1、1名词性从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。主语从句：Who will win the match is still unknown. 宾语从句：I want to know what he has told you. 表语从句：The fact is that we have lost the game. 同位语从句：The news that we won the game is exciting. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词(不充当从句的任何成分)：th
2、at ,whether ,if连接代词：what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever连接副词：when ,where ,how ,whyObject Clauses 宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。位置：通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。句子结构：主句 +连词(引导词)+ 宾语从句e.g. She asked if these answers were right.We can learn what we do not know.He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S.
3、A.I dont know where we will hold the meeting.通过观察，我们可以知道宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语 +谓语+其他成分1)Could you tell me_.A. you will get here when B. when will you get hereC. get here when you will D. when you will get here2) Mother asked his son what _for lunch at school.A. did he had B. does he had C. he has D. h
4、e had3) Pointing to the young plant, he asked me _ that was the one we had seen in the picture.A. what B. if C. where D. how二、连接词1、从属连接词(不充当从句的任何成分)：that ,whether ,if 1） 、 I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. 2） 、I want to know if /whether he will go to the park with us用 it 做形式宾语的宾语从句时，it 常可以放在
5、动词 think, find, consider, believe, feel, make 等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾） （此时 that 一定不2可以省略）I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.We heard it that she would get married next month.3、that 从句位于句首时，that 不可省略。That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. 4、if 和 Whether 的区别1） 、
6、由 连词 if、 whether 引导的表示“是否”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether 和 if 可以替换。 例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow. 2） 、下面几种情况只能用 whether和不定式连(whether to do sth.)用作宾语时不用 if 引导. 例：Whether to go there hasnt been decided.They asked me whether to go shopping.宾语从句中有 or not 时不用 if 引导. 例：I don
7、t know whether the star will come or not.在介词后面的宾语从句中不用 if 引导 例：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.宾语从句提前时：例：Whether this is true or not, I cant say.练习：1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I wonder _ he is well.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont kno
8、w _ to go.2、连接代词和连接副词连接代词： what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever 连接副词：when ,where ,how ,why因为连接代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。Do you know what he said just now?I dont remember when we arrived.I asked him where I could get so much money.Please tell me who (whom) we have to see.1. Wang Hai tol
9、d me _ he didnt go hiking yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom）33. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）4. They dont know _ we are going hiking. (when, what)5. I dont know _ so many people crowding round him. (how, why)6. Do you kno
10、w _ shirt it is? (whose, whos)三、时态1. 主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定I know that he lives here.I know that he lived here ten years ago. I have heard that he will come tomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时） ，从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时（一般过去时，过去进行时,过去将来时，过去完成时）I knew who lived here. I saw that she was talking with he
11、r mother.He said that his father had gone to Beijing.3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me that the earth moves around the sun.1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2. We dont know _ they did it. A. how
12、 B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time.A. that B. if C. when D. what time4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.A. if B. where C. whether D. that5. Could you show me _ ?A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. h
13、ow I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station8. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 10. He says that if it _ tomorrow, he _ fishing.A. will rain, wont go B. rained, wasnt go C. rains, wont go D. rain, will go Predicative Cl
14、auses 表语从句This is his job. This is what he does every day.4（ ） （ ）表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后。一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。系动词有那些呢? 常见的系动词分为三种：A表示特征和状态： be, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear 等B表示由一类状态转为另一类状态： get, become, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run 等C表示某种状态的：remain, keep, prove, continue, stay 等从句
15、连接词分为三类：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。连接词: that / whether /as if /as though( if 不引导表语从句 )连接代词: who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词: when / where / why / how / because 用横线画出表语从句：The question is whether we can rely on him.That is because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.T
16、hat is why I was late. 过观察，我们可以知道表语从句的语序也是用陈述语序注意：1、that 引导的表语从句，that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。The fact is that he hasnt yet recover from illness.Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.*名词主语+be+that 引起的表语从句表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth 表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：idea, opinion,
17、belief, view, news, advice, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem 等The fact is that our team has won the game.The truth is that she was the very person we are looking for.2. whether 引导的表语从句，连接词 whether 起连接作用， 意为“是否、究竟、到底”在句中也不作任何成分（注意：if 不能引导表语从句 )。The question is whether we can rely
18、 on him.What the doctor doubts is whether my mother will recover from the disease soon.3、连接代词 what,which,who,whom,whose 除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。Tom is no longer what he used to be.The question is which of us should come first.The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.5The import
19、ant thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.4. 连接副词 where, when, why, how 除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。Thats where I cant agree with you.This is why Sara was late for the meeting.This is how they overcome the diff
20、iculties.My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.5. 其他连词 as if, because, as, as though 引导的表语从句because 引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。as if/though 引导的表语从句常置于连系动词 look, seem, sound, be, become 等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.M
21、y anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3. She looked_she were ten years younger.A.that B.like C.as D.as though4. Jane
22、is no longer _ she was four years ago.A. what B. which C. that D. when 5_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are6. The trouble is_we are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that7. America was
23、 _was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where8. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ .A. what it used to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to being D. what it was used to be9. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What th
24、at B. That whatC. What what D. That what610. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such综合练习：1 I flew to New York for the talk show on TV last week Is that _you had a few days off?A why B when C what D where2 I ask her _ come with meA if she will B if will
25、sheC whether will she D will she3 It was a matter of _ would take the positionA who B whoever C whom D whomever6 It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wantsA however B whatever C whichever D whenever8 Go and get your coat Its_ you left itA there B where C there where D where
26、there9 I wonder how much _A does the watch cost B did the watch costC the watch costed D the watch costs10 It was _ he said _ disappointed meA what；that B that；thatC what；what D that；what11 “Is Mary from New York City?“ “I dont know _“A from what city does she come from B from what city she comeC wh
27、at city does she come from D what city she comes from13 Have you seen Henry lately? My boss wants to know _A how he is getting along B how is he getting alongC what he is getting along D what is he getting along15 You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presentsA how they were exc
28、ited B how excited they wereC how excited were they D they were how excited16 Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been carelessA for B because C since D that17 We gave him _ help we couldA which B what C that D this20 Where do you think _?A has he gone B has he been C hes gone D was he
