1、Unit 3 Topic1 一.重点词语1.be able to=can 能够,会2.cant wait to do sth.迫不急待地做某事3.have a (good) chance to do sth.有(好)机会做某事4.practice doing sth.练习做某事5.be made by被制做;be made of/from由制成;be made in在某地制造6.on business出差7.be similar to和相似8.translateinto把翻译成9.have no/some trouble (in) doing sth.做某事没有/有些困难10.once in
2、a while=sometimes/at times偶尔,间或11.whenever=no matter when无论何时12.as well as以及13.mother tongue 母语14.take the leading position处于领先地位15.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事16.call for号召二.重点句型1.Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world.世界上数以百万的人们都喜欢迪斯尼乐园。2.I hope I can go there one d
3、ay. 希望有一天我能去那儿。3.English is widely spoken around the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。4.It is also spoken as a second language in many countries.在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。5.It is possible that you will have some trouble.你可能会遇到一些麻烦。6.Its used as the first language by most people in America, Canada, Australia ,Great Britain an
4、d New Zealand.它被美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。7.And two thirds of the worlds scientists read English.并且世界上三分之二的科学家用英语阅读。三.语法学习一般现在时的被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。如：We clean the classroom.我们打扫教室。主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。如：The classroom is cleaned (by us).教室被（我们）打扫。1 被动语态的构成：助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）其中 b
5、y意为“被；由” ，表动作的执行者。如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与 be作为连系动词时完全一样。如：English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式）English is not widely spoken around the world. （否定式）Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑问式） Yes, it is./No, it isnt.2 被动语态的用法：（1）在
6、没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。 （2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。3 主、被动语态的转换：主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它）注意：（1）主动、被动互转时，时态不变。 （2）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态 by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。如：(1)People grow rice in the south. Rice is gro
7、wn (by people) in the south.(2)She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of (by her).四.交际用语：谈论英语的广泛使用1.-Youll have a good chance to practice speaking English there.-Youre right. 2.-But Im not good at English. Im a little afraid. -Dont worry.3.-Is Spanish similar to English? -Not really.Topi
8、c 2 一. 重点词语1.by the way 顺便说一下 2.depend on 取决于；依靠3.be different from与不同 4.succeed in 成功，达成5.make yourself understood表达你自己的意思6.on ones way to 在某人去的路上7.see sb. Off给送行8.leave for前往某地/leavefor离开去9.in twenty minutes二十分钟之后10.written English笔头英语/oral English 英语口语11.generally speaking一般说来，大致上说12.as for sb./s
9、th.至于某人/某物13.be close to靠近 14.in person 身体上，外貌上；亲自15.be found of爱好16.be forced to do sth.被迫做/force sb.to do 强迫某人做某事17.even worse 更糟的是二.重点句型1. Is Australia English the same as British English? 澳式英语和英式英语一样吗?2.English is spoken differently in different English-speaking countries.不同的国家使用不同的英语。3. For exa
10、mple, there are differences between British English and American English.例如，在英式英语和美式英语之间有些不同点。4 I cant believe that Im flying to Disneyland.我简直不敢相信我就要飞往迪斯尼乐园了。5.I hope I wont have any difficulty.我希望不会遇到什么困难。6.Whenever you need help, send me an-mail or telephone me.无论何时你需要帮忙，给我发电子邮件或打电话。7.Not only ch
11、ildren but also adults enjoy spending their holidays in Disneyland.不但青少年而且成年人也喜欢到迪斯尼乐园度假。三、 语法学习用现在进行时表示将来现在进行时表示将来时，常有“意图” 、 “安排” （但不是固定不变的）或“打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是位移动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, die例：Im going.我要走了。 When are you starting?你什么时候动身？Dont worry. The t
