1、第 1 页，共 10 页英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化京剧 Peking opera 秦腔 Qin opera 功夫 Kungfo 太极 Tai Chi 口 技 ventriloquism 木偶戏 puppet show 皮影戏 shadowplay 折子戏 opera highlights 杂技 acrobatics 相声 witty dialogue comedy 刺绣 embroidery 苏绣 Suzhou embroidery 泥人 clay figure 书法 calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting 水墨画 Chinese
2、brush painting 中国结 Chinese knot中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder 印刷术 printing 造纸术 paper-making 指南针 the compass 青铜器 bronze ware 瓷器 porcelain; china唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝 cloisonne秋千 swing武术 martial arts儒家思想 Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture
3、道教 Taoism墨家 Mohism法家 Legalism佛教 Buddhism孔子 Confucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu庄子 Chuang Tzu墨子 Mo Tzu孙子 Sun Tzu象形文字 pictographic characters文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)大学The Great Learning中庸The Doctrine of the Mean第 2 页，共 10 页论语The Analects of Confucius孟
4、子The Mencius孙子兵法The Art of War三国演义Three Kingdoms西游爷己Journey to the West红楼梦Dream of the Red Mansions水浒传Heroes of the Marshes山海经The Classic of Mountains and Rivers资治通鉴History as a Mirror春秋The Spring and Autumn Annals史记Historical Records诗经The Book of Songs易经The I Ching; The Book of Changes礼记The Book of
5、 Rites三字经Three-character Scriptures八股文 eight-part essay五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave旗袍 cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 Tang suit风水 Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历 Solar calendar 阴历 Lunar calendar 闰年 leap year 十二生肖 zodiac 春节 the Spring Festival 元宵节 the Lantern Festival清明节 the
6、Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节 the Double-ninth Day 七夕节 the Double-seventh Day 春联 spring couplets 庙会 temple fair 爆竹 firecracker年画（traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱 New Year gift-money舞龙 dragon dance元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯 festival lantern灯谜 lante
7、rn riddle舞狮 lion dance踩高跷 stilt walking赛龙舟 dragon boat race胡同 hutong第 3 页，共 10 页山东菜 Shandong cuisine 川菜 Sichuan cuisine 粤菜 Canton cuisine 扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine 月饼 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油条 deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭 Be
8、ijing roast duck 拉面 hand-stretched noodles 馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 烧饼 clay oven rolls 皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg 蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg 糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks 火锅 hot pot长城 the Great Wall of China 烽火台 beacon tower秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihua
9、ng兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路 the Silk Road敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs五台山“Wutai Mountain九华山 Jiuhua Mountain蛾眉山 Mount Emei泰山 Mount Tai黄山 Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain 故宫 the Imperial Palace天坛 the Temple of Heaven 午门 Meridian Gate大运河 Grand Can
10、al护城河 the Moat回音壁 Echo Wall居庸关 Juyongguan Pass九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi十三陵 the Ming Tombs苏州园林 Suzhou gardens西湖 West Lake第 4 页，共 10 页九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley日月潭 Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫 Potala Palace鼓楼 drum tower四合院 quadrangle; courtyard complex孔庙 Confucius Temple乐山大佛 Leshan
11、Giant Buddha十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha喇嘛 Lama英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会多元文化论 cultural pluralism 文化适应 acculturation 社会保障 social security 班车 shuttle bus相定迁户 a relocated unit or household 大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女 the only child in a family 单亲 single parent 福利彩票 welfa
12、re lotteries 家政服务 household management service 民工 migrant laborers 名人 celebrity农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers 青春期 puberty全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign 全国人口普查 nationwide census 社会保险 social insurance 暂住证 temporary residence permit/card 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency 性骚扰 sexual harassment 走私 smu
13、ggling*性别歧视 gender/sexual discrimination 年龄歧视 age discrimination 工作歧视 job discrimination 享乐主义 hedonism 文盲 illiteracy贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版 pirated/illegal copies 一国两制 One Country, Two Systems 三个代表 the Three Represents Theory 两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)南南合作 South
14、-South Cooperation南北对话 North-South Dialog第 5 页，共 10 页人大常委会 Peoples Congress Standing Committee法制观念 awareness of law法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system改革开放 reform and opening-up公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work 和谐并存 harmonious coexistence 计划生育 family planning计划生育基本国策 th
15、e basic state policy of family planning4 青才申文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization 居委会 neighborhood committee科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展 sustainable development 廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency 两岸关系 cross-straits relations 两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations 领
16、 土完整 territorial integrity 民族精神 national spirit 普选制 general election system求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences 人大代表 NPC member物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization小康社会 a well-off society小康水平 a well-off standard一个中国原则 the one-China principle与时俱进 keep pace with the times综合国力 ove
17、rall national strength共同愿望 common desire“走出去” （战略）going global不结盟 non-alignment单边主义 unilateralism多边政策 multilateralism多极世界 multipolar world人 口 老龄化 aging of population人口出生率 birth rate社区月服务 community service道德法庭 court of ethics盗用公款 embezzlement成人夜校 night school for adults在职进修班 on-job training courses政治
