1、 英语 （ 二 ）试题 第 页 （共 10 页） 1 2017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语 （ 二 ） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no d
2、ifferent, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not
3、mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of America
4、ns who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is
5、why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed
6、with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in
7、Galway. These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard days work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I dont have to work, I migh
8、t feel rather different” perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1 A boasting B denying C warning D ensuring 【 答案 】 C warning 英语 （ 二 ）试题 第 页 （共 10 页） 2 2 A inequality B instability C unreliability D uncertainty 【 答
9、案 】 A inequality 3 A policy Bguideline C resolution D prediction 【 答案 】 D prediction 4 A characterized Bdivided C balanced Dmeasured 【 答案 】 A characterized 5 A wisdom B meaning C glory D freedom 【 答案 】 B meaning 6 A Instead B Indeed C Thus D Nevertheless 【 答案 】 B Indeed 7 A rich B urban Cworking D e
10、ducated 【 答案 】 C working 8 A explanation B requirement C compensation D substitute 【 答案 】 A explanation 9 A under B beyond C alongside D among 【 答案 】 D among 10 A leave behind B make up C worry about D set aside 【 答案 】 C worry about 11 A statistically B occasionally C necessarily D economically 【 答案
11、 】 C necessarily 12 A chances B downsides C benefits D principles 【 答案 】 B downsides 13 A absence B height C face D course 【 答案 】 A absence 14 A disturb B restore C exclude D yield 【 答案 】 D yield 15 A model B practice C virtue D hardship 【 答案 】 C virtue 16 A tricky B lengthy C mysterious D scarce 【
12、答案 】 D scarce 17 A demands B standards C qualities D threats 【 答案 】 A demands 18 A ignored B tired C confused D starved 【 答案 】 B tired 19 A off B against C behind D into 【 答案 】 D into 20 A technological B professional C educational D interpersonal 【 答案 】 B professional 英语 （ 二 ）试题 第 页 （共 10 页） 3 Sect
13、ion II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park
14、. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.
15、 Parkrun is succeeding where Londons Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The po
16、pulation would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run up to 2012 but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition cla
17、ims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers. Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Y
18、our only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim
19、 was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for 英语 （ 二 ）试题 第 页 （共 10 页
20、） 4 government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green
21、spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse. 21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has . A gained gr
22、eat popularity B created many jobs C strengthened community ties D become an official festival 【 答案 】 A gained great popularity 22. The author believes that Londons Olympic“legacy” has failed to . A boost population growth B promote sport participation C improve the citys image D increase sport hour
23、s in schools 【 答案 】 B promote sport participation 23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it . A aims at discovering talents B focuses on mass competition C does not emphasize elitism D does not attract first-timers 【 答案 】 C does not emphasize elitism 24. With regard to mass sport, the a
24、uthor holds that governments should . A organize “grassroots” sports events B supervise local sports associations C increase funds for sports clubs D invest in public sports facilities 【 答案 】 D invest in public sports facilities 25. The authors attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is
25、 . A tolerant B critical C uncertain D sympathetic 【 答案 】 B critical Text 2 英语 （ 二 ）试题 第 页 （共 10 页） 5 With so much focus on childrens use of screens, its easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital pla
26、y, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ” Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that moth
27、ers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be
28、making excited bids for their attention. Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive as they often are when absorbed in a device it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment
29、” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers atte
30、ntion. “Parents dont have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky. On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about ki
31、ds use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “Its based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting
32、them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt mean theres no value to it particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a fri
33、end or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time. 26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to _. A simplify routine matters B absorb user attention C better interpersonal relations D incre
34、ase work efficiency 【 答案 】 B absorb user attention 27. Radeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothers use of devices _. A takes away babies appetite B distracts childrens attention C slows down babies verbal development D reduces mother-child communication 【 答案 】 D reduces mother-child communicat
35、ion 28. Radeskys cites the “still face experiment” to show that _. A it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions B verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange 英语 （ 二 ）试题 第 页 （共 10 页） 6 C children are insensitive to changes in their parents mood D parents need to respond to
36、 childrens emotional needs 【 答案 】 D parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs 29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_. A protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies B teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year C ensure constant interaction with their chil
37、dren D remain concerned about kids use of screens 【 答案 】 C ensure constant interaction with their children 30. According to Tronick, kids use of screens may_. A give their parents some free time B make their parents more creative C help them with their homework D help them become more attentive 【 答案
38、 】 A give their parents some free time Text 3 Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is
39、 going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesnt it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doing something that isnt academic. But while this may be true, its not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. Theres always a constant fea
40、r of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits in fact, it probably enhances it. Studie
41、s from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmen
42、tal changes all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders. If youre
43、 not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isnt surpri
44、sing, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. Its not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly
45、to make up credits after switching too late in the game. 英语 （ 二 ）试题 第 页 （共 10 页） 7 At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and s
46、ave money later on. 31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that . A they think it academically misleading B they have a lot of fun to expect in college C it feels strange to do differently from others D it seems worthless to take off-campus courses 【 答案 】 C it feel
47、s strange to do differently from others 32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps . A keep students from being unrealistic B lower risks in choosing careers C ease freshmens financial burdens D relieve freshmen of pressures 【 答案 】 D relieve freshmen of pressures 33. The w
