1、共 9 页 第 1 页2013 年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科 目 名 称 及 代 码 ： 基础英语 611 适 用 专 业 （ 领 域 ） ： 外国语言学及应用语言学考 生 需 带 的 工 具 ： 考 生 注 意 事 项 ： 所 有 答 案 必 须 做 在 答 题 纸 上 ， 做 在 试 题 纸 上 一 律 无 效 ； 按 试 题 顺 序 答 题 ， 在 答 题 纸 上 标 明 题 目 序 号 。I. Paraphrase（20 points, 2 points each）Write your answer on the answer sheet1. Little donkeys t
2、hread their way among the throngs of people.2. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was.3. I will unsay no word that I have spoken about it.4. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.5. The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament
3、.6. The generator was doused and the lights went out.7. People with brown skins are next door to invisible.8. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each others lives.9. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders instead of its terrors.10. Given a description such as this one tends to make certain as
4、sumption.II. Vocabulary and Grammar（20 points, 1 point each）Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was_.A. leaking B. trickling C. dripping D. floati
5、ng2. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone _an opportunity to hear the speech.A. ought to have B. must have C. may have D. should have3. It was _we had hoped.A. more a success than B. a success more than C. as much of a success as D. a success as much as4. There used to be a petrol st
6、ation near the park,_?共 9 页 第 2 页A. didnt it B. doesnt there C. usednt it D. didnt there5. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, _the spoilt ones.A. not counting B. not to count C. dont count D. having not counted6. I was to have made a speech if .A. I was not called away B. nobody would ha
7、ve called me away C. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away7. I felt that I was not yet to travel abroad.A. too strong B. strong enough C. so strong D. enough strong8. The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to that it was a car.A. ensure B. examine C. verify D. testify 9. The
8、 encouraging factor is that the majority of people find the idea of change acceptable. A. numerous B. vast C. most D. massive10. The increase in student numbers many problems for the universities. A. forces B. presses C. provides D. poses11. Please from smoking until the aeroplane is airborne.A. ref
9、rain B. prevent C. resist D. restrain12. Reporters and photographers alike took great at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A. annoyance B. offence C. resentment D. irritation13. Topics for composition should be to the experiences and interests of the students.A. concerned B. depend
10、ent C. connecting D. relevant 14. The novel contains some marvelously revealing of rural life in the 19th century.A. glances B. glimpses C. glares D. gleams 15. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.A. re
11、action B. comment C. impression D. comprehension16. When there was a short in the conversation, I asked if anyone would like anything to drink. A. blank B. space C. pause D. wait17. You can do it if you want to, but in my opinion its not worth the it involves.共 9 页 第 3 页A. effort B. strength C. atte
12、mpt D. force18. The main road through Littlebury was blocked for three hours today after an accident two lorries.A. involving B. including C. combining D. containing19. Very few scientists with completely new answers to the worlds problems.A. come to B. come round C. come on D. come up 20. Hotel roo
13、ms must be by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter. A. departed B. abandoned C. vacated D. displacedIII. Fill in each blank with one suitable word （30 points, 2 points each）; write your answer on the answer sheetMore than 30,000 drivers _1_ front seat passengers are killed _2_ seriously inj
14、ured each year. At a speed of only 30miles _3_ hour it is the same _4_ falling from the thirdfloor window. Wearing a seat belt saves lives: it reduces your chance of death _5_ serious injury by more than a half._6_ drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. _7_
15、you do not, you could be fined _8_ to 50. It will not be _9_ _10_ the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility _11_ make sure _12_ children under 14 do not ride _13_ the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.However, you do not have to wear
16、a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you gave a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. “Make sure these circumstances apply _14_ you before you decide not to wear your seat belt.” Remember
17、 you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused _15_ wearing it.IV. Reading（40 points, 2 points each）Read the following passages and answer the multiple-choice questions; decide on the best choice and mark the correspondin
18、g letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1 共 9 页 第 4 页When the persuading and the planning for the Western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the dangerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lin
19、es. The men who took it on comprised the most cosmopolitan work crew in American history. They included Civil War veterans and freed slaves, Irish and German immigrants, Mormons and atheists，Shoshonis, Paiutes ,Washes, and Chinese.At the peak of their labors, the work crews laid two to five miles of
20、 track a day. The men filled ravines，ran spidery trestles cross rivers and valleys, and punched holes through mountains. And they did all these jobs largely by their own muscle power.Flatcars carried rails to within half a mile of the railhead; there the iron was loaded onto carts. An eyewitness des
21、cribed the procedure: “A light car, drawn by a single horse, gallops up to the front with its load of rails. Two men seize the end of a rail and start forward, the rest of the gang taking hold by twos until it is clear o the car. They come forward at a run. At the word of command, the rail is droppe
