1、本科毕业论文（20届）中国与印度的国际竞争力比较所在学院专业班级国际经济与贸易学生姓名学号指导教师职称完成日期年月THECOMPARATIVESTUDYINTERNATIONALCOMPETITIVEBETWEENCHINAANDINDIAABSTRACTMYPAPERISFOCUSEDONTHECOMPETITIONBETWEENDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESCHINAANDINDIAIWILLTALKABOUTSOMEBASICINFORMATION,LIKEECONOMY,INTERNATIONALCOOPERATIONANDINTERNATIONALINVESTMENTINCH
2、INAANDINDIA,WHICHHASBROUGHTSOMEECONOMICPROBLEMSASWELLALSO,IWILLGIVEMYOWNOPINIONONWHATITHINKABOUTTHISECONOMICPHENOMENONTHROUGHTHISPAPER,IAMGOINGTOTALKABOUTTHEECONOMYOFCHINAANDINDIA,THEHISTORYOFECONOMYINEACHCOUNTRY,SOMEGOVERNMENTPOLICIES,ANDWHATPEOPLECANDOTOCREATEABETTERWAYFORCOMPETITIONTHEPURPOSEOFTH
3、ISPAPERCONCLUDESTHATITISVERYIMPORTANTTOHAVECOOPERATIONBETWEENCHINAANDINDIAINORDERTODEVELOPBOTHCOUNTRIESECONOMIESKEYWORDSINDIA,CHINA,POLITY,ECONOMY,INTERNATIONALTRADE,RECOMMENDATION目录INTRODUCTION3POLITICAL4ECONOMIC6SOCIAL8EXTERNALENVIRONMENT13RECOMMENDATON13REFERENCELIST18THANKS19INTRODUCTIONINGLOBAL
4、MARKET,THESIZESOFTHEMARKETSDEPENDONHOWLARGEANDHOWRICHTHEGROUPISFOREXAMPLE,WHENACOMPANYLAUNCHESAPRODUCT,THERESULTINGSUCCESSDEPENDSONHOWMANYPEOPLEWILLBUYPRODUCTSANDHOWMUCHMONEYTHEYWILLPAYFORTHEMUSEDTHISWAY,WECANEASILYFINDTHEUNITEDSTATESISTHEMOSTPOWERFULANDINFLUENTIALMARKETBECAUSEOFTHEPOPULATIONANDPURC
5、HASEABILITYOFWESTERNEUROPEANCOUNTRIES,ANDJAPAN,KOREA,AUSTRALIA,ANDSOONTHESECOUNTRIESALSOHAVESEENLARGECOMPETITIONMARKETBUTMOSTCOMPANIESNEEDFIGUREOUTAPROBLEMTHEYSHAREFORTHESECOUNTRIES,THEMARKETSARERESTRICTEDEVENTHOUGHTHESEMARKETSPOPULATIONANDINCOMEHAVESLOWLYINCREASED,THEYARESTILLKINDOFLIMITEDALSOTHEIN
6、DUSTRYWILLFACEREALLYSTRICTCOMPETITIONTHEBESTWAYTOEXPENDTHEIRPROFITANDMARKETSHAREISTOFINDANEWMARKETOFCOURSE,AFTEREASYCALCULATIONSWITHTHEPOPULATIONANDPURCHASEPOWERFORMANYNEWECONOMICMARKETS,CHINAANDINDIASTANDOUTTHESETWOCOUNTRIESHAVEASIMILARSITUATIONBOTHOFTHEMHAVEALOTOFLAND,WHICHCANCONNECTFROMEASTASIATO
7、SOUTHASIABOTHOFTHEMHAVEBIGPOPULATIONSRIGHTNOW,CHINAHAS13BILLIONPEOPLEANDINDIAHAS11BILLIONBYPOPULATION,THESETWOCOUNTRIESARETHELARGESTINTHEWORLDBOTHOFTHEMHAVEAWIDEVARIETYOFRICHRESOURCESANDARESTILLDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESALLOFTHISINFORMATIONPROVESTHATCHINAANDINDIAWILLHAVETHESAMEPERIODOFOPPORTUNITYTODEVELOPM