12、rain is arriving here soon.别着急，火车马上就到了。表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外，亦可用于某些非位移动词。如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.我叔叔明天会见我们。She is buying a new bike soon.她不久将买一辆新自行车。四.交际用语：谈论不同国家英语的不同点并了解交际中的身体语言1.I cant follow you. Can you speak more slowly, please?2.Oh, it sounds interesting.3.If you want to succeed in ma
13、king yourself understood, you need to know some of these differences4.-Whats up? -The foreigner is asking for a ride.5.Generally speaking, American English is different from British English in pronunciation and spelling.Topic 3 一、 重点词语1.in public在公共场所 2.at times=sometimes 有时3.feel like doing=would l
14、ike to do想要做4.give up sth./doing sth.放弃 5.turn to sb. for help 求助于某人6.give sb. some advice on/about给某人一些有关的建议7.be weak in在方面很差/be good at 在方面很好8.be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 9.make mistakes 犯错误10.take a deep breath深呼吸 11.the best time to do 做某事最好的时间12.do some listening practice做些听力训练 13.reply to=ans
15、wer 回答14.advise sb. to do建议某人做某事（名词 advice）二、 重点句型1.Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A?在美国，别人能懂得你的话吗？2.I dont know what to do.我不知道该怎么办？3.At times I feel like giving up.有时我想要放弃。4.Try to guess the meanings of the new words, and get the main idea of the article.尽量猜测生词的意思，理解文章的大意。5.I dare n
16、ot answer questions in class, because Im afraid of making mistakes.我不敢在课堂上回答问题，困为我害怕犯错误。6.Its an honor to talk with all of you.与在座的各位交谈是我的荣幸。7.But remember to choose the ones that fit you best.但是记住要选择最适合你的一种。8.I insist that you practice English every day.我坚持认为你们每天都应该练习英语。9.Believing in yourself is t
17、he first step on the road to success.自信是通往成功的第一步。三、 语法学习wh- +to do wh-是指 when, where, which, who(m)及 how等连接词，它们和动词不定式连用，即为 wh- +to do结构。这种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语，作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。(对于谓语动词来说，wh- +to do这个不定式动词的动作是个尚未发生的动作，所以在转换成宾语从句时，通常须加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。)如：I dont know what to do.=I dont know what I should do.She ca
18、nt decide which to buy.=she cant decide which she will buy.反之，如果主句中的主语与宾语从句中的主语一致时，宾语从句（由疑问词引导）通常可以与“疑问词+不定式”互相转换。如：I dont know what I should do.=I dont know what to do.如果不一致就不能转换。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能说:I want to know what to do.)四、交际用语：谈论如何学习英语1.-, but I hate to speak English in publ
19、ic. -Youd better not.2.-I know its very important to learn English well. But its difficult for me. -Me, too.3.Have you ever had any difficulties in studying English?4.-, could you give us some advice on how to learn English well?-Youd better follow the tape and do some listening practice.I think the
20、 best time to remember new words is in the morning. Unit 4 Topic 1 一、 重点词汇：（一）词形转换：1. successful（副词） 2. proper（副词）3. completely（动词） 4. leader（动词）5. succeed（名词） 6. hero（复数）7. physics（形容词） 8. fix（同义词）9. introduce（名词） 10. far（比较级）（二）重点词组：1. go around 环绕2. sendinto =send upinto 把送入 3. congratulations on
21、 sth 祝贺某事4. be proud of 为而自豪5. be moved by 为而感动6. Thanks/Thank you for +n./ving sth 感谢某人做的某事7. have physical examinations 做体检 8. in good/bad health 处于好（不好）的身体状态9. cant help doing 情不自禁做10. take turn to (do sth) 轮流（做某事）11. no doubt 无疑地12. as well as 除的之外，也13. for instance/example 例如14. work on 做（方面）的工
22、作15. depend on/upon 依靠，依赖16. turn on 打开17. turn off 关掉18. turn up 开大19. turn down 关小20. click on 用鼠标点击21. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事 二、重点句型：1. Now big plans are being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station.现在中国正在计划发射更多的卫星，甚至建造一个空间站。(1) 句子“are being made”是现在进行时的被动语态，结构“be