18、思想教育 political and ideological education毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate充电 update ones knowledge初等教育 elementary education大学城 college town大学社区 college community第 6 页，共 10 页高等教育 higher education高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education高等学府 institution of higher education综合性大
19、学 comprehensive university文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering师范学院 teachers college; normal college高分低能 high scores and low abilities高考(university/college) entrance examination高校扩招 the college expansion plan教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education九年
20、义务教育 nine-year compulsory education考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools课外活动 extracurricular activities必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 r
21、ecord of formal schooling 学分 credit启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange 人才战 competition for talented people 商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC) 适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：
22、中国经济总需求 aggregate demand 总供给 aggregate supply 企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司 cross-national corporation 创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise猎头公司 head-hunter 假日经济 holiday economy 人力资本 human capital 航空和航天工业
23、aerospace industry 第 7 页，共 10 页飞机制造工业 aircraft industry 电子工业 electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry 娱乐业 entertainment industry 信息产业 information industry 知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业 light industry 博彩业 lottery industry 制造业 manufactur
24、ing industry 垄断行业 monopoly industries 市场多元化 market diversification 市场经济 market economy 市场监管 market supervision 购买力 purchasing power 熊市 bear market 牛市 bull market 城镇化 urbanization 房地产 real estate 首付 down-payment 业主 home owner个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 经济全球化 economic globalization 经济特区 special eco
25、nomic zones (SEZ)经济增长 economic growth 泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税 tariff纳税人 tax payer 宏观经济 macro economy 货币投放量 the size of money supply 流动性过剩 excess liquidity 经济过热 overheated economy 通货膨胀 inflation 抑制通货膨胀 curb inflation 注入流动性 to inject liquidity 贴现率 discount rate存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR)公开市场
26、业务 open market operation (OMO)逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo 引导降低市场借贷成本 to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 稳健的货币政策 prudent monetary policy 微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy硬着陆 hard landing 软着陆 soft landing 二十国集团 Group of Twenty (G2O)财政部长 Finance Minister全年预期经济增长目标
27、 the expected growth target for the whole year 第 8 页，共 10 页经济活力 economic vitality大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package 结构改革 structural reform硬资产 hard assets 软资产 soft assets 有形资产 tangible assets 经济走廊 economic corridor 整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order 反垄断 antitrust; anti-monopoly 定价浮动 price
28、fluctuations 谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit 债务审计 audit of debt地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability 公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system债务管理 debt management 信用支持 credit support英语四级翻译中的基本句型：1. 否定句型1) 部分否定: all/ every/ both/ always etc. + not2) 完全否定: no/ none/ nobody/ nothing/ nowhere/ neit
29、her/ never etc. + 谓语3) 双重否定: S + cannot + refrain from/ help + doing;忍不住, 控制/ 抑制不住.S + cannot + but/ choose but/ help but + do ; 不得不, 只好.There be no + S + but + 谓语. Eg. There is no rule but has its exceptions.2. 判断句型: 1) 强调判断句: S + be + no/ none + other than + 表语 -不是别的, 正是 .;Nothing but/ other than
30、;It is . that .2) 正反判断句: not A but B; not that but that .; not because ., but because .3) 比较判断句: more A than B; less B than A; A rather than B; not so much A as BEg. It wasnt so much the clothes as the man himself who impressed us immediately.立刻给我们以深刻印象的与其说是衣服还不如说是这人本身.3.倍数表示句型1) S + be/ v. + 倍数 + t
31、hat of 被比较的对象;+ n.+ as + adj./ adv./ n. + as .;+ 比较级 + than Eg. China is twenty times the size of Japan. This year our factory has turned out three times as many bicycles as it did 10 years ago. 第 9 页，共 10 页 The floor space of the new building is twice that of the old one. The yield of wheat in 1996
32、 was four times greater than that of 1966. Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need. 4.比较句型: as . as; more/ less than. No more/ less than .; Would rather / sooner do A than do B5. 程度句型: so/ such + that clause; so/ such as to do ; too . to do 6. 倒装让步句型: as 表示 “虽然, 尽管” 时, 用倒装结构. 表语 +
33、as + S + be, + 主句; 副词/ 动词 + as + S , + 主句Eg. Child/ Young as he is, he knows much bout the world. Try as we might, we could not accomplish it.7. 作形式主语的常见句型: It is adj./ vi./ n./ done that Eg. Its possible/ It turns out/ Its a pity/ Its said that .虚拟语气：在英语四级汉译英考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式： （一）：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子(1
34、). 与现在的事实相反：If - + were/did-, - + would do-If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。(2). 与过去的事实相反：If - + had done-, - +would have done-If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。(3). 与将来的事实可能相反：If -+ should do-, -+ would do- If it should rain tomorrow , what would y
35、ou do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办? （二）用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中 从句谓语形式为：“-(should ) + do sth”(在美语中 should 常省去) 。 第 10 页，共 10 页类似用法的动词有： insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐
36、) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡 ) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。（三）用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , im
37、proper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及 insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that -”结构中的 that 引导的主语从句中（四）用在 It is time that - 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。 It is time (that) we went to bed .咱们该睡觉了。 注意: time 前可加 about (表示 “大约”) 或 high(表示“强调 ”) 等。
