1、广东省高考英语试题命题思路分析与解题技巧指导,深圳市教科院 廖声斌二零一零年四月,三个转变 三个结合 三个注重,世界语言测试发展新趋势,三个转变(理论观念层面),知识立意 能力立意客观测试 主观测试强调统一 尊重个性,三个结合(方式方法层面),听 说 结 合听 写 结 合读 写 结 合,2011年听说题型,Imitation: 模仿朗读Question and answer: 提问、回答问题Retell: 复述,听力理解+听写题,活动通知表格填空： 内容、时间、地点、要求、 联系电话、注意事项等,例 2008,Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my firs
2、t year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I needed to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things
3、 you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick.Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I loved it good facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The Students Union organi
4、zes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs.One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on the dance team in college and met a ton of people that wayit was so much easier to make friends when you h
5、ad a common ground.,写作内容与要求,写作内容学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动，你参加其中的“大学校园生活”讨论。听完Mike的发言之后，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是“Preparing Myself for College Life”, 内容要点包括： 1. 以约30个词概括Mike的发言要点； 2然后以约120个词谈谈你理想的大学生活，内容包括： (1) 对中学生活的感受； (2) 理想的大学生活； (3) 中学生活和大学生活的差别，以及你打算如何适应。写作要求 1. 在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以 参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子； 2.
6、 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。评分标准 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。,三个注重(内容技巧层面),注 重 语 篇注 重 语 境注 重 语 用,篇 章能 力,考什么？,语言学习和语言测试的目的培养、甄别两种能力通过语言形式获取信息和理解意义的能力通过语言形式传递信息和表达意义的能力 两个目的的高度一致,两种能力的体现,三个层面: 词汇、句子、篇章词汇是个体，句子是组块，篇章是整体。篇章的长短不一,形式各样,但是最能体现语言能力的还是篇章层面。因为我们的语言使用往往是以篇章的 形式出现在具体的语言使用情景中。,怎么考？,从2007年起，课改后的试题结构一改从前多从词汇和句子层面上考
7、察考生对英语语言基础知识的掌握和运用能力，转向注重从语篇层面考察考生对语言意义的理解和产出能力。获取信息和理解信息的能力： 听力、完型填空、 语法填空 阅读、信息匹配传达信息和表达意义的能力： 口语、基础写作和任务写作.语法填空,听力部分,目的: 以声音为渠道，考察学生获取信息 和理解意义的能力。类别: 以获取信息为主，但信息的提取不 局限于词汇和句子层面。（70%） 部分题目要求考生在上下文语境中 进行简单推理获取信息。（30%）,听力材料选材与试题呈现形式,选材: 地道而口语化,贴近学生生活.形式: 问题均以特殊疑问句的形式出现. (有利于考生抓住问题要领) 听取信息均以补全的形式出现.
8、(两者互为补充),提问方式,例 2007,M: Im feeling unhappy. You know, I gave a friend of mine a gift two weeks ago.W: Humm.M: And I havent got any message of receipt of the gift. Im still waiting to hear from her.W: Humm Thats probably one of my biggest problems right now. When I was a kid my parents taught me to w
9、rite a thank-you card that moment. When someone gives you a gift to honor your arrival, your birthday, a holiday or any other occasion it is best to write them a card thanking them for the gift.M: Immediately.W: Yes. Write the card, put it in the mail.M: Thats right.W: Nobody does it anymore, and it
10、 drives me crazy.M: Its going out of style, I guess. I think its very rude.W: Do you think it convenient or people dont know how to do it, because maybe they werent raised and taught to write a thank-you card?M: I think it is a combination of both. People arent doing it as much, andW: Thats horrible
11、.M: Because they dont learn from their parents.W: Its absolutely horrible.M: Yeah.,篇章问题与解答,9: Whats the speakers” attitude towards writing thank-you card? A. They think it outdated. B. They think it inconvenient. C. They think it good to keep the custom. C为最佳答案.必须听完整个对话,并能从”Im feeling unhappy”, ”It
12、drives me crazy.”, ”I think it very rude.”, “Thats absolutely horrible.” 等贯穿整个对话的字里行间去获取有关说话双方的态度. 而对话中局部出现的”Nobody does it anymore.”, “Its gone out of style.”, “inconvenient”等与选项有关的语句和词汇都是干扰因素.,获取信息,一般一词最多二词偶有三词,听取信息答案,2007 16.below freezing 17.late March 18.outdoor games 19.little rain 20.yards an
13、d gardens2008 16.882-1199 17.two pounds/2.5 18.Beech Hotel 19.every Friday afternoon 20.P. Hosegood 2009 16.March 28 17.cartoon characters 18.17 dollars 19.street fair 20.riverside,答案内容,时间地点人物数字(电话,价格,钟点)事件其他,完型填空,目 的: 考察对篇章意义的理解,尤其是 对上下文意义关系的把握.呈现方式: 150-200字左右的连贯的文章 所有选项均为实词 四个选项均为同一类词 每一个选项都符合语法,
14、词类分布规律,名词 动词 形容词 副词2007 5 2 2 12008 2 4 4 02009 3 4 2 1,2007年高考英语完型填空,Wouldnt it be great if we didnt have to remember passwords (密码) again? If we could just sit in front of our computers and be _21_ logged in(登录)? Crave mentions how NEC soft Biodelogon system uses facerecognition technology to log
