands，improve water quality，keep away smoke and dust，sterilize（purify ）the air，reduce noise，beautify surroundings，maintain and improve ecological balance. Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harm
43、ful gases all the time. Mans health is closely related to the quality of the air， which in turn is decided by the size（extent）of forests.17Many kinds of trees can absorb poisonous and cancer-causing substances in the air. The amount of bacteria in a forest area makes up but 1of that in a deforested
44、area，while the air in a department store contains more than 4 million bacteria per cubic meter. A tree-covered area may reduce noise by a quarter. Moisture content in the air above or around a forest is 10%-20% more than that of the places devoid of forest.18Cancer rates worldwide could increase by
45、50 percent by 2020，reaching 15 million new cases a year. The World Health Organizations World Cancer Report says that if no preventive measures are taken increases of this order are inevitable because they stem from habits-such as smoking-that are already established.19Biologists have discovered tha
46、t fishing fleets are eliminating more than 100, 000 albatrosses every year. In a couple of decades most species will be wiped out unless urgent action is taken. Albatrosses are capable of astonishing feats of endurance and navigation，and can fly round the world several times without stopping on land
47、. During their lives，they fly more than 10 million miles，the equivalent of 50 return trips to the moon.20According to researchers estimate，Europes population will continue to decline for decades. At present 1 5 babies are born for every European Union woman，when two births are required for the population“replacement rate”to be maintained. Even if women started to have more children again，the tendency to population decline would continue for decades，as there will be fewer parents in the next generation than in this one.
