1、1英文文献引用规范1、文献引证参考文献引用的规范按（the American Psychological Association）规范，本节提供部分实例，供参考。1.1 正文中的引证学位论文引用别人的观点、方法、言论必须注明出处，注明出处时应该使用括号夹注的方法，一般不使用脚注或者尾注。1.1.1 引用整篇文献的观点引用整篇文献（即全书或全文）观点时有两种情况，一种是作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现，如：Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sourc
2、es of inspiration for writing (Taylor, 1990).另一种情况是作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，如：Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (1990).如果作者的姓氏和文献出版年份均已在正文同一句中出现，如：In a 1990 article, Taylor claims that Charlotte
3、and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing.在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊，括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏，不得使用汉字，如： (Zhang, 2005) 1.1.2 引用文献中具体观点或文字引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出现的页码，没有页码是文献引用不规范的表现。例如:Emily Bronte “expressed increasing hostility f
4、or the world of human relationships, whether sexual or social” (Taylor, 1988, p. 11).2Newmark (1988, pp. 39-40) notes three characteristically expressive text-types: (a) serious imaginative literature (e.g. lyrical poetry); (b) authoritative statements (political speeches and documents, statutes and
5、 legal documents, philosophical and academic works by acknowledged authorities); (c) autobiography, essays, personal correspondence (when these are personal effusions).注意在这些例子中引文超过一页时的页码标记方法：(1988, pp. 39-40)。假若作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，则不需要在括号夹注中重复，如：Taylor writes that Emily Bronte “expressed increasing host
6、ility for the world of human relationships, whether sexual or social” (1988, p. 11).1.1.3 引用多位作者写作的同一文献两位作者:Research (Yamada Sullivan, Weinert Weinert translated 1913)1.2.3 著录尚未正式出版的文献硕博士论文（Dissertation）Thompson, L. (1988). Social perception in negotiation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Northwe
7、stern University, Evanston, IL.学术会议上的报告（Conference paper）Hogan, R., Raskin, R., & Fazzini, D. (1988, October). The dark side of charisma. Paper presented at the Conference on Psychological Measures and Leadership, San Antonio, TX.研究报告Elman, J., & Zipser, D. (1987). Learning the hidden structure of s
8、peech (Report No. 8701). Institute for Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego.小册子（A brochure）Research and Training Center on Independent Living. (1993). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with disabilities (4th ed.) Brochure. Lawrence, KS: Author.1.2.4 著录非印刷材料9电影或录像Smi
9、th, J.D. (Producer), & Smithee, A.F. (Director). (2001). Really Big Disaster Movie Motion picture. United States: Paramount Pictures.假若著录非正式发行的电影或录像，则应报告收藏该电影或录像的地方，如：Harris, M. (Producer), & Turley, M. J. (Director). (2002). Writing Labs: A History Motion picture. (Available from Purdue University
10、Pictures, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907)电视广播节目和系列报道（A Radio/Television Broadcast/Series）Important, I.M. (Producer). (1990, November 1). The Nightly News Hour. Television broadcast. New York: Central Broadcasting Service.Bellisario, D.L. (Producer). (1992). Exciting Action Show. Television
11、 series. Hollywood: American Broadcasting Company.电视系列报道分集（A Single Episode of a Television Series）Wendy, S. W. (Writer), & Martian, I.R. (Director). (1986). The rising angel and the falling ape. Television series episode. In D. Dude (Producer), Creatures and monsters. Los Angeles: Belarus Studios.音
12、乐节目（A music recording）Songwriter, W. W. (Date of copyright). Title of song Recorded by artist if different from song writer. On Title of album Medium of recording. Location: Label. (Recording date if different from copyright date)Taupin, B. (1975). Someone saved my life tonight Recorded by Elton Joh
13、n. On Captain fantastic and the brown dirt cowboy CD. London: Big Pig Music Limited.本例中“Taupin”为演唱人， “(1975)”为版权获得日期， “Someone saved my life tonight”为歌名， “Elton John”为录制人， “On Captain fantastic and the brown dirt cowboy”为歌曲集的名称， “CD”表示该歌曲集为光碟。最后是出版地点和出版商。1.2.5 著录汉语著作和文章如果在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊，括号夹注中只需用
14、汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏（见第 3.1.1 节） ，相应的，参考文献著录的条目必须按10作者姓氏汉语拼音的字母顺序与英文文献的条目一同排列。条目中凡正文中未加引用的内容均不必翻译。例如：Wang, C. M. 王初明等人，2000，以写促学：一项英语写作教学改革的试验. 外语教学与研究（3）：230236。Wen, Q. F. 文秋芳，2003，英语学习者的成功之路. 上海：上海外语教育出版社。如果正文用了文献的英译标题，则著录的条目也必须出现该英译标题，如：Wen, Q. F. 文秋芳，2003，英语学习者的成功之路 English learners path to success . 上海：
15、上海外语教育出版社。引用中文期刊文章，必须标明文章出现的页码。条目中的汉语不得使用斜体。1.2.6 著录网络出版物著录网络出版物必须标明出版物的上传日期和论文撰写人上网查询的日期（date of retrieval） ，标明网址。条目中网址如需断开换行，必须在“/”之后或者“.”之前，网址中不得出现空格。网络期刊（online journal）上的文章（1）纸印期刊的电子版：VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychol
16、ogy undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123. Retrieved Oct. 13, 2001, from http:/jbr.org/articles.html注意：APA 规范在著录网络出版物时在条目的结尾处不使用任何标点符号。（2）仅有网络版的期刊Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved Nov. 20, 2000, from http:/journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre01a.html该例中，“Article 0001a”为网页上文章序号。报纸电子版中的文章