15、you on to Windows, rather than using a _22_. All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to _23_ your PC. No more _24_, confusing passwords to remember or change everyfew months. After doing a little research, I found this type of _25_ already available to consumers via a relatively _26_applicatio
16、n called FaceCode. The _27_ requires the use of a webcam to recognize and log PC users into their systems. You can add as many _28_ as you want, provided they each have a windows account. If the system _29_to recognize your _30_, you can recall the windows user name and password by using a hot-key c
17、ombination. (141词),2007年英语完型填空选项,21. A. automatically B. personallyC. correctlyD. occasionally22. A. face B. passwordC. softwareD. system23. A. access B. connectC. recognize D. remember24. A. simple B. complicatedC. specialD. useful25. A. computer B. technologyC. password D. application26. A indepen
18、dent B. infrequentC. inexpensive D. instant27. A. account B. consumerC. designer D. software28. A. users B. passwordsC. systems D. computers29. A. begins B. triesC. fails D. stops30. A. account B. nameC. password D. face,2008年高考英语完型填空,Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. Inp
19、articular, there was （and perhaps still is）a belief in fairies（仙女）.Not all of these _21_ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are _22_and cause much human suffering. This is true in the tales about the Changeling. These tell the story of
20、a mother whose baby grows _23_and pale and has changed so much that it is almost _24_ to the parents. It was then _25_ that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and _26_ the human baby with a fairy Changeling. There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the bab
21、ys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothes were just two of the recommended _27_. However, hope was not lost even if the baby had been _28_. In those cases there was often a way to get the _29_ baby back. You could _30_ the Changeling on the firethen it would rise up the
22、 chimney, and you would hear the sound of fairies laughter and soon after you would find your own child safe and sound nearby. (196词),2008年英语完型填空选项,21. A. babies B.believersC. fairiesD. supermen22. A. powerfulB. cruel C. frightenedD. extraordinary23. A. sick B. slim C. shortD. small24. A. uncomforta
23、bleB. unbelievable C. unacceptableD. unrecognizable25. A. feared B. predicted C. heardD. reported26. A. covered B. changed C. replacedD. terrified27. A. cases B. tools C. stepsD. methods28. A. missed B. stolenC. foundD. lost29. A. little B. paleC. sadD. real30. A. seize B. burn C. placeD. hold,2009年
24、高考英语完型填空,Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining, construction, and warfare as the inventor of dynamite（炸药）. On April 12, 1888, Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper _21_ his brother for him and carried an article _22_ the death of Alfred Nobe
25、l. “The merchant of death is dead. ”the article read. “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became _23_ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever Before, died yesterday. ”Nobel was _24_ to find out not that he had died, but that, when his time was up, he would be thought of only as one who profited from
26、 _25_and destruction. To make sure that he was _26_ with love and respect, Nobel arranged in his _27_ to give the largest part of hismoney to _28_ the Nobel prizes, which would be awardedto people who made great _29_ to the causes of peace,literature, and the sciences. So _30_, Noble had to diebefor
27、e he realized what his life was really about. (154词),2009年高考英语完型填空选项,21. A. found B. misunderstood C. mistook D. judged22. A. introducing B. announcing C. implying D. advertising23. A. famous B. sick C. rich D. popular24. A. upset B. anxious C. excited D. pleased25. A. death B. disease C. trouble D.