8、ENTANDALSOHAVEDIFFERENTWAYSTOREACHTHESEGOALSTHECOMPETITIONBETWEENCHINAANDINDIALOOKSLIKEISUNAVOIDABLENOWBASEDONTHEBASICINFORMATIONFROMBOTHCOUNTRIES,PEOPLECANNARROWDOWNITANDCOMPAREPOLITICAL,ECONOMIC,SOCIALANDEXTERNALENVIRONMENT,ANDSEPARATETHESEFACTORSINORDERTOFINDTHEBESTWAYTOPEACEFULDEVELOPMENTPOLITIC
9、ALPOLITICSISTHEFIRSTPROBLEMWENEEDDISCUSSED,BECAUSEITISTHEBASICCOMPONENTOFACOUNTRYTHECHANGESOFGOVERNMENTPOLICYWILLDIRECTAFFECTTHEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTADIFFERENTPOLITICALSYSTEMCANMAKEDIFFERENTKINDSOFBUSINESSSTYLEHOWTOOPERATEACOMPANYUNDERTHATPOLITICALSYSTEMCANDECIDEHOWTHEYOPENTHEIRMARKETANDMAKELAWSANDREG
10、ULATIONSFORINDIA,ACCORDINGTOWIKIPEDIA,“INDIAISASOVEREIGNSOCIALISTSECULARDEMOCRATICREPUBLICINDIAISTHELARGESTSTATEBYPOPULATIONWITHADEMOCRATICALLYELECTEDGOVERNMENTLIKETHEUNITEDSTATES,INDIAHASAFEDERALFORMGOVERNMENT,HOWEVER,SOMEREGIONALPARTIES,ESPECIALLYINSOUTHINDIA,AREDEEPLYALIGNEDTOTHEIDEOLOGIESOFTHERE
11、GIONUNLIKETHENATIONALPARTIESANDTHUSTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHECENTRALGOVERNMENTANDTHESTATEGOVERNMENTINVARIOUSSTATESHASNOTALWAYSBEENFREEOFRANCORDISPARITYBETWEENTHEIDEOLOGIESOFTHEPOLITICALPARTIESRULINGTHECENTREANDTHESTATELEADSTOSEVERELYSKEWEDALLOCATIONOFRESOURCESBETWEENTHESTATESWIKIPEDIA,POLITICALOFINDI
12、A”LIKETHEARTICLESAID,THEPOLITICALSYSTEMOFINDIAISCLOSETOWESTERNIZEDSOCIETYTHEYHAVETHEIROWNDEMOCRATICELECTORALSYSTEMWHERETHEVOTERCANSHOWTHEIRPOLITICALOPINIONDIRECTLYASAFEDERALSTATECONSTITUTEDBYANUMBEROFMEMBERSOFTHECOUNTRY,THEGOVERNMENTSAREALWAYSCONTROLLEDBYCOALITIONGOVERNMENTTHISSITUATIONMAKESTHECOUNT
13、RYPOLITICALLYUNSTABLEDIFFERENTSTATESHAVETHEIRRIGHTTOMAKELAWSIFFOREIGNCOMPANIESWANTTOENTERTHISMARKET,THEPOLITICALPROBLEMWILLSMORECOMPLEXFORCHINA,“POLITICALSYSTEMOFCHINAREFERSTOTHEPOLITICALSTRUCTURE,FUNDAMENTALLAWS,RULESANDREGULATIONANDPRACTICESTHATAREIMPLEMENTEDINMAINLANDCHINA,ANDWHICHCONTROLTHESTATE
14、POWER,GOVERNMENT,ANDTHERELATIONSHIPSBETWEENTHESTATEANDSOCIETYTHECOUNTRYISRUNBYTHECOMMUNISTPARTYOFCHINA,WHICHISGUARANTEEDPOWERBYTHECONSTITUTIONTHEPOLITICALSYSTEMISMUCHDECENTRALIZEDWITHLIMITEDDEMOCRATICPROCESSESINTERNALTOTHEPARTYANDATLOCALVILLAGELEVELSWIKIPEDIA,PEOPLESREPUBLICOFCHINA,POLITICS,2010”AFT
