1、1,Data Mining: Opportunities and Challenges,Xindong Wu University of Vermont, USA;Hefei University of Technology, China(合肥工业大学计算机应用长江学者讲座教授),2,Deduction Induction: My Research Background,3,Outline,Data Mining OpportunitiesMajor Conferences and Journals in Data MiningMain Topics in Data Mining Some R
2、esearch Directions in Data Mining10 Challenging Problems in Data Mining Research,4,What Is Data Mining?,The discovery of knowledge (in the form of rules, trees, frequent patterns etc.) from large volumes of dataA hot field: 15 “data mining” conferences in 2003, including KDD, ICDM, SDM, IDA, PKDD an
3、d PAKDD excluding IJCAI, COMPSTAT, SIGMOD and other more general conferences that also publish data mining papers.,5,Main Activities in Data Mining: Conferences,The birth of data mining/KDD: 1989 IJCAI Workshop on Knowledge Discovery in Databases 1991-1994 Workshops on Knowledge Discovery in Databas
4、es1995 date: International Conferences on Knowledge Discovery in Databases and Data Mining (KDD)2001 date: IEEE ICDM and SIAM-DM (SDM)Several regional conferences, incl. PAKDD (since 1997) & PKDD (since 1997).,6,Data Mining: Major Journals,Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (DMKD, since 1997)Knowle
5、dge and Information Systems (KAIS, since 1999)IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE)Many others, incl. TPAMI, ML, IDA, ,7,ACM KDD vs. IEEE ICDM,8,Main Topics in Data Mining,Association analysis (frequent patterns)Classification (trees, Bayesian methods, etc) Clustering and outlie
6、r analysisSequential and spatial patterns, and time-series analysisText and Web miningData visualization and visual data mining.,9,Some Research Directions,Web mining (incl. Web structures, usage analysis, authoritative pages, and document classification)Intelligent data analysis in BioinformaticsMi
7、ning with data streams (in continuous, real-time, dynamic data environments)Integrated, intelligent data mining environments and tools (incl. induction, deduction, and heuristic computation).,10,Outline,Data Mining OpportunitiesMajor Conferences and Journals in Data MiningMain Topics in Data Mining
8、Some Research Directions in Data Mining10 Challenging Problems in Data Mining Research,11,10 Challenging Problems in Data Mining Research,Joint Efforts with Qiang Yang (Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. Hefei University of Technology, China),12,Why “Most Challenging Problems”?,What are the 10 most challenging
9、 problems in data mining, today?Different people have different views, a function of time as wellWhat do the experts think?Experts we consulted: Previous organizers of IEEE ICDM and ACM KDDWe asked them to list their 10 problems (requests sent out in Oct 05, and replies Obtained in Nov 05)Replies Ed
10、ited into an article: hopefully be useful for young researchersNot in any particular importance order,13,1. Developing a Unifying Theory of Data Mining,The current state of the art of data-mining research is too ad-hoc“techniques are designed for individual problemsno unifying theoryNeeds unifying r
11、esearchExploration vs explanationLong standing theoretical issuesHow to avoid spurious correlations?Deep research.Knowledge discovery on hidden causes?Similar to discovery of Newtons Law?,An Example (from Tutorial Slides by Andrew Moore):VC dimension. If youve got a learning algorithm in one hand an
12、d a dataset in the other hand, to what extent can you decide whether the learning algorithm is in danger of overfitting or underfitting?formal analysis into the fascinating question of how overfitting can happen, estimating how well an algorithm will perform on future data that is solely based on it
13、s training set error, a property (VC dimension) of the learning algorithm. VC-dimension thus gives an alternative to cross-validation, called Structural Risk Minimization (SRM), for choosing classifiers. CV,SRM, AIC and BIC.,14,2. Scaling Up for High Dimensional Data and High Speed Streams,Scaling u
14、p is neededultra-high dimensional classification problems (millions or billions of features, e.g., bio data)Ultra-high speed data streamsStreams.continuous, online processe.g. how to monitor network packets for intruders?concept drift and environment drift?RFID network and sensor network data,Excerp
15、t from Jian Peis Tutorialhttp:/www.cs.sfu.ca/jpei/,15,3. Sequential and Time Series Data,How to efficiently and accurately cluster, classify and predict the trends ?Time series data used for predictions are contaminated by noise.How to do accurate short-term and long-term predictions?Signal processi