28、 attack26. A. repaid B. described C. supported D. remembered27. A. book B. article C. will D. contract28. A. established B. form C. develop D. promote29. A. little B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions30. A. generally B. basically C. usually D. certainly,解题思路指导,不要从纯语法的角度去思考,而要从从超出句子层面的语篇意义入手. 也就
29、是说,要确定哪个选项最佳，首先要读懂这个语篇的意义,注意上下文意义之间的逻辑关联并辅之以常识.,解题技巧指导,答案往往就隐藏在上下文里； 有时在前面,有时在后面; 有时在本句,有时在他句.有时要用衔接关系；有时要用逻辑分析方法；有时要用背景知识去识别;偶尔有用语言结构和意义结合的解题思路.,语法填空,目 的:篇章意义的理解,尤其是在上下文 意义关系中应用语法知识的能力. 呈现方式:200字以内的连贯篇章(故事为主) 填入虚词 或用所给实词的适当形式填空 好 处:克服了为考语法而考语法的弱点, 将语法知识的考察和篇章阅读能力 的考察成功地结合起来.,所用词类分布,动词 介词 关联词 代词 限定词
30、 形容词 副词 名词2007 2 2 2 1 2 0 1 0 2008 2 2 2 2 0 2 0 0 2009 3 2 1 2 1 0 0 1 前四类词用的较多, 且每年都不可缺少.,2007年英语语法填空,I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car _31_(break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortunes, I was wondering where I was going to spend the
31、night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _32_ should have thehonor of receiving me _33_ a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a littlehouse. While she was getting me _34_ (settle) into a tiny but clean r
32、oom, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _35_ small town some twenty kilometers away _36_ there was a garage.I had noticed three hens running in my hostesss courtyard andthat night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. _37_ villagers brought me goats cheese a
33、nd honey. We drank together and talked _38_(merry) till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman _39_ the trouble I had caused _40_. (183词),2007年语法填空答案,broke wherewho Other, Someas merrilysettled for a her,2008年英语语法填空,
34、Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people daily life._31_ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop _32_(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(
35、960-1279) was very anxious to help _33_ rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about _34_ day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. One day, he came up with an idea _35_ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired _36_ doi
36、ng this for a whole day, _37_ he felt very happy since the crop did grow _38_ (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately, the leaves of the crop began to wither. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _39_ (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an
37、event develop often _40_ (result) in the contrary to our intention. (175词),2008年语法填空答案,Behing/In after/fromto help but/yethis higherthis/is naturalthat results,2009年英语语法填空,Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult _31_ was to choose a suitable Christmas present forher
38、 father. She wished that he was as easy _32_（please）as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not _33_ pleasantexperience: people stepped on your feet or _34_（push）you with their elbows（肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused in f
39、ront of a counter _35_ some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk.” the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price. ” But Jane knew from past experience that her _36_（choose）of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She
40、found some good quality pipes _37_ sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a whileshe knew that this was a present which was bound to please _38 . When Jane got home，with her small but well-chosen present in her bag，her parents were already _39_ table havi
41、ng supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 40 (inform）. (193词),2009年语法填空答案,it choiceto please ona himpushed atwhere was informed,注 意,通读全文,掌握基本故事情节;注意叙述与议论之间的关系,这关系到谓语动词的时态问题;议论以现在为基点,叙述则常常以一个过去时间为参照.注意句子的语法结构,这关系到需要什么句子成分 ;注意事物之间的关系(主动和被动)这关系到动词(包括非谓语动
42、词)的时态;注意句子之间的意义关系;注意词与词之间的语法关系和搭配关系.有时要凭语感来解题.,阅读理解,目的:重视在篇章层面上对意义的理解,题目的设计很少着眼于局部的信息或意义,即使考点出在局部的词语或句子,但是该词语或句子的理解将涉及更大的语篇.局部篇章意义的理解4题(其中一个猜测词义题):只要读懂局部语篇(几句话或一个小段)就能作出选择.整个篇章的主旨意义理解1题:要读懂全文才能从阅读材料中提炼出文章的中心思想,呈现方式,特殊问句补全问句,2007-2009高考英语阅读考点统计,基本技巧,Details 一定要是文章中能找到的Infer,implied 一定要是文章中没明说的Best ti
43、tle 一定要是代表全文大意的Guessing 一定要参照上下文意思的Atittude 一定要是考虑全文多处的,Strategies for dealing with new words or phrases,猜测理解词句,根据转折对比关系理解词句根据因果关系理解词句根据上下文语境理解词句,Strategy 1: 根据转折对比关系 通过but, however, otherwise, or, though 等转折词；或unlike, while, on contrast, on the other hand, in spite of 等表示对比关系的词， 我们可推测 出单词或短语的意思。,In
44、 the first case, where we dont tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerks attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. (07广东） The phrase “ bringing the error to the clerks attention” means_. A. telling the truth to the clerk B. offering advice to the clerk C. asking the clerk to be more attentive D. reminding the clerk of the charged item,