15、ERTHE1980S,CHINATRIEDTOOPENTHEIRCLOSEDDOORS,WHICHTHEYCLOSEDMORETHANTHOUSANDSOFYEARAGOTHEGOVERNMENTHASTRIEDTOMAKEABIGMOVETOPUSHECONOMICDEVELOPMENTBECAUSEOFTHESPECIALPOLITICALSYSTEMINCHINA,THENEWMARKETNEEDSENOUGHTIMETOLEARNHOWTOFENDOFFTHEIMPACTOFINTERNATIONALFINANCIALCRISIS,SOTHEGOVERNMENTSTILLNEEDSGU
16、IDEDTOPOSITIVELYAFFECTTHEMARKETEVENTHEGOVERNMENTSTILLHOLDSSOMECOREINDUSTRY,LIKETHEOIL,MOBILE,ELECTRONICANDSOON,BUTTHECHINESEMARKETHASMOREANDMOREFREEDOM,ANDITISUNDENIABLETHELIBERALIZATIONOFECONOMYNOWISSINKINGDEEPINTOTHEHEARTSOFTHEPEOPLEINCHINA,ANDITMAKESREMARKABLEPROGRESSFROMANENCLOSEDCOUNTRYTOTHEWOR
17、LDSSECONDLARGESTECONOMY,ITHASALOTOFPROBLEMSTHATNEEDTOBERESOLVEDANDFACED,ESPECIALLYTHECORRUPTIONPROBLEMTHECORRUPTIONSURVIVEDBYTHELEGALSYSTEMSISINCOMPLETEANDSOUNDBECAUSEOFTHEBIGINFLUENCEOFGOVERNMENT,SOMETIMESTHEPOWERWILLBEHELDBYGOVERNMENTOFFICIALSTHECORRUPTIONISKINDOFNORMALINCHINAIREMEMBERWHENITOOK“IN
18、TERNATIONALBUSINESS”CLASSATPSU,THEINSTRUCTORSAIDIFSOMEBODYWANTEDTOMAKEBUSINESSINCHINA,THEYWOULDHAVETOKNOWWHAT“GUANXI”ISITOTALLYAGREEWITHTHAT“GUANXI”MEANSTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENPEOPLEPARTICULARLYREFERINPARTICULARTOMAKETHEPROFITEXCHANGESOMEPEOPLEBELIEVETHATTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENGOVERNMENTOFFICIALSANDBU
19、SINESSMENISCORRUPTITIS,INSTEAD,ARELATIONSHIPBUILTONTRUSTANEXAMPLEWOULDBETHAT,YOUGIVEMEWHATIWANT,ANDIWILLGIVEWHATYOUWANTMUTUALBENEFITANDRECIPROCITYSO,IFTHEGOVERNMENTWANTSTOKEEPTHECOUNTRYECONOMYDEVELOPINGANDHAVEALONGANDPEACEFULREIGN,THEYSTILLHAVEALONGWAYTOGOECONOMICTHEECONOMYAFFECTSBUSINESSINMANYWAYS,
20、LIKETHEBASICECONOMICSTYLECANDECIDEWHATKINDOFBUSINESSNEEDSTOMAKEADJUSTMENTSALSOWECANFINDTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENCHINAANDINDIAFROMAGRICULTURE,MARKET,INDUSTRY,ANDFINANCEAGRICULTUREISABASICFACTOROFTHEECONOMYBOTHCOUNTRIESHAVEAHUGEPOPULATIONBEFORESUCCESSFULDEVELOPMENT,THEMOSTIMPORTANTTHINGISTOENSURETHESECURIT
21、YOFFOODIDONOTTHINKANYARTICLECANRIVETTHEIRATTENTIONONTHEIRWORKIFTHEYDIDNOTHAVEENOUGHFOODTOFEEDTHEMSELVESEVERYCOUNTRYHASTOMAKESURETHEIRFOODSUPPLYISSAFELYCONTROLLED,ESPECIALLYFORCHINAANDINDIA,ONETHIRDOFTHEWORLDSPOPULATIONCOMEFROMAGAINSTTHECOUNTRIESWHICHHAVEABOUNTIFULSUPPLYOFFOOD,CHINAANDINDIANEEDMAKEAL
