1、脑囊虫病Neurocysticercosis2 最新诊断标准 流行病学 临床表现 实验室检查 影像学表现 鉴别诊断 治疗Del Brutto 等专家团队在 1996 年和 2001 年的诊断标准基础之上,重新修订了脑囊虫病的诊断标准,确切的说是神经囊虫病的诊断标准。发表于 2017 年的 Journal of the Neurological Sciences 杂志。Diagnostic criteriaAbsolute criteria(绝对标准)Neuroimaging criteria( 神经影像学标准)Clinical/exposure criteria(临床 / 暴露标准) Hist
2、ological demonstration of the parasite from biopsy of a brain or spinal cord lesion. Visualization of subretinal cysticercus. Conclusive demonstration of a scolex within a cystic lesion on neuroimaging studies. 大脑或脊髓病变部位发现囊虫,包括螺旋管、顶突、吸盘和钩、或寄生膜,可确诊脑囊虫病。当然,活检也有意外发生,如取材部位不佳、囊虫进入钙化期等,此时,发现所谓的钙化小体,也有助于识别
3、寄生虫。Absolute criteria绝对标准图1 脑或脊髓病变组织活检发现囊虫(大箭头所指为囊虫的特征性顶突;小箭头所指为囊虫寄生膜)CT 或 MRI 检查发现脑实质(多位于皮质 - 皮质下交界区、基底节,少见于脑干、小脑和脊髓)、蛛 膜下 、脑 发现 有头节的囊性病 。此时, 的 也可 于头节的病 , 病 的性质 区 , 诊。 的有头节的囊性病 见图 3图2 底检查发现 膜下囊虫,可确诊脑囊虫病, 为 膜为是神经的 部 。不包括 currency1囊虫病。Neuroimaging criteria神经影像学标准 Major neuroimaging criteria;(“ 标准)Cys
4、tic lesions without a discernible scolex.Enhancing lesions.Multilobulated cystic lesions in the subarachnoid space.Typical parenchymal brain calcifications.Neuroimaging criteria Confirmative neuroimaging criteria(确标准)Resolution of cystic lesions after cysticidal drug therapy.(囊虫fifl 囊性病 吸)Spontaneou
5、s resolution of single small enhancing lesions.( 病 的发吸)Migration of ventricular cysts documented on sequential neuroimaging studies.(囊性病 在脑 位) Minor neuroimaging criteria( 标准):Obstructive hydrocephalus (symmetric or asymmetric) or abnormal enhancement of basal leptomeninges.(”性脑或 底脑膜 化)Clinical/expo
6、sure criteria临床/暴露标准 Major clinical/exposure(“ 标准)Detection of specific anticysticercal antibodies or cysticercal antigens by well standardized immunodiagnostic tests.( 吸检 囊虫体或囊虫)Cysticercosis outside the central nervous system.(神经 外的囊虫病)Evidence of a household contact with T. solium infection.(家 囊虫
7、) Minor clinical/exposure( 标准):Clinical manifestations suggestive of neurocysticercosis.(脑囊虫病的临床表现)Individuals coming from or living in an area where cysticercosis is endemic.( 区 )Degrees of diagnostic certainty脑囊虫的诊断标准 Definitive diagnosis(确 诊断标准)One absolute criterion.( 绝对标准)Two major neuroimaging
8、 criteria plus any clinical/exposure criteria.“ 神经影像学标准+ 临床/暴露标准One major and one confirmative neuroimaging criteria plus any clinical /exposure criteria.“ 神经影像学标准+ 确神经影像学标准+ 临床/暴露标准One major neuroimaging criteria plus two clinical/exposure criteria (including at least one major clinical/exposure criterion), together with the exclusion of other pathologies producing similar neuroimaging.一条主要神经影像学标准+两条临床/暴露标准(至少一条主要临床/暴露标准),但需排除有相似的影像学改变的其他疾病