1、史蒂夫 乔布斯(Steve Jobs)在 Stanford 2005 毕业典礼上的演讲This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never gra
2、duated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest Ive ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. Thats it. No big deal. Just three stories.The first story is about connecting the dots.I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but the
3、n stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college g
4、raduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We have an unexpected ba
5、by boy; do you want him?“ They said: “Of course.“ My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised
6、 that I would someday go to college.And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldnt see the value in it. I had no idea what
7、I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of t
8、he best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didnt interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.It wasnt all romantic. I didnt have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends rooms, I returned coke bottles for th
9、e 5 deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:Ree
10、d College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didnt have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to le
11、arn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science cant capture, and I found it fascinating.None o
12、f this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course
13、in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might n
14、ot have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.Again, you cant connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you ha
15、ve to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.My second story is about love and loss.I was lucky I found what I loved to do ear
16、ly in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation the Macintosh a year earlier, and I had just turned
17、 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a fal
18、ling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.I really didnt know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs do
19、wn - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me I still loved what I di
20、d. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.I didnt see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was
21、 replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.
22、 Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apples current renaiss
23、ance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.Im pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadnt been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Dont lose faith. Im convinced that the only t
24、hing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. Youve got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to
25、do great work is to love what you do. If you havent found it yet, keep looking. Dont settle. As with all matters of the heart, youll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Dont settle.My third s
26、tory is about death.When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: “If you live each day as if it was your last, someday youll most certainly be right.“ It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: “If today
27、were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?“ And whenever the answer has been “No“ for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.Remembering that Ill be dead soon is the most important tool Ive ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life
28、. Because almost everything all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have somethi
29、ng to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didnt even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type