22、OTOFWORKLIKEDEVELOPTHEAGRICULTURALTECHNIQUES,EXTENSIVEMECHANIZEDMACHINES,ANDENSURETHEFARMERSINCOMELIKETHEPOLITICALSYSTEMWEDISCUSSED,THEFREEMARKETISDEPENDINGONTHEPOLITICALSYSTEM,ACCORDINGTO“MAPSOFINDIA”,“INSPITEOFBEINGASOCIALISTCOUNTRY,CHINASTARTEDTOWARDSTHELIBERALIZATIONOFITSMARKETECONOMYMUCHBEFOREI
23、NDIATHISSTRENGTHENEDTHEECONOMYTOAGREATEXTENTONTHEOTHERHAND,INDIAWASVERYSLOWINEMBRACINGGLOBALIZATIONANDOPENMARKETECONOMIESWHILEINDIASLIBERALIZATIONPOLICIESSTARTEDINTHE1990SCHINAWELCOMEDFOREIGNDIRECTINVESTMENTANDPRIVATEINVESTMENTINTHEMID1980STHISMAKESASIGNIFICANTCHANGEINITSECONOMYANDTHEGDPINCREASEDCON
24、SIDERABLY2010”RIGHTNOWTHEPLANNINGECONOMYSTILLEXISTSINCHINAWECALLITTHEFIVEYEARPROGRAMTHEGOVERNMENTUSESTHISTOMAKEALONGTIMESTRATEGYONMAJORINFRASTRUCTUREPROJECTBUILDINGBECAUSEOFCENTRALIZATIONTHEBUDGETANDPLANWILLCROSSCONGRESSWITHOUTAHITCHININDIA,SOMEOFTHESTATESARESTILLNOTOPENANDLEADBYRELIGION,BUTINTHESOU
25、THERNPARTOFINDIA,THEYHAVEALREADYBUILTMANYFREEMARKETDISTRICTSFORIMPORTANDEXPORT,MOSTOFPEOPLEKNOWCHINAANDINDIAHAVEABIGADVANTAGEONMASSMANUFACTUREPRIMARYPRODUCTSBECAUSEOFCHEAPLABORANDRAWMATERIALITWASREALLYFUNNYWHENIFIRSTCAMETOTHEUNITEDSTATESTOSTUDYIFOUNDMOSTOFTHEPRODUCTSINWALMARTAREMADEINCHINAITSURPRISE
26、DMEANDIDIDNOTKNOWTHISBEFORENOTONLYTHECLOTHES,BUTALSOIPOD,TV,STATIONERY,THESEPRODUCTSALLCAMEFROMCHINAALSOWHENIWENTBACKTOCHINA,MYFRIENDSASKEDMETOBRINGSOMEGIFT,BUTEVERYTHINGINTHEUSCAMEFROMCHINATHEGREATIRONYISTHATNOWIPAIDAHIGHERPRICETOPURCHASETHESETHINGSINAMERICATHANIWOULDHAVETOBUYTHEMATHOME,ANDALLOFTHE
27、MCAMEFROMSAMEPLACETOSUPPORTTHISHUGEPRODUCTION,CHINANEEDSMANYCHEAPLABORSWORKINFACTORY,CONSUMABLERESOURCE,WHICHMAKESPOLLUTIONAPROBLEMWHATCHINAEMPLOYEESGETASWAGESISVERYLOWFOREXAMPLE,APRODUCTWHICHSELLSFORONEHUNDREDDOLLARSINTHEUNITEDSTATESWILLONLYPROVIDEONEDOLLARFORTHECHINAWORKERTHATMAKESITALSOTHISISTHER
28、EASONWHYCHINAHASABIGVALUEOFIMPORTANDEXPORTANDALREADYBECOMETHEWORLDSSECONDBIGGESTIMPORTANDEXPORTCOUNTRY,BUTHASNOTEARNEDAREASONABLEPROFITFROMITMANYCOUNTRIESFACECHALLENGESONSOFTWAREDESIGNANDMAKINGCOMPUTERSANDELECTRONICS,BUTITDOESNOTSEEMTOBEAPROBLEMININDIAACCORDINGTO“ENGINEERINGININDIA”BYRAJABAHADURVARC
