1、中医综合-中医基础理论(七)一、Section Use of English(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Throughout the 19th century and into the 20th, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centres of (1) , crime, poverty and moral (2) Their distrust was c
2、aused, (3) , by a national ideology that (4) farming the greatest occupation and rural living (5) to urban living. This attitude (6) even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential (7) of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands (
3、8) the precarious (不稳定的) life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people (9) from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were (10) with great problems, eagerly (11) the progres
4、sive reforms that promised to bring order out of the (12) of the city.One of many reforms came (13) the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by (14) governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned ut
5、ility companies would (15) exorbitant (过渡的) rates for these essential services and (16) them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by (17) the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. (18) of these reforms argued t
6、hat public ownership and regulation would (19) widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a (20) price.(1).A eruption B corruption C interruption D provocation（分数：0.50）A.B. C.D.corruption“腐败”，其他选项不合文意。Aeruption“火山爆发”；Cinterruption“打断、打搅”；Dprovocation“激怒、挑拨”。(2).A disgrace B deterioration C d
7、ishonor D degradation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. 城市被认为是腐败、堕落的中心，因此选 degradation“堕落、退化”，其他选项不合文意。Adisgrace“耻辱、失宠”，如：Being poor is no disgrace.“贫穷并不是耻辱。”Bdeterioration“变坏、恶化”，如：health deterioration 健康恶化；Cdishonor“不名誉、不光彩”。(3).A by origin B in part C at all D at random（分数：0.50）A.B. C.D.in part“部分地，在某种程度上”，其他选项不合
8、文意。Aby origin“出身”，如：Hes French by origin.“他生为法国人。”Cat all“完全、根本”，常用于否定或疑问句；Dat random“随便地，随机地”。(4).A proclaimed B exclaimed C claimed D reclaim（分数：0.50）A. B.C.D.proclaimed“正式宣布，表明，公开赞扬”，其他选项不合文意。Bexclaimed“感叹，大声说”；Cclaimed“要求、主张、索赔”，如：She claims to own a car but I dont believe her.“她声称自己有车，但我不相信她。”D
9、reclaim“要求归还、开垦”。(5).A superb B super C exceptional D superior（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. be superior to“优于”，其他选项不符合搭配。Asuperb“极好的，高质量的”；Bsuper“极好的，超级的”；Cexceptional“例外的，异常的”。(6).A predominated B dominated C commanded D prevailed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. prevailed“流行，盛行”，如：A belief in magic still prevails in many tri
10、bes“对魔力的信仰仍在好多部落流行。”其他选项不符合文意。Apredominated“掌握，支配”，如：In his mind a wish to become rich has always predominated.“发财的希望一直在他心中占主导地位。”Bdominated“主宰，统治”，如：Her desire to dominate other people has caused trouble in her family.“她要主宰他人的欲望给她的家庭带来了麻烦。”Ccommanded“指挥，命令”。(7).A feature B peculiarity C quality D a
11、ttribute（分数：0.50）A. B.C.D.feature“外表的显著的特征或特性”，如：feature of the national landscape“国土风景的特色”，其他选项不符合文意。Bpeculiarity“显著的，令人不快的特性或怪癖”，如：a peculiarity of the northern climate“北方怪气候的特色”；Cquality“性质，特性”，意义较抽象；Dattribute“构成人或物一部分的属性”，如：eagerness to learn，an often overlooked attribute in small children.“强烈的
12、求知欲，一种小孩子身上常被忽视的特性。”(8).A deserted B departed C abolished D abandoned（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. abandoned 意为“完全放弃”，其他选项不合文意。Adeserted“在困难的时候或情形下离开”，如：His friends deserted him.“他的朋友遗弃了他。”Bdeparted“离开某地”，如：depart from Beijing“离开北京”。Cabolished“废除”。(9).A reallocated B migrated C replaced D substituted（分数：0.50）A.
13、B. C.D.从农村迁移到城市，因此选 migrated“迁移，移居”，其他选项不合文意。Areallocated“重新分配”；Creplaced“代替”；Dsubstituted“替换”。(10).A overwhelmed B overflowed C overtaken D preoccupied（分数：0.50）A. B.C.D.城市里充斥着各种问题，所以选 overwhelmed“被水完全覆盖，制服”，其他选项不符合文意。Boverflowed“使淹没”；Covertaken“赶上，超过”；Dpreoccupied“预先占上，全神贯注于”。(11).A embraced B adop
14、ted C hugged D contained（分数：0.50）A. B.C.D.新来城市的人热切地欢迎改革，所以选 embraced“愿意使用或接受”，其他选项不符合文意。Badopted“采纳”；Chugged“拥抱”；Dcontained“包含”。(12).A chaos B chores C chorus D outbreaks（分数：0.50）A. B.C.D.chaos“混乱”；Bchores“家务杂事”；Cchorus“合唱，合唱队”；Doutbreaks“爆发”。(13).A at B by C out D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. in the area“在方
15、面”，其他选项不符合搭配。(14).A public B municipal C republican D national（分数：0.50）A.B. C.D.该段讲城市的改革，供水和排水系统通常由市政府运作，所以选 municipal“市政的”，其他选项不符合文意。Apublic“公共的”；Crepublican“共和国的”；Dnational“民族的，全国的”。(15).A charge B take C cost D spend（分数：0.50）A. B.C.D.charge exorbitant rates“收取过高的费用”，其他选项不符合惯用法。Btake“花费”，常用物作主语；Cc
16、ost“消费”，常用物作主语；Dspend“花”，常用句型：sb. spend time/money on sth.。(16).A distribute B deliver C transfer D transport（分数：0.50）A.B. C.D.改革者担心私营公司只为能付得起费用的人提供服务，所以选 deliver“交付，递送”，其他选项不符合文意。Adistribute“分发，分配”；Ctransfer“调动，迁移”；Dtransport“运输，传送”。(17).A degenerating B generating C regenerating D regulating（分数：0.