23、 being+过去分词” 。(2) 主动句中的宾补如果是不带 to 的不定式时，变成被动句后，成为主补的不定式必须带 to,常见跟不带 to 的复合宾语的动词有 see、feel、hear、make 等。2. Im moved by what Yang Liwei did. 我被杨利伟所做的事感动了。(1) What Yang Liwei did 是介词 by 的宾语从句，意为 “杨利伟所做的事”(2) be moved by 为而感动 如：The students are moved by the old mans story.同学们为那位老人的故事而感动。3. Generally spea
24、king, we are in good health now.一般来说，我们现在的健康状况良好。(1) generally speaking “一般来说、大体上、大概”(2) in good/bad health 处于好（不好）的身体状况。如:He has a cold, he is always in bad health. 他感冒了，他的身体状况总是不好。4. We couldnt help looking at the earth again and again.我们忍不住再三地看着地球。 (1) cant/couldnt help doing sth. 忍不住做某事，不能停止做某事。
25、如： I cant help crying. 我忍不住哭了。(2) again and again 一再，屡次，如： The teacher has told him again and again.老师已屡次和他讲过了。5. I was able to fall asleep as soon as I got into the sleeping bag.We took turns to have a rest. 一进入睡袋我就睡着了。我们轮流休息。take turns to (do sth.) 轮流（做某事） 。The Browns take turns to look after the
26、baby. 布朗一家轮流照看这个婴儿。6. It has proved that China has made great progress in developing its space industry. 这证明了中国航天业的发展已取得了巨大的进步。It has proved that 这证明了7.There is no doubt that computers are widely used by workers in business and technology.毫无疑问,电脑被商业,科技工作者广泛地应用.There is no doubt that 译为 “毫无疑问” 如:Ther
27、e is no doubt that we should protect the environment.毫无疑问我们应该保护环境。8. Computers have made the world smaller, like a “village”.电脑使得世界变小了，就像一个“村庄” 。make+宾语+形容词 “使怎样” 如：Well try our best to make our country more and more beautiful.我们将尽全力使我产的国家越来越美丽.三、日常交际用语：Congratulations!Thanks for your introduction.P
28、leased to meet you. =Nice to meet you.Its an honor to interview you now.What do you think of ShenZhou VI? =What are your thoughts about ShenZhou VI?四、重点语法：宾语补足语: 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词和动词不定式等。（一） 、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语。如：1.We call him Jim.（名词） 我们叫他吉姆。2.We must keep our school
29、 clean every day.（形容词） 我们必须每天保持校园清洁。3.Call him in, please.（副词） 请叫他进来。4.Leave it on the desk.（介词短语） 把它留在课桌上。（二） 、动词不定式作宾语补足语可分为三种情况：1.跟带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有： ask, tell, get, teach, want, invite, like, allow, wish, encourage 等。如：Tell Jane to sing us a song.叫简给我们唱支歌。2.跟不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有 “一感（
30、feel ） 、二听（listen to, hear）,三让（make, let, have）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）如：Lets have a rest.让我们休息一会儿。但这种结构变成被动语态时，to 必须加上。如：He was seen to leave the room with a book in his hand.有人见他手拿着一本书离开这个房间。3.跟带 to 或不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 这类动词只有 help。如：Can you help me (to) wash my clothes ? 你能帮我洗衣服吗？（三） 、分词作
31、宾语补足语可分为两种情况。1.现在分词作宾语补足语，经常表示正在发生的动作。可跟这类补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear 等。如：I hear somebody singing in the next room. 我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。2.过去介词作宾语补足语，经常表示被动。如：You need to have your hair cut. 你需要理发了。Topic 2 一、 重点词汇：1. be used for +ving 被用做2. come true 实现3. Its said that 据说4. during/in ones life 某人一生5. be known as
32、 以 （身份）而著名6. know/say for certain 确切知道/ 肯定地说7. all the time 一直、总是8. no longer=notany longer 不再(no more, notany more)9. as long as 只要10. as far as 就 ，尽11. make a great contribution 对作出巨大贡献12. the rest of the time 在其余地时间里13. at any time 在任何时候二、 重点句型：1. Because Im not allowed to play computer games. 因为
33、我不可以玩电脑游戏。allow “允许、准许”的意思。常用于以下几种形式：(1) allow +n./prep 如： We cant allow such a thing. 我们不容许这种事情发生。(2) allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事 如： She allowed me to go fishing.她允许我去钓鱼。(3) allow +doing sth 允许做某事 如： We dont allow smoking in the reading-room.我们不允许在阅览室吸烟。(4) be allowed to do sth 如：被允许做某事The students
34、 are allowed to play games on the play ground after school.放学后学生们被准许在操场上做游戏。2. How do you say this in English? 这用英语怎么说？其意思与 Whats this in English 相同。3. Its made from wood. 它用木材做的。(1) be made in 在地方制造，后接表示地点的名词。(2) be made of 用制造的，表示原材料未经化学变化，仍可看得出原材料。(3) be made from 用制造的，表示原材料经过化学变化，已看不出其原样。(4) be