29、OT,“TODAYINDIAHASABOUT3,500ENGINEERINGCOLLEGES,WITHOVER450,000ENGINEERSGRADUATINGEVERYYEARTHESENUMBERSAREMOREIMPRESSIVEWHENVIEWEDINTHECONTEXTOFNATIONALECONOMIESINDIAISONLYA1TRILLIONECONOMY,WHEREASTHEUSAND132TRILLIONAND23TRILLIONECONOMIES,RESPECTIVELYBUTANNUALLYTHEUSANDUKONLYGRADUATEAROUND60,000AND25
30、,000ENGINEERS,RESPECTIVELYWHERETHENUMBEROFENGINEERSGRADUATINGANDSPECIALIZING,ALMOST30OFENGINEERINGSTUDENTSTHERETAKECOURSESTHATLEADTODEGREESINELECTRONICS,COMMUNICATION,ORCOMPUTERS2010”WHYCANENGINEERINGINDUSTRYCANHAVETHISSUCCESSANDADVANTAGEANDCANSTANDOUTFROMOTHERINDUSTRYWHICHARESTILLGOINGHEAVYININDIAL
31、IKEWETALKEDABOUTONEDUCATION,THEINDIAGOVERNMENTESTABLISHESPOLICYTOSUPPORTHIGHQUALITYEDUCATIONONSOFTWAREINDUSTRYHIGHSALARIESANDHIGHDEMANDSFOREMPLOYEESAREALREADYENOUGHTOATTRACTSTUDENTSINTERESTALSOENGLISHISONEOFTHEOFFICIALLANGUAGESOFINDIA,SOINDIASTUDENTSALREADYHAVEABIGADVANTAGEOVERSTUDENTSFROMCOUNTRIESW
32、HICHENGLISHISNOTVERYPOPULARSOCIALLIKEPOPULATION,EDUCATION,EMPLOYMENTANDPOLLUTIONOFENVIRONMENT,SOCIALPROBLEMSCANALSOINFLUENCETHEECONOMYFIRSTOFALL,LETSLOOKATTHEPOPULATIONPROBLEMLIKEWHATWETALKEDABOUTABOVE,CHINAANDINDIAARETHETWOLARGESTCOUNTRIESOFTHEWORLD,BUTTHEYFACEDIFFERENTPOPULATIONSTATUSANDCONTROLPOL
33、ICYACCORDINGTO“INDIASPOPULATION”BYMATTROSENBERG,“POPULATIONPROJECTIONFORINDIAANTICIPATESTHATTHECOUNTRYSPOPULATIONWILLREACH15TO18BILLIONBY2050WHILEONLYTHEPOPULATIONREFERENCEBUREAUHASPUBLISHEDPROJECTIONSOUTTO2100,THEYEXPECTINDIASPOPULATIONATTHECLOSEOFTHETWENTYFIRSTCENTURYTOREACH1853TO2181BILLIONTHUS,I
34、NDIAISEXPECTEDTOBECOMETHEFIRSTANDONLYCOUNTRYONTHEPLANETTHANWILLEVERREACHAPOPULATIONOFMORETHAN2BILLIONRECALLTHATCHINASPOPULATIONISLIKELYTODROPAFTERREACHINGAPEAKOFMORETHAN146BILLIONIN2030ANDTHEUSISNTLIKELYTOSEEABILLION”JUL27,2009WECANSEENOWTHEINDIANPOPULATIONKEEPSGROWINGANDALREADYHASBECOMEABURDENTOSOC
35、IETYTHEGOVERNMENTMAYGIVEOUTSOMELIMITEDRULETOREDUCEPOPULATIONGROWTHRATEDIFFERENTWITHCHINA,EVENITHASTHEBIGGESTPOPULATIONRIGHTNOW,BUTTHEGROWTHRATEALREADYDROPSLOWERTHANONEFORMYPERSONALEXPERIENCE,AFTERTHEGOVERNMENTMADETHELAWTOREGULATEEVERYCOUPLESNUMBEROFCHILDRENINTHE1980STHEPOPULATIONGROWTHRATEBEGANTODEC
36、LINENOWTHEPROBLEMTHATCHINAFACESISEVENTHEBASICCOUNTINGUNITOFPOPULATIONOFCHINAISHUGE,BUTTHEPOPULATIONSAGINGISALSOAPROBLEMTHATALREADYWORRIESTHEGOVERNMENT,JUSTTHESAMEASWHATHAPPENEDACROSSTHERICHWORLDSECOND,WEWILLLOOKATEDUCATIONBOTHCHINAANDINDIAHAVEANUMBRELLAEDUCATIONORGANIZATIONBECAUSEOFTHEHUGEPOPULATION
