1、第二讲 英语语法填空解题方法与技巧1. 通读全文，把握大意。既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。2. 结合语境，试填空格。读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说，可按设题类型分为三类情况：(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。(2)给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是
2、谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用ing 形式、ed 形式，还是用不定式形式，(3)、词类转换题的解题技巧根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：技巧 1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：例 1 The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big
3、blue eyes.例 2 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to技巧 2：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。如：例 3 These people have made great _39_ (contribute) to China with their work.例 4 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_ (inform) in the reading 技巧 3：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(
4、+形容词 )”后，用名词形式。如：例 5 It is difficult to find out the (similar) between the two countries.例 6 With his _ (patient), I made great progress in English.技巧 4：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：例 7 As I looked _32_ (close) at this girl, I fount that例 8 There must be something _40_ (serious) wrong with our soci
5、ety.技巧 5：括号中所给动词不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：例 9there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _34_ (attract)例 10The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _36_ (hard) and finally made himself out3. 重读全文，解决难题。在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细
6、推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。专项练习1. He has a sense of (humorous).2. Recent (study) show that smoking is bad to our health.3. Thats a good (suggest).4. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed out them with (patient).6. When she was in Paris, she developed a (tasty) for fine art.7. This is
7、 what is happening in our (life).8. My mother would sit by the window, watching the falling (leaf) from the trees.9. Dogs can offer （protect ）from thieves.10. While there are amazing stories of immediate change, for most of us, the (change) are little by little and require a lot of efforts.11. -How
8、can I take the medicine?- Just follow the (instruct).12. Young people make their parents angry with their (choose) in clothes and music.13. To their (amaze), the car had been returned.14. After the (dead) of Qu Yuan, people went to Miluo River to mourn over the great poet they loved so much.15. Coll
9、ege students are (grown-up) and its their rights to choose the way to live.阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或用括号中的词语的适当形式填空：A proverb says, “Time is money”. But in my opinion, time is even 1 precious than money. Why? _2_ when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is _3_, it will never return._4
10、_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in _6_ future.But it is a pity that there are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value of time. They _8_their precious time smoking, drinking and playing.I
11、n a word, we should form the good habit of _9_ (save) time. Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow.1. 根据语法知识进行填充第 1 题，由 than 可知，precious 要用比较级，多音节形容词的比较级在前面加 more，故此题答案为 more。第 7 题，因 there are是个句子，do not应是一个定语从句，缺主语，先行词是人，应填 who。2. 根据逻辑关系进行填充就是根据上下文的逻辑关系来解题。第 2 题，因前句用 Why 提问，应当用 Because
12、 来回答，故此题答案是 Because。3. 根据语篇标志进行填充语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有 first, second, third, finally 等；表示逻辑关系的有 thus，therefore，so 等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有 however, but, by the way 等。 “语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。第 3 题，由表示转折的 However 可知，是指当时间失去的时候，表示“失去”是 gone。第 5 题，由表示结果的 Theref
13、ore 可知，应充分利用时间，故用形容词 full 或 good 来修饰名词 use。4. 根据固定词组进行填充熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如 as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulate.on., devote.to., earn ones living, keep ones word, make up ones mind 等，对解题很有帮助。第 6 题，表示“在将来”是固定词组 in the future。5. 根据句型搭配进行填充就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如 so/such.that., it is.(fo
14、r sb.) to do sth., there is no doubt that., there is no sense in doing sth.等来解题。第 4 题，做形式主语，用 It，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。6. 根据词汇知识进行填充指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词的-ing 形式做宾语的动词，只能接 to do 做宾语的动词，接 to do 做补语的动词，接 do 做补语的动词，接 doing 或 done 做补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等。第 8 题，由 time smoking 可想到是 spend/wast
15、e time (in) doing 句型，这是由 spend/waste 的用法所决定的；这里是一般现在时，主语是复数，填 spend 或 waste。第 9 题，因 of 是介词，介词后的动词通常要用 -ing 形式，故填 saving。7. 根据生活常识进行填充第 10 题，结合生活常识，不难理解句意为“不要把今天能做的事推迟到明天去做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的 until/till。阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或用括号中的词语的适当形式填空：A proverb says, “Time is money”. But in my opinion, time is even 1
16、precious than money. Why? _2_ when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is _3_, it will never return._4_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in _6_ future.But it is a pity that t
17、here are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value of time. They _8_their precious time smoking, drinking and playing.In a word, we should form the good habit of _9_ (save) time. Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow.1._artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women 2._any
18、clothes on, and he and his 3._always tried to keep the small girl out 4._he was doing this, “She is 5._young to understand,” they said. But one day, when the artist 6._（paint）a woman with no clothes on, he forgot to lock the door, and the girl suddenly ran into the room. He mother ran up the stairs
19、7._her, but when she got to the room, the little girl was already in the room and looking at the woman 8._her parents waited for her to speak. For a few seconds the little girl said 9._, but then she ran to her mother and said 10._（angry）, “Why do you let her go about without shoes and socks on when
20、 you dont let me?” With the 1._ （develop）of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because 2._ air pollution.Air pollution is caused by the following 3._ (reason): about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There ar
21、e more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off 4._（poison）gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. Smoking not only does harm to their health 5._ also to others. 6._ these, about 10%of air pollution is caused by other reasons.We should take some measures to fight 7._ pollution. New fuel can be used to take 8._ place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the 9._（important ）of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will 10._ （solve）.