35、made by 由（被） （人）制作，后接表示人的名词或代词。(5) be made into （某物）被制成(6) be made up of 由组成 如：The TV set is made in Japan. 这台电视机是日本生产的。These houses are made of stones. 这些房子是由石头建造的。Paper is made from wood. 纸是木头造的。Was this cake made by your mother? 这蛋糕是你妈妈做的吗？Metal can be made into all kinds of things. 金属可以制成各种各样的物品
36、。The medical team is made up of ten doctors. 这支医疗队由 10 位大夫组成。4. Its used for helping us to improve our English. 它用来帮助我们提高英语水平。(1) be used for+ving be used to do （被）用来做 强调用途或作用(2)be used as （被）作为 而用，强调被当作工具或手段来用。(3)be used by 被使用，by 后跟人/ 物，强调使用者。如:Pens are used for writing. 钢笔被用来写字。Wood is used to ma
37、ke paper. 木材被用来造纸。English is used as a foreign language in China. 英语在中国被当作外语使用。Recorders are often used by English teachers. 英语老师经常使用录音机。5. People are surprised at the rapid development of robots.人们为机器人的飞速发展感到惊讶。句子中 be surprised at是一个系表结构，表示“对感到惊讶” 。而 be surprised by是一个被动语态形式，表示“被所惊讶” 。如：I am surpri
38、sed at you. 我对你的举动感到诧异。The manager was surprised by what he saw on the computer.那位经理被眼前出现在电脑屏幕上的东西所惊讶。6. They will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.它们将不再愿意做我们的人，而要做我们的主人。no longer（通常在动词前） ，notany longer; not any more（用于非正式文体中）都可表示“（过去曾）现在不再” 如：She no longer lives here.She doesnt li
39、ve here any longer(或 any more).她不在这儿住了。 （过去她曾住这儿）7. This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen.在夜间只要天气晴朗，能看见星星，这种方法就能很好地发挥作用。work well 有效 as long as 只要三、日常交际用语：Whats it made of from? When/where was it made?It was invented in 1879. What will our futur
40、e be like?I hope your dream will come true.四、重点语法：1、 一般过去时的被动语态谓语部分的基本形式是 be 的过去式 was/were+及物动词的过去分词。如：When was it made? 它是什么时候制造的？It was made in 1980.它是 1980 年制造的。When was the digital camera invented? 数码像机是什么时候发明的？It was invented in 1975. 它是 1975 年发明的。2、时间前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用 in，日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用 on，上午下午又
41、是 in。要说某日上下午，用 on 换 in 才能行。 午夜黄昏须用 at，黎明用它也不错。at 也用在时分前，说“差”可要用上 to。说“过”只可使用 past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月成蹉跎。Topic 3 一、重点词汇：1.travel by spaceship 乘宇宙飞船旅行2.in the future 将来 3.in order to 为了4.on the radio 通过收音机5.take part in 参加6.grow up 成长、长大7.preferto 喜欢胜过8.Whats worse 更为糟糕的是9.be worth it 有好处，值得一干10.at a distan
42、ce of 相隔 11.send sb a message 给某人发送信息二、重点句型：1. I dont think aliens can be found in space. 我认为外星人不可能出现在太空里。(1)当 think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect 等动词后的宾语从句含有 not 的否定词时，该否定应移至主句，即否定主句的谓语动词。如：I dont think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天不会下雨。如果主句的主语是第二、三人称，否定式一般不转移。如：He supposes they wont win the ga
43、me. 他猜想他们赢不了比赛。(2)can +be +过去分词，是情态动词构成的被动语态。如：This cant be done in a short time. 这不是短期内能完成的。2. It has been two days since we landed on Mars.自从我们登上火星以来已经两天了。it 用作主语谈论时间，常与 since 连用。如：It is(或 has been) three years since we left school.自从我们离开学校以来已经三年了。3. Whats worse, our water supplies were very low.更
44、糟糕的是，我们的水供给是非常有限的。Whats worse 更糟糕的是。类似结构还有：Whats more 更有甚者；更为重要的是。4. Its a quarter as big as the earth. 它是地球的四分之一大。倍数表示法：倍数+as+形容词/副词+as如：This box is three times as heavy as that one. 这只箱子是那只箱子的三倍重。5. Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers.恒星在相隔大约 228000000 千米的地方绕着太阳转
45、动。(1)at a distance of 相隔(2)at a distance 在远处。如：The moon goes around the earth at a distance of 380000km.月球在距地球 38 万千米的地方绕地球旋转。The police followed him at a distance. 警察远远地跟着他。三、 日常交际用语:Sound great! What is it about?What fun! I cant wait.You think man can live in space one day?I Think so. I hope I can live there one day. 四、重点语法：1、情态动词的被动语态:是由 “情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 ”构成。如：Aliens can n