37、THEEDUCATIONISSUESEEMSTOBETHEROOTOFTHECOUNTRYSFUTUREWITHOUTCONTINUOUSEDUCATIONFORCHILDREN,THEFUTUREOFTHECOUNTRYISNOTVERYBRIGHTSO,THESOCIETYNEEDSTOPAYATTENTIONTOEDUCATION,BOTHINCHINAANDINDIAIKNOWEVERYYEARINCHINAABIGEVENTISCOLLEGEENTRANCEEXAMINATIONBECAUSEOFTHEHUGEPOPULATIONANDTHELIMITEDSUPPLYOFHIGHQU
38、ALITYEDUCATION,NOTEVERYBODYCANGOTOTHEFIRSTCLASSSCHOOLTHETESTSEEMSTOBETHEMOSTREASONABLEWAYTOMAKESUREEVERYBODYHASAFAIROPPORTUNITYFORMOSTOFCHINESESTUDENTS,THISTESTWILLDECIDEHOWTHEIRFUTUREWILLBEIFTHEYCANGETAHIGHSCOREONTHETESTANDGOTOAGOODCOLLEGE,HALFOFTHESUCCESSISATHAND,THEOPPOSITEISALSOTRUEUSUALLY,STUDE
39、NTSWILLBECOMEWHOLEDAYSTUDENTSWHENTHEYAREINPRIMARYSCHOOLSTUDYANDLIVETOGETHERINSCHOOLEXCEPTFORWEEKENDSTHEONLYTHINGTHEYNEEDTODOISSTUDY,FROM700AMTO1100PMEVENPUTTINGSUCHALARGEAMOUNTOFTIMEINTOSTUDYINGISNOTENOUGHBECAMEOFTHELARGEAMOUNTOFCOMPETITIONIFPEOPLEPASSTHATEXAMANDGOTOAGOODUNIVERSITY,THEFUTUREWILLBEBR
40、IGHTOTHERWISE,ALLOFTHEIREFFORTSWEREFRUITLESSTHEPURPOSEOFTHISKINDOFEXAMSYSTEMISTOTRYTOFINDTOPQUALITYSTUDENTSANDTRAINTHEMTOBECOMEMOREPROFESSIONALALSO,EVERYYEARCHINAANDINDIAWILLSENDTHOUSANDSOFSTUDENTSTOOTHERCOUNTRIESTOSTUDY,ESPECIALLYINUNITESSTATES,ENGLAND,ANDAUSTRALIAITLOOKSLIKEINDIANSTUDENTSHAVEABETT
41、ERABILITYFORTHIS,BECAUSEOFTHEIRLANGUAGEABILITYMOSTCHINESESTUDENTSNEEDLANGUAGETRAININGFORALONGTIMEBEFORETHEYGOABROADALSOONTHEUNEMPLOYMENTPROBLEM,EVENCHINAANDINDIAWILLPROVIDEMILLIONSOFWORKPOSITIONSEVERYYEAR,BUTITSTILLCANNOTMEETTHENEEDSOFTHEHUGEOFAMOUNTUNEMPLOYEDPEOPLEALARGENUMBEROFEDUCATEDANDUNEDUCATE
42、DPEOPLE,WHOARETRYINGTOFINDJOBS,MAYLIVEBYTHEMSELVES,ORTHEYHAVEARESPONSIBILITYTOTHEIRFAMILIESTHEYDONTRAISETHEIRHOPESTOOMUCHFORAGOODJOB,JUSTENOUGHWORKTOMAKEABASICQUALITYOFLIFEPOSSIBLEACCORDINGTO“UNEMPLOYMENTININDIA”PUBLISHEDIN“EMPLOYMENTNEWS”BYWKJENNY,“ITISWELLKNOWNFACTTHATOURSISATHICKLYPOPULATEDCOUNTR
43、YTHEPOPULATIONISINCREASINGBYLEAPSANDBOUNDSBUTJOBSANDGAINFULAVENUESCANNOTBECREATEDINTHESAMEPROPORTIONFORALLOFUSSO,NATURALLY,ALARGESECTIONOFTHEPEOPLEISLEFTUNEMPLOYEDMOREOVER,OUREDUCATIONSYSTEMISALSORESPONSIBLEFORTHISPROBLEMTHEPROBLEMOFEDUCATEDUNEMPLOYMENTISPECULIARTOINDIAINDIAISTHEONLYCOUNTRYINTHEWORL