22、d in its place, right side up less than thirty seconds to a rail for each gang, and so four rails go down to the minute.”1. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?A. An Eyewitness Report B. A Difficult Task C. The Hiring of a Construction Crew D. The Railroad and the Civil
23、 War 2. According to the passage, in addition to laying railroad track, the work crew did which of the following?A. Climbed over mountain peaks B. Planned railroads C. Caught horses D. Made tunnels3. In Line 14, the word “they “refers to _.A. men B. visible to C. mountains D .jobs 4. Which of the fo
24、llowing phrases could be substituted for the phrase “clear of” (line 13) without changing the meaning of the sentence?A. put through B. visible to C. away from D. open to Passage 2Giving weathermen a view of hurricanes，typhoons, and bigger scale cloud formations from an observation post some 200 to
25、1500 miles high thats the job of our first earth satellite that “sees”.The twoeyed orbiter, officially called the “cloud cover satellite,” has been nicknamed the Weatherbird by its designers. It was predicted that the Weatherbird, during its batteries life of about two weeks, would permit the 共 9 页
26、第 5 页most accurate weather forecasts ever made, for clouds are the satellite signs of great air movements that make the weather.A pioneering kind of television satellite, the Weatherbird itself serves as a TV camera, taking advantage of its own motions to scan the earth in TV style.A photocell in ea
27、ch telescopic eye peers at a small area of the earth and gauges its brightness. Meanwhile, the “moon” spins, once a second, sweeping the eye over a curved strip of the earth. The eye scans adjacent strips (with a slight overlap ) as the “moon” orbits, building up a TV picture that is taped, radioed
28、to earth, taped again, and finally transmitted to film for viewing.What results from each orbit is a photograph of the vast belt of cloudspotted earth, roughly 12500 miles long the worlds sunlit half and up to some 2500 miles wide at the maximum range of coverage. Successive orbits picture most of t
29、he world. Under ideal conditions, Weather birds eyes are sharp enough to distinguish a natural feature only six miles square, smaller than the islands of Nantucket, St Helena, or Balpan.5. The job of our first earth satellite that is able to see is to _.A. give weatherman a world wide view of weathe
30、r conditions B. disperse hurricanesC. make rain D. spy on the Russians 6. The satellite is officially named _.A. the two-eyed orbiter B. television satellite C. weatherboard D. the cloud cover satellite 7. The artificial moon spins at the rate of _-.A. once per second B.100 times per second C. once
31、per hour D.60 times per hour 8. The possible help to people given by the Weatherbird is _.A. to decide whether people live on other planets B. to know more about astrology C. to observe flying saucers D. to observe flying saucersPassage 3To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to u
32、nderstand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of th
33、e seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It 共 9 页 第 6 页begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-onthe consumer approach is known as
34、 the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is
35、 benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction the firm and the customer and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to pro
36、fit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The nonacceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt res
37、toration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!9. The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, _.A. the practice of turning goods into money B. making goods available for purchase C. the customercentred approach D. a form of persuasive
38、salesmanship10. What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?A. The needs of the market. B. The efficiency of production.C. The satisfaction of the user. D. The preferences o the dealer.11. According to the passage, “to move as much of these goods as p
39、ossible” (Line 4, Para.1) means “_”.A. to sell the largest possible amount of goods B. to transport goods as efficiently as possible C. to dispose of these goods in large quantities D. to redesign these goods for large-scale production12. In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on _.
40、A. Its main characteristic B. Its social impactC. Its possible consequence D. Its theoretical basis Passage 4If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most our brains 共 9 页 第 7 页are not getting enough exercisea
41、nd as result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.With a team of colleagues
42、at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.“Computer technology enable the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect and emotio
43、n, and determine the human character.” The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional facilities.Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some sub
44、jects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy year olds.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there was a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age using the head.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in
45、 people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.
46、Matsuzawas findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain”, he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Dont
47、rely on pocket calculators.”13. The team of doctors wanted to find out _.A. why certain people age sooner than others B. how to make people live longer C. the size of certain peoples brains D. which people are most intelligent 14. On what are their research findings based?A. a survey of farmers in northern Japan 共 9 页 第 8 页B. Tests performed on a thousand old people C. The study of brain volumes of different people D. The latest development of computer technology 15. The doctors tests s
