1、宾语从句的连接词：that；结构：主语+谓语+ 宾语（陈述句语序）、从属连词。连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有 that,if,whether，和特殊疑问词（what ， how， where， when 等 )。that 引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，if 和 whether， whether.or not 引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年上大学。I dont know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车。Nobod
2、y knew whether he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试。Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time.那时老师们在问我是否曾去过那里。关联词关联代词关联代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever 等。关联代词一般指疑问但 what,whatever 除了指疑问外也可以指陈述。Do you know who has won Red Alert game你知道是谁赢
3、得了红色警戒的游戏么The book will show you what the best CEO should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么。Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia call phone你决定好是买诺基亚还是买摩托罗拉的电话吗关联副词连接副词主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等。He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。Cou
4、ld you please tell me how you use the new panel你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些新的零件能在哪里买到。二、动词的宾语从句大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect they will win,for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢因为他们的队员更强壮。He told us that they would help us through the whole wo
5、rk.他告诉我们在整个工作中他们都会帮忙的。部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了。Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有make sure 确保make up ones mind 下决心keep in mind 牢记Make sure that there are no m
6、istakes in your papers before you turn them in.当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误。可运用形式宾语 it 代替的宾语从句动词 find,feel,consider,make,believe,think 等后面有宾语补足语的时候则需要用 it 做形式宾语而将 that 宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的。I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together
7、.我没去聚会感觉非常遗憾。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯。We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加 it 双宾语这类动词主要有 hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tellI ha
8、te it when they say with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行。We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的。When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。若宾语从句是 wh-类则不可用 it 代替We all co
9、nsider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的。Can you tell me if there any shop here?你能告诉我这里有商店吗三、介词的宾语从句用 whether 之类的介词宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。The new book is ab
10、out how Shenzhou six manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州 6 号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的。用 that,if 引导的介词宾语从句有时候 except,but,besides 三个介词后可见到 that 引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班其他一无所知。四、形容词的宾语从句有些形容词具有动词的含义所以也可以带一个宾语从句例如1. I
11、am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his answer is right?常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有 sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试。I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你。He is glad that Li Ming went to see him
12、when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他。五、if 与 whether1)whether 和 if 常用来引导宾语从句 这时两者的含义区别很小一般可通用。例如 I dont know whether/if they will come to help us. 我不知道他们是否来帮助我们。I am not sure whether/if Ill have time to go with you. 我很难说我们是否有时间跟你们一起去。上面两句无区别。但是当 whether 与 or not 连成一个词组时 whether 不可换用 if。例如I dont know wh
13、ether or not they will come for our help. 我不知道他们是否要来求我们支援。【注意】若 whether 和 or not 不连在一起在口语中可以用 if 取代 whether 当然也可以用whether。例如 I am not certain if/whether the train will arrive on time. 我没有把握火车是否准时到达。I dont care if/whether your car breaks down or not. 我不在乎您的车是否是会出故障。此外还有三种情况值得注意(1) 在介词后面只能用 whether 不能
14、用 if。例如This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. 这件事要看我们是否有决心去做。It depends on whether he is ready. 这件事要看他是否有准备。I am not interested in whether youll come or not. 你来不来我不感兴趣。We havent settled the question of whether well renew our supplies of coal for factory. 是否要为我们工厂补充一些煤这个问题我们还没有决定。(2) 在
15、动词不定式之前只能用 whether 不能用 if。例如He doesnt know whether to stay or not. 他不能知道是否要留下来。She doesnt knows whether to get married now or wait. 是否现在结婚或是等待她不知道。(3) 在及物动词discuss 后的宾语从句中只能用 whether 不能用 if。例如We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan. 我们讨论了是不是要对我们的计划作一些修改。We were discussing whether we
16、 should discuss the business with them. 我们正在讨论我们是否要和他们谈这个生意。2)引导主语从句时只能用 whether 不能用 if。例如It is unknown whether he will come. 他是否来还不知道。 Whether the news is true remains a question. 这个消息是否真实仍然是个问题。 3)引导表语从句时只能用 whether 不能用if。例如What we want to know is whether he will come to speak to us tomorrow. 我们想知
17、道的是他明天是否来给我们讲话。The question is whether they can take our advice. 问题是他们是否能接受我们的意见。4)引导同位语从句 时常用 whether。例如The question whether well build another lecture building hasnt been settled. 是否要另建一幢教学楼的问题还未决定。The question whether hell come is unknown. 他是否来的问题还不知道。5)可以用来引导一个否定的宾语从句 whether 则不能用来引导否定的宾语从句因为它表示
18、正反两方面的选择意义比较强。例如Tell me if it is not going to rain, please. 请告诉我明天是否不会下雨。He considered if he shouldnt tell her the secret. 他考虑他是否不该告诉她这个秘密。6)if 除引导宾语从句外还可以引导条件状语从句作“是否”解。在容易引起混淆产生歧义的情况下就不可用 if 而须用 whether。例如 Please let me know if you intend to come.这个句子有两种解释 A“请让我们知道你是否想来。” B“如果你打算来请让我们知道。” 第一种解释是把
19、if 引导的从句看作宾语从句把动词 know 视为及物动词(vt)第二种解释是把 if 引导的从句当作条件状语从句把动词 know 看作不及物动词(vi)。在口语中我们可以通过语调来表示两者的区别但是在书面语中无上下文(如一张便条上写着这句话)那就含混不清了。如果我们想表达的第一种含义就得用 whether 来改写第一句。Please let me know whether you intend to come. 又如Let me know whether he has left for Shanghai. 告诉我他是否已经去上海了。 Let me know if he has left fo
20、r Shanghai. 如果他去上海请告诉我一声。此外 whether 还可以引导让步状语从句 作“ 无论、不管”解这儿就略而不谈了!六、不省略引导词 that当 that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold 等动词的宾语时当宾语从句较长时当主语状语置于主句尾宾语从句之前时当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词 )与宾语从句之间有插入语时当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时此时第一个 that 可以省略第二个 that 不可以省略当宾语从句中的主语是 this,that 或 this,that 做主语的定语时
21、当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时当宾语从句有 it 做其先行词时在直接引语中转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.当 that 在从句中充当主语时七、否定转移宾语从句的反意疑问句主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess 等并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成 I think he wont com
22、e to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim.我相信那人不是 Jim 杀的。如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.通常我们称为否定前疑。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课是不是八、时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying
23、in a western country,but I didnt know which country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书可不知道是哪个国家。He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读老人与海。从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了 Mary。从句谓语用过去
24、将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱。如果从句是一个客观真理那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮围着地球转。当宾语从句的引导词是 who,which,what,when,where,how,why 等表疑问时不能按正常语序安排经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手无论任何时候都为陈述语序。