44、DWHEREEVENHIGHLYEDUCATEDPERSONSFAILTOGETEMPLOYMENTEVERYEARTHOUSANDSOFGRADUATESPASSOUTOFSCHOOLSANDCOLLEGESTHEYAREUNFITFORANYWORK,EXCEPTOFFICEWORKALLOFTHEMCANNOTBEABSORBEDINSERVICESTHISINCREASESUNEMPLOYMENT”2007UNLIKEOTHERDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES,CHINAANDINDIAHAVEBIGPOPULATIONS,ANDTHEYTRYTOPUSHTHEMANYRURAL
45、WORKERSMOVETOCITIESFOREXAMPLE,INCHINATHEPOPULATIONINTHECITIESALONEHASALREADYREACHED600MILLION,BUTTHELEVELOFURBANIZATIONISJUST50THATMEANSTHEPOPULATIONOFCITIESINCHINAISTWOTIMESBIGGERTHANTHEWHOLEPOPULATIONOFUNITEDSTATESSOIDONTAGREEWITHTHISARTICLESAUTHORONONEQUESTIONITSAYS“INDIAISTHEONLYCOUNTRYINTHEWORL
46、DWHEREEVENHIGHLYEDUCATEDPERSONSFAILTOGETEMPLOYMENT”ACTUALLYTHISPHENOMENONALSOHAPPENEDINCHINAEVERYYEAR,MORETHAN5MILLIONSTUDENTSWILLGRADUATEFROMCOLLEGETHEYAREWELLEDUCATED,YOUNG,HAVEAGREATLONGINGFORABRIGHTFUTUREBUTASAMATTEROFFACT,THEYNEEDTOACCEPTTHECOMPETITIONANDTHETRUTHFORTHISPROBLEM,CHINASGOVERNMENTN
47、EEDSPLAYTOTHELEADINGROLEANDMAKEPREFERENTIALPOLICYTOTHECOMPANYWHICHCANSUPPLYMOREWORKOPPORTUNITIES,INCREASESOCIETYWELFARE,OPENSKILLTRAININGCLASSES,ANDSLOWDOWNTHEPOPULATIONGROWTHRATEAFTERALL,THEBESTWAYTORESOLVETHISPROBLEMISTOGUARANTEETHEECONOMYKEEPSGROWINGANDSTAYSSTABLETHEENVIRONMENTPROBLEMANDOVEREXPLO
48、ITATIONOFNATURALRESOURCESARESTILLCAUSINGCOMPLICATIONSFORBOTHCOUNTRIESFORCHINAANDINDIA,RIGHTNOWTHEENVIRONMENTPROBLEMHASBEENPUSHEDASIDEBECAUSETHEREARESTILLMANYPEOPLEWHODONOTEVENHAVEENOUGHFOODANDCLOTHINGECONOMICDEVELOPMENTISMUCHMOREIMPORTANTWHENLOOKINGATTHENEARFUTURELOOKATTHEPRESENTENVIRONMENTTHESKYISN
49、OTASCLEANASBEFOREINMYOPINION,ITISALMOSTIMPOSSIBLETOSEETHECLEANSKYASITUSEDTOBE,ESPECIALLYINSOMEDEVELOPEDPARTSOFSOMEDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESACCORDINGTOBUSINESSWEEKABIG,DIRTYGROWTHENGINE,”THEREALITYISTHATDESPITEALLTHEEFFORTSPENTONCLEANINGUPTHECAPITALANDAHANDFULOFOTHERBIGCITIES,CHINAAREATBESTATASTANDSTILLINITSFIGHTAGAINSTENVIRONMENTALDEGRADATIONFORALLITSEFFORTS,CHINASUNRESTRAINEDGROWTHMAKESITONEOFTHEWORLDSWORSTPOLLUTERSMOSTOFTHENATIONISSTILLREELINGFROMTHEDEVASTATIONWROUGHTBYTHREEDECADESOFCOMMUNISTINDUSTRIALDEVELOPMENTANDTHESUBSEQUENT25YEARSOFQUASICAPITALISMIN2025,CHINAWILLCO