17、50）A.B.C.D. 一些政府对私营公司进行“管理，调节，控制”，因此选 regulating。Adegenerating“退化，变质”；Bgenerating“产生，导致”；Cregenerating“使再生，重建”。(18).A Proponents B Opponents C Sponsors D Rivals（分数：0.50）A. B.C.D.Proponents“支持者”，其他选项不合文意。BOpponents“反对者”；CSponsors“发起者”；DRivals“对手”。(19).A secure B ensure C reassure D incur（分数：0.50）A.B.
18、 C.D.ensure“保证”，其他选项不合文意。Asecure“获得，保卫”；Creassure“使放心”，如：The doctor reassured the sick man about his health.“医生让病人对自己的健康放心。”Dincur“招致”，如：I incurred his dislike from that day on.“从那天起，我便惹他讨厌。”(20).A fair B just C square D objective（分数：0.50）A. B.C.D.公平的价格为“fair price”，其他选项不符合惯用法和文意。Bjust“(法律或道德方面)公正的”
19、；Csquare“正直的”；Dobjective“客观的”。二、Section Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The modern university is the ideal environment for the creation and transfer of knowledge that drives national competitiveness in an increasingly global era. Its most effective
20、form is the American adaptation of the European model, in which teaching, leaning and research are integrated into a single institution. Indeed, the American university has proved capable of almost anything, from developing advanced economic theories to creating new life forms.Many national leaders
21、understand that the university is the critical catalyst for Americas adaptability, economic robustness and emergence as a great power. And they are moving aggressively to catch up. The universities created by emerging economies beginning in the 1990s and through 2020 will likely play a decisive role
22、 in reshaping the global balance of economic power.That is bad news for the United States. The past two decades of American university development have been characterized largely by self-satisfaction arising from steady progress by the top 20 or so research universities. And America as a nation has
23、1Seen coasting. Since 2000, the United States has lost its edge in the graduation of engineers and technologists. The country no longer dominates scientific discovery, innovation or exploration. Most important, the United States has not launched any effort to build new institutions to accommodate it
24、s increasingly diverse population of more than 300 million.The result is that Americas university system, despite its historical pre-eminence, has ceased to grow. Furthermore, Americas university system has failed to adapt to the dramatic demographic shifts occurring as a result of social mobility a
25、nd immigration.America needs to realize that its universities face real competition from the rest of the world to attract the best and the brightest, to secure resources and to provide environments that educate and inspire. This is not to say that the best American universities are no longer the lea
26、ders in discovery and innovation. It is to say that the success of the higher-education system must be measured by more than just innovations. Its long-term performance depends on its ability to provide learning to a broad cross sections of citizens, to advance national proficiency in math and scien
27、ce and to create an adaptable work force, as well as to develop a national appreciation for discovery, entrepreneurship and the creative process.In China and elsewhere, these are the goals of the new universities being built. In the United States, we need to move from a national self-confidence base
28、d on past success to one built on the knowledge that we are advancing a system of higher education that will meet our future needs. This will require that policymakers, business leaders and universities rededicate themselves to creating comprehensive learning and discovery environments; design entir
29、ely new models and methods for teaching, and then take action to implement them.(1).According to the author, US modern universities _A is a perfect system which can deal with everything.B is a system which is developing rapidly.C is a trinity of teaching, learning and research.D is a place for innov
30、ation and creation.A.B.C. D.本题为细节理解题。文中指出“Its most effective form is the American adaptation of the European model, in which teaching, leaning and research are integrated into a single institution.”。选项 A 在文中并未涉及，并且同后文中所提出的问题相矛盾。B 同后文中指出的发展停滞相悖。D 过于片面，仅仅强调了创新的内容，而忽略了将成果进行转化和教育的内容。因此 C 最符合要求。(2).New u
31、niversities have been established among many other countries in order to _A bring bad news to the US.B make use of the power for development.C be measured by innovation.D force the US to build up more universities.A.B. C.D.本题为推理判断题。文中指出“Many national leaders understand that the university is the cri
32、tical catalyst for Americas adaptability, economic robustness and emergence as a great power. And they are moving aggressively to catch up.”由此可见，其他国家大力发展大学的主要动力是为了获取同美国一样的发展能力，因此应当选 B。(3).What is the problem that US universities have faced since 2000?A Loss of the predominant position in artistic in
