1、Unit4 Cyberspace-Lesson1 a factWe have to face reality. 我们要面对现实。（1）同根词:real adj. 真的； realize vt. 实现；really adv. 真正地；realistic adj. 现实（主义）的（2）短语：in reality 事实上5. affect vt. 影响 to influence or cause a changeIts a good idea to start a part-time job so long as it does not affect your studies.只要不影响你的学习,做
2、兼职是个好主意。辨析 affect，effect 和 influence三个词都含有“影响”的意思。effect，affect 两者在拼法上仅一个字母之差，读音也很相似。affect 常用作动词，相当于 have an effect on。有多种含义：（1）使事物发生变化。如：An important decision will affect ones future.一项重要的决定会影响一个人的未来。（2）对某事物产生不好的影响。如：The Asian financial crisis seriously affect our exports.亚洲金融危机严重影响了我们的出口。（3）用作引申义
3、指引起某人的感情波动，意为“使感动” 。如Music affects me strongly. 音乐能够强烈地感染我。effect 常用作名词，指由某种原因直接产生的结果；它还可表示“效果”等意思。如：The medicine has had no effect at all. 这药毫无效果。effect 也可作动词用，但不表示“影响” ，而表示“产生、招致、实现”等。如：The change was effected quickly. 这种变化很快就出现了。influence用作引申意义，指对人的思想、观念、心情、情绪等内在的东西产生潜移默化的影响或对人的决定、行为等造成某种程度的影响。如：
4、Dont let others influence your decision.不要让别人影响你的决定。6. offer n.vt. 提供，提议to give; to express willingness to do something; something offeredWhich theatre offers the cheapest seat?哪个戏院的座位最便宜？offer 后只能接不定式作宾语，不能接动名词。辨析 offer, provide 和 supplyoffer 表示主动提供服务、工作等，常用于 offer sb. sth. 或 offer to do sth.的固定搭配。
5、We offered him a high position in the company. provide 表示无主动慷慨之意地提供需要或有用的东西，尤其是生活用品。supply 通常指定期供应，含有连续不断地供给之意。7. as if 好像,仿佛 as though; with the appearance ofIt looks as if it is going to rain. 天看起来像要下雨。（1）as if =as though 似乎是；好像是二者相比，as though 为系统正式的用法。若表达非现实的意思，用虚拟语气；若表达实际的事实关系，用陈述语气。如：She always
6、 talks to me as if she were my sister.她总是以我妹妹的语气跟我说话。She looks as if shes going to cry.她看起来似乎要哭了。（2）和 as 有关的搭配：as a matter of fact 事实上 as for 至于 as soon as 一就as long as 只要 as usual 通常 as well 也，还有8. harm vt. n. 伤害，损害 injury, damage or wrong; to cause damage toDrinking too much can harm your health.饮
7、酒过多会对你的健康有害。（1）派生词：harmful adj. 有害的； harmless adj. 无害的（2）固定句式：do harm to 伤害There is no harm in sth./ doing sth. 做没有坏处。辨析 damage, harm, hurt, injure 和 wounddamage 指对物体造成伤害，也可指损害名誉。如：The car was badly damaged in the accident.The reputation of our school has been damaged.harm 可以泛指任何损害，而且经常是隐性的损害。如：She
8、worried that her belongings might have been harmed.What you do may harm the cause of peace.hurt 可以指对肉体造成强烈的疼痛感，也指对感情造成伤害，伤害的后果往往是可以立刻明显地感觉到或表现出来的。如：My shoulders hurt.我的两肩有点痛。Shes hurt because you havent visited her.injure 含义较广，既可以指身体上的轻重伤害（如造成容颜、身体机能的伤害） ；也可以指对感情、名誉、机会等的不利影响。如：There were two people
9、injured in the car accident.The scandal has injured her reputation. 丑闻损害了她的名誉。wound 多指在战争、攻击中受到的伤害，一般有明显的伤口；有时也指感情上的伤害。如：a gun wound 枪伤。His sharp remarks deeply wounded her. 他尖刻的话使她感情上深受伤害。9. fashion n. 时髦，时尚 the way of dressing or behavior that is popular at a certain timeFashion goes in circle.时尚总
10、是循环反复的。习惯用语：in fashion 流行，入时；out of fashion 过时；fashion show 时装表演；the latest fashion 最新式样10. hang on （电话用语）别挂断 to wait as on the telephoneHang on! Ill be back in a minute. 等一下，我马上回来。习惯用语：hang up 挂断电话；hang up on sb.不等某人说完就挂断电话11. get in touch 和取得联系 to communicate with sb.Hank is trying to get in touch
