1、静态与动态Stative vs DynamicEnglish: Static vS. Chinese: Dynamic 1.English tend to be stative,characterized by nominalization( 名词化 ) ( prepositionalphrases) and weakening of verbs(in theform of adjectives,adverbs.). 2.Chinese tend to be dynamic, marked with the prevailing(主要的 )of verbs.Stative English 1.
2、Nominalization ( 名词化 ) 2.Agentive nouns (施事者 ) in place of verbs. 3.Preparation- Prominent ( 名词优势 ) 4.Verbs-weaken ( 动词弱化与虚化 ) 5.Ajectives and adverbs in place of verbs ( 形容词、副词表达动词的意义 ) 6.Nouns in place of adjectives to form headlinephrase(标题式短语 )1.Nominalization Nominalization refers to the replac
3、ement of clauses,which contain finite verbs, with complex structures consisting of nouns and noun adjuncts. 名词化主要指用名词 (短语 )来表达原来属于动词 (短语 )所表达的信息，如用抽象名词来表达动作、行为、变化、状态等。 这次比赛她赢了，因而备受鼓舞。 She succeed in this match,so she felt encouraged. Her success in this match made her encouraged. 我们的儿子令我们失望。 Our son
4、 has disappointed us. Our son has been a disappointment to us. 2. To use Agentive Nouns in place of Verbs 用名词表示施事者，以代替动词他妹妹老是说谎。His sister always lies.His sister is a great liar.我恐怕不能教你打网球，我想杰克比我教得好。I am afraid I cant teach you playing tennis. I think Jack is a better teacher than I.3 Preparation- p
5、rominent(名词优势造成介词优势 ) ( 1 ) Preparation phrases in place of verb phrases 英语常用介词短语代替动词短语，即 “ 以静代动 ” (2) “noun+preparation名词 +介词的优势常见于英语里大量的弱式短语。(1) Preparation phrases in place of verb phrases 他们立刻出动去追击敌人。They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy.（ They immediately set out to pursue the enemy.
6、) 有人给他撑腰。He has someone behind him.（ Someone supports him.) 他在读书。 He is at his books.（ He is reading books. ) （ 2)名词 +介词的优势常见于英语里大量的弱式短语。 Ogive rise to （ arouse） make contact with (meet） arrive at a decision (decide) bring to a conclusion （ finish） undertake a study of （ study) take into considerati
7、on （ consider) afford an opportunity to （ allow）carry out experiments ( experiment)conduct an investigation into (investigate)of a kindlynature (kind)of an unusual character ne ( unusual)beyond the shadow of a doubt ( certain)I due to the fact that ( because) on two separate occasions ( twice)in view of the foregoing circumstances ( therefore)