16、ng techniques introduce lags in the filtered data, which reduces accuracyKey in source selection, domain knowledge in rules, and optimization methods,Real time series data obtained fromwireless sensors in Hong Kong USTCS department hallway,16,4. Mining Complex Knowledge from Complex Data,Mining grap
17、hsData that are not i.i.d. (independent and identically distributed)many objects are not independent of each other, and are not of a single type. mine the rich structure of relations among objects, E.g.: interlinked Web pages, social networks, metabolic networks in the cellIntegration of data mining
18、 and knowledge inference The biggest gap: unable to relate the results of mining to the real-world decisions they affect - all they can do is hand the results back to the userMore research on interestingness of knowledge.,Citation (Paper 2),Author (Paper1),Title,Conference Name,17,5. Data Mining in
19、a Network Setting,Community and Social NetworksLinked data between emails, Web pages, blogs, citations, sequences and peopleStatic and dynamic structural behaviorMining in and for Computer Networks.detect anomalies (e.g., sudden traffic spikes due to a DoS (Denial of Service) attackNeed to handle 10
20、Gig Ethernet links (a) detect (b) trace back (c ) drop packet,Picture from Matthew Pirrettis slides, Penn StateAn Example of packet streams (data courtesy of NCSA, UIUC),18,6. Distributed Data Mining and Mining Multi-agent Data,Need to correlate the data seen at the various probes (such as in a sens
21、or network)Adversary data mining: deliberately manipulate the data to sabotage them (e.g., make them produce false negatives)Game theory may be needed for help.,Games,Player 1:miner,Player 2,Action: H,H,H,T,T,T,(-1,1),(-1,1),(1,-1),(1,-1),Outcome,19,7. Data Mining for Biological and Environmental Pr
22、oblems,New problems raise new questionsLarge scale problems especially soBiological data mining, such as HIV vaccine designDNA, chemical properties, 3D structures, and functional properties need to be fused Environmental data miningMining for solving the energy crisis.,20,8. Data-mining-Process Rela
23、ted Problems,How to automate mining process?the composition of data mining operationsData cleaning, with logging capabilitiesVisualization and mining automation.,Need a methodology: help users avoid many data mining mistakesWhat is a canonical set of data mining operations?,Sampling,Feature Sel,Mini
24、ng,21,9. Security, Privacy and Data Integrity,How to ensure the users privacy while their data are being mined?How to do data mining for protection of security and privacy?Knowledge integrity assessment. Data are intentionally modified from their original version, in order to misinform the recipient
25、s or for privacy and securityDevelopment of measures to evaluate the knowledge integrity of a collection of DataKnowledge and patterns,http:/www.cdt.org/privacy/,Headlines (Nov 21 2005)Senate Panel Approves Data Security Bill - The Senate Judiciary Committee on Thursday passed legislation designed t
26、o protect consumers against data security failures by, among other things, requiring companies to notify consumers when their personal information has been compromised. While several other committees in both the House and Senate have their own versions of data security legislation, S. 1789 breaks ne
27、w ground by including provisions permitting consumers to access their personal files ,22,10. Dealing with Non-static, Unbalanced and Cost-sensitive Data,The UCI datasets are small and not highly unbalancedReal world data are large (105 features) but only 1% of the useful classes (+ve)There is much i
28、nformation on costs and benefits, but no overall model of profit and lossData may evolve with a bias introduced by sampling.,Each test incurs a cost Data extremely unbalanced Data change with time,23,10 Challenging Problems: Summary,Developing a Unifying Theory of Data Mining Scaling Up for High Dim
29、ensional Data/High Speed Streams Mining Sequence Data and Time Series Data Mining Complex Knowledge from Complex Data Data Mining in a Network Setting Distributed Data Mining and Mining Multi-agent DataData Mining for Biological and Environmental Problems Data-Mining-Process Related Problems Securit
30、y, Privacy and Data Integrity Dealing with Non-static, Unbalanced and Cost-sensitive Data,24,Contributors,Pedro Domingos, Charles Elkan, Johannes Gehrke, Jiawei Han, David Heckerman, Daniel Keim, Jiming Liu, David Madigan, Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro, Vijay V. Raghavan and associates, Rajeev Rastogi, Salvatore J. Stolfo, Alexander Tuzhilin, and Benjamin W. Wah,