11、 with his brother.（1）和 get有关的搭配：get along with 和相处 get down to 开始认真（做某事）get on 上车 get off 下车get rid of 去掉，处理 get into the habit of 养成的习惯（2）和 touch 相关的词组：keep in touch with sb. 和取得联系 lose touch with 和失去联系be out of touch with 和无法联系 be in touch with 和有联系辨析 get in touch with 和 be in touch with get in to
12、uch with 强调动作，和某人取得联系，而 be in touch with 则强调一种状态，联系已经存在。12. be up to 做，从事于 to take up, to undertakeYour work is not up to standard. 你做的工作没达标。拓展 up to 表示：（1）多达；（2）由决定There are up to 5000 students at this school.Everyone works, from the lift boy up to the President.从电梯工人到总经理，人人都工作。Its not up to you to
13、 decide what to do or what not to do.轮不到你来决定该做什么，不该做什么。13. fancy vt.（非正式）想要做；幻想 imagination; would likeFancy meeting you here. 想不到在这儿见到你了。（1）fancy 作动词时，后接名词、代词和动名词，不能接动词不定式。（2）fancy 还可作名词。如：Children are always full of fancies. 孩子们总是满脑子奇异的幻想。（3）与 fancy 有关的词组：have a fancy for 爱好，迷恋; fancy dress（化装舞会等的
14、）化装服装14. suggestion n. 建议 ，提议 something that is suggestedHe made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。（1）suggestion 后的表语从句或同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用should+原形（should 可以省略） 。He suggested that we go to school by taxi.（2）suggest v. 建议；暗示，表示建议时从句也要使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用should+原形（should 可以省略） 。They offered a
15、suggestion that the task be put off to tomorrow.15. reject vt. 拒绝，不接受 to refuse to take, or believeIm afraid I have to reject your offer of 10 000 for the property.我恐怕不能接受你对我这块地产一万美元的出价。四. 重点句式分析与拓展：Warm-up1977-2004The movies that make up star wars are about wars in space.1977-2004星球大战是讲述太空大战的系列电影。t
16、hat make up star wars 是一个定语从句，修饰 movies，这是一个谓语部分为系表结构的句子。解析：make up 意思是“组成，构成” 。“A make up B ”（A 构成了 B） ，它可以转换成“B is made up of A ”（B 由 A 构成） 。如：Twelve players make up a basketball team.12名运动员组成一个篮球队。A basketball team is made up of twelve players.一个篮球队由 12名运动员组成。make up 还可以表示“编造，虚构；化妆；补充，弥补”等。Jake i
17、s good at telling and making up jokes.杰克擅长讲笑话和编笑话。You missed the final exam because of illness, so you will have to make it up.你生病错过了期末考试，所以你得补考。Do you think her beauty could make up for her stupidity?你认为她的美丽能弥补她的愚蠢吗？Lesson 1 Tomorrows world1. In 1983,there were only 200 computers connected to the i
18、nternet; now there are around 50 million and this growth is clearly going to continue.1983年，只有 200台计算机联网，如今大约有 5千万台计算机联网，而且很显然这种增长将持续下去。connected to the internet 是一个过去分词短语作定语，修饰 computers,相当于定语从句 which were connected to the internet,在第二个分句中，million 之后承接上一句，省略了 computers.million of 或 a million of 是表示
19、大概的数目，类似用法的词还有 score（二十） ，hundred, thousand, billion等。与不具体的数字连用时，不用复数，且后面不接介词 of.如：During the holiday, tens of hundreds of people enjoy themselves on Quancheng square.假日期间，许多人在泉城广场休闲。Three hundred students attended the meeting yesterday.300名学生出席了昨天的会议。2. In the future, terrorists may “attack” the wo
20、rlds computers, cause chaos, and make planes and trains crash.将来，恐怖分子会袭击世界上的电脑，引发混乱，使飞机坠毁，火车相撞。解析：这是一个简单句，主语是 terrorists, may attack, cause 和 make 是三个并列的谓语。crash 作宾语 planes and trains 的补足语，在 make （使）之后作宾语补足语的不定式要省去 to。记忆要诀 巧记后接省去 to 的动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语的词（组）：为什么不听不看（why not, listen to, hear, look at, see