30、of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctors code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought youd have the next 10 years to tell them i
31、n just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into
32、 my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with su
33、rgery. I had the surgery and Im fine now.This was the closest Ive been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:No one wants to d
34、ie. Even people who want to go to heaven dont want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Lifes change agent. It clears out the old to make way
35、for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.Your time is limited, so dont waste it living someone elses life. Dont be trapped by dogma which is living with the results o
36、f other peoples thinking. Dont let the noise of others opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.When I was young, there was an amazing public
37、ation called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was
38、 all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it h
39、ad run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay
40、 Foolish.“ It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.Thank you all very much http:/news-service.stanford.edu/news/2005/june15/jobs-061505
41、.html 翻译： 史蒂夫 乔布斯(Steve Jobs)在斯坦福大学 2005 年毕业典礼上的演讲 本文是苹果电脑总裁 Steve Jobs 在 2005 年斯坦佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲，这位苹果电脑公司（Apple Computer）和皮克斯动画公司（ Pixar Animation Studios）首席执行官在演讲中谈到了他生活中的三次体验。 译文：斯坦福是世界上最好的大学之一，今天能参加各位的毕业典礼，我深感荣幸。（尖叫声）我大学没毕业，说句实话，此时算是我离大学毕业最近的一刻。（笑声）今天，我想和各位分享我生命中的三个故事，并非什么了不得的大事，仅仅是三个小故事而已。 第一个故事 串起
42、生命的点滴 我在里德大学呆了 6 个月就退学了，但之后仍作为旁听生混了 18 个月后才最终离开。我为什么要退学呢？ 故事要从我出生之前开始说起。我的生母是一名年轻的未婚妈妈，当时她还是一所大学的在读研究生，于是决定把我送给其他人收养。她坚持我应该被一对念过大学的夫妇收养，所以在我出生的时候，她已经为我被一个律师和他的太太收养做好了所有的准备。但在最后一刻，这对夫妇改了主意，决定收养一个女孩。侯选名单上的另外一对夫妇，也就是我的养父母，在一天午夜接到了一通电话：“有一个不请自来的男婴，你们想收养吗？”他们回答：“当然想。”事后，我的生母才发现我的养母根本就没有从大学毕业，而我的养父甚至连高中都没
43、有毕业，所以她拒绝签署最后的收养文件，直到几个月后，我的养父母保证会把我送到大学，她的态度才有所转变。 17 年之后，我真上了大学。但因为年幼无知，我选择了一所和斯坦福一样昂贵的大学，（笑声）我的父母都是工人阶级，他们倾其所有资助我的学业。在 6 个月之后，我发现自己完全不知道这样念下去究竟有什么用。当时，我的人生漫无目标，也不知道大学对我能起到什么帮助，为了念书，还花光了父母毕生的积蓄，所以我决定退学。我相信车到山前必有路。当时作这个决定的时候非常害怕，但现在回头去看，这是我这一生所作出的最正确的决定之一。（笑声）从我退学那一刻起，我就再也不用去上那些我毫无兴趣的必修课了，我开始旁听那些看来
44、比较有意思的科目。 这件事情做起来一点都不浪漫。因为没有自己的宿舍，我只能睡在朋友房间的地板上；可乐瓶的押金是 5 分钱，我把瓶子还回去好用押金买吃的；在每个周日的晚上，我都会步行 7 英里穿越市区，到 Hare Krishna 教堂去吃我一周里唯一的一顿大餐。那顿餐的味道美极了。我跟随好奇心和直觉所遇见的和做的事情，事后证明大多数都是极其珍贵的经验。 我举一个例子：那个时候，里德大学提供了全美国最好的字体学课程。整个校园的每一张海报，每一个抽屉上的标签，都是漂亮的字体。由于已经退学，不用再去上那些常规的课程，于是我选择了一个字体学班，想学学如何能够做的到。在这个班上，我学习了各种衬线和无衬线
45、字体，如何改变不同字体组合之间的字间距，以及如何做出漂亮的版式。那是一种科学永远无法捕捉的充满美感、历史感和艺术感的微妙，我发现这太有意思了。 当时，我压根儿没想到这些知识会在我的生命中有什么实用价值；但是 10 年之后，当我们的设计第一款Macintosh 电脑的候，这些东西全派上了用场。我把它们全部设计进了 Mac，这是第一台可以排出好看版式的电脑。如果当时我大学里没有旁听这门课程的话，Mac 就不会提供各种字体和等间距字体。自从 Windows 抄袭了Mac 以后，（鼓掌大笑）所有的个人电脑都有了这些东西。如果我没有退学，我就不会去字体班旁听，而今天的个人电脑大概也就不会有出色的版式功能
46、。当然我在念大学的那会儿，不可能有先见之明，把那些生命中的点点滴滴都串起来；但 10 年之后再回头看，生命的轨迹变得非常清晰。 再强调一次，你不可能充满预见地将生命的点滴串联起来；只有在你回头看的时候，你才会发现这些点点滴滴之间的联系。所以，你要坚信，你现在所经历的将在你未来的生命中串联起来。你不得不相信某些东西，你的直觉，命运，生活，因缘际会正是这种信仰让我不会失去希望，它让我的人生变得与众不同。 第二个故事 关于爱与失去。 我是幸运的，在年轻的时候就知道了自己爱做什么。在我 20 岁的时候，就和沃兹在我父母的车库里开创了苹果电脑公司。我们勤奋工作，只用了 10 年的时间，苹果电脑就从车库里
47、的两个小伙子扩展成拥有 4000 名员工，价值达到 20 亿美元的企业。而在此之前的一年，我们刚推出了我们最好的产品 Macintosh 电脑，当时我刚过而立之年。然后，我就被炒了鱿鱼。一个人怎么可以被他所创立的公司解雇呢？（笑声）这么说吧，随着苹果的成长，我们请了一个原本以为很能干的家伙和我一起管理这家公司，在头一年左右，他干得还不错，但后来，我们对公司未来的前景出现了分歧，于是我们之间出现了矛盾。由于公司的董事会站在他那一边，所以在我 30 岁的时候，就被踢出了局。我失去了一直贯穿在我整个成年生活的重心，打击是毁灭性的。 在头几个月，我真不知道要做些什么。我觉得我让企业界的前辈们失望了，我
48、失去了传到我手上的指挥棒。我遇到了戴维帕卡德（普惠的创办人之一译注）和鲍勃诺伊斯（英特尔的创办人之一译注），我向他们道歉，因为我把事情搞砸了。我成了人人皆知的失败者，我甚至想过逃离硅谷。但曙光渐渐出现，我还是喜欢我做过的事情。在苹果电脑发生的一切丝毫没有改变我，一个比特（bit）都没有。虽然被抛弃了，但我的热忱不改。我决定重新开始。 我当时没有看出来，但事实证明，我被苹果开掉是我这一生所经历过的最棒的事情。成功的沉重被凤凰涅盘的轻盈所代替，每件事情都不再那么确定，我以自由之躯进入了我整个生命当中最有创意的时期。 在接下来的 5 年里，我开创了一家叫做 NeXT 的公司，接着是一家名叫 Pixar 的公司，并且接识了后来成为我妻子的曼妙女郎。Pixar 制作了世界上第一部全电脑动画电影 玩具总动员，现在这家公司是世界上最成功