33、novations.B Lack of the reestablishment of famed universities.C Failure to attract the best brains throughout the world.D Need of a comprehensive learning and studying environment.A.B.C.D. 本题为细节理解题。文中提到“the country no longer dominates scientific discovery, innovation or exploration”，因此选项 A 不恰当误。根据“t
34、he United States has not launched any effort to build new institutions to accommodate its increasingly diverse population of more than 300 million.”可以判断 B 不恰当误。文中提到“America needs to realize that its universities face real competition from the rest of the world to attract the best and the brightest”，
35、但是并没有提到美国在吸引人才方面遭遇失败，因此 C 不正确。根据“This will require that policymakers, business leaders and universities rededicate themselves to creating comprehensive learning and discovery environments”可以确定 D 正确。(4).Which of the following is the goal of China to build up new universities?A Providing wider opportu
36、nities of education for oversea students.B Elevating the science and technology level of the whole country.C Focusing on the position of science and technology innovation leader.D Creating a culture of appreciation of science and technology.A.B. C.D.本题为细节理解题。文章中提到“Its long-term performance depends o
37、n its ability to provide learning to a broad cross sections of citizens, to advance national proficiency in math and science and to create an adaptable work force, as well as to develop a national appreciation for discovery, entrepreneurship and the creative process”，这样可以排除与原文意思不符的A、D 两项，而当前占据领导地位的依
38、然是美国，C 在文中并未提及，应予以排除，故本题选择 B 项。(5).It can be inferred from the text that the most possible direction of university reform in the US is _A offering more attractive scholarships.B developing advanced economic theories.C finding a better system for learning and researching.D spending more money for har
39、dware improvement.A.B.C. D.本题为推理判断题。文章最后一段中指出了美国大学的发展方向是发展更加有利于国家进步的教学科研环境。选项 A 的内容仅仅对于吸引人才有一定作用。B 的内容过于片面。D 并不符合总体改革原则，因此 C最符合题意。五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Ted Kennedy gazes from the windows of his office in Boston, he can see the harbors “Golden Stairs“, where all eight of his great-grandparents
40、 first set foot in America. It reminds him, he told his Senate colleagues this week, that reforming Americas immigration laws is an “awesome responsibility“. Mr. Kennedy is the Democrat most prominently pushing a bipartisan bill to secure the border, ease the national skills shortage and offer a pat
41、h to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegal aliens already in the country. He has a steep climb ahead of him.As drafted, the bill seeks to mend Americas broken immigration system in several ways. First, and before its other main provisions come into effect, it would tighten border security. It pr
42、ovides for 200 miles (320km) of vehicle barriers, 370 miles of fencing and 18000 new border patrol agents. It calls for an electronic identification system to ensure employers verify that all their employees are legally allowed to work. And it stiffens punishments for those who knowingly hire illega
43、ls.As soon as the bill was unveiled, it was stoned from all sides. Christans, mostly Republicans, denounced it as an “amnesty“ that would encourage further waves of illegal immigration. Tom Tancredo, a Republican congressman running for president (without hope of success ) on an anti-illegal-immigra
44、tion platform, demanded that all but the border-security clauses be scrapped. Even these he derided as “so limited its almost a joke“. Conservative talk-radio echoed his call. No one is seriously proposing mass deportation, but Mr. Tancredo says the illegals will all go home if the laws against hiri
45、ng them are vigorously enforced.Most labor unions are skeptical, too. The AFL-CIO denounced the guest-worker program, which it said would give employers “a ready pool of labor that they can exploit to drive down wages, benefits, health and safety protections“ for everyone else. Two Democratic senato
46、rs tried to gut the program. One failed to abolish it entirely; another succeeded in slashing it from 400000 to 200000 people a year.Employers like the idea of more legal migrants but worry that the new system will be cumbersome. Many object to the idea that they will have to check the immigration s
47、tatus of all their employees. The proposed federal computer system to sort legal from illegal workers is bound to make mistakes. Even if only one employee in a hundred is falsely labelled illegal, that will cause a lot of headaches. And the points system has drawbacks, too. Employers are better plac
48、ed than bureaucrats to judge which skills are in short supply. That is why the current mess has advantagesillegal immigrants nearly always go where their labor is in demand.Other groups have complaints, too. Immigrant-rights groups say that the path to citizenship would be too long and arduous and too few Hispanics would qualify. Nancy Pelosi, the Democratic speaker of the House, fretted that the new stress on skills would hurt families, adding that her party is “about families and family values“. Some people worry th