21、, watch, observe, notice） ；宁愿请，最好让（would rather, would you please, had better, let; have, make 表使唤；feel 表示触摸感。 ）3. She also believes that, in the future, we will get entertainment from the Net and that television will probably disappear. 她还相信将来我们会在网上娱乐，电视也许会消失。解析：谓语动词 believes 之后接了两个宾语从句，宾语从句用 and 连
22、接。反意疑问句中，如果陈述部分是“I （we） （dont） think （believe, suppose, imagine）+宾语从句”时，疑问部分中的主语应与宾语从句中的主语保持一致，如果是否定句，否定意义还是要转移到宾语从句。如：I dont think he is forty, is he ? 4. Some experts see our future in virtual reality the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situatio
23、n.一些专家在虚拟现实里看到了我们的未来，使用带声像的计算机使你觉得你是在真实的情景中。that make you feel as if you are in a real situation 是一个定语从句，修饰sounds and pictures,其中 as if you are in a real situation 是状语从句，修饰和说明动词 feel。5. I see people living and working in a virtual world.我看见人们在虚拟世界生活和工作。living 和 working in a virtual world 是现在分词短语作宾语
24、people 的补足语。现在分词和不定式在作宾语补足语的意义上有些不同，不定式指事情的全过程，目的在于仅仅说明了这件事；现在分词指正在进行的动作的一部分，目的在于将该动作当时进行的情景呈现于读者眼前，相当于进行时态。 I saw him go upstairs.我看见他上楼去了（强调上楼的全过程） 。I saw him going upstairs.我看见他正往楼上去（强调上楼动作的进行） 。【典型例题】综合阅读A school bus is a bus to take you from your house to school and back again.Its also a place
25、to meet kids from other place, and a place to finish yesterdays homework if you forget to do it and finish todays homework before you get back home although homework done on the bus never gets good grades, no matter how hard you try.There are three things I dont like about riding school buses. First
26、, you have to find your bus when you go home. There are over 20 different bus routes, so there are also over 20 different buses, and theyre all parked in a line.Hundreds of times Ive run up and down the line of buses over and over without any sign of the bus. And when Im told that my bus is at the b
27、ack of the line, I run over and see my bus driving in. It is 15 minutes late.Second, you have to watch out for your stop, because if you miss it, youll end up having to walk a long way back to your house.And third, bus drivers get sick just like everybody else, and then you have to get new drivers f
28、or some days. They always read the map the wrong way and end up going to the first stop last and the last stop first.（1）The reading is about_.A. children from other classes B. the school busC. drivers and new drivers D. different buses（2）If a student misses his bus stop, he has to_.A. finish his hom
29、ework on the busB. stay at schoolC. walk a long way homeD. find a way on the map（3）The students homework finished on the bus is_.A. always nice B. hardly easyC. never good D. quite difficult（4）The word “bus routes” in the reading means_.A. bus stops B. money for taking busesC. ways for buses D. places for buses to park（5）We learn from reading_.A. it sometimes takes time for children to find their busesB. theres not enough room for the buses in schoolC. its easy for the children to forget their homework on the busD. new drivers come when bus drivers have their holiday
