1、同位语从句 1、概述 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词 fact,idea,news,hope,belief,thought,truth,doubt,suggestion,wa rning, instruction,reason,information, question 等之后,对这些名词 进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词 that,whether 外,还有关系代 词 what, which, who, 以及关系副词 how,when,where,why 等。 It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健
2、康,这是事 实。 I have no idea what you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。 He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。 There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问,他是有罪的。 2、由从属连词 that,whether 引导的同位语从句。 Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.有消息透露,大学将招收
3、更多的中学毕 业生。 The fact that we lack enough phones needs to be considered.我们缺少足 够的电话这一事实需要加以考虑。 The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。 I didnt receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听 到会议被推迟的消息。 3、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。 The question who sh
4、ould be the first has not been settled.谁应该是第 一名的问题还没有定下来。 You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。 4、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。 I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。 They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played. 他们通常为如何演奏乐曲写出精确的说明。 5、定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 (1)同位语从句相当于名词,它对其前的名词起
5、补充说明或进一步解释其内容 的作用;而定语从句的功能相当于形容词,它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制 作用。 The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建议很 好。(定语从句) The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.我们 轮流打扫教室,这个建议很好。(同位语从句) (2)引导定语从句的 that是关系代词,在从句中充当某种成分,作宾语时可 省略;而引导同位语从句的 that是连接词,在从句中不作任何成分,也不能省 略。 The fa
6、ct (that) we talked about is important.我们所谈论的情况很重要。 (定语从句,that 作从句中介词 about的宾语) The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他的实 验成功了,这使大家很高兴。(同位语从句,that 在从句中不作任何成分) (3)引导定语从句的 when,where 是关系副词,不但在句中充当句子成分,还 有与其含义相当的先行词;而引导同位语从句的 when,where 是关系副词,虽 可以在从句中充当句子成分,但没有与之含义相当的先行词。 Gone
7、forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied.中国人民受 欺侮的时候一去不复返了。(定语从句,the days 与 when构成含义相当的搭配 关系) I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语从 句,idea 与 when在含义上没有任何搭配关系) (4)同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词,如:idea, belief, conclusion, impression,fact,news,idea,thought,hope,order, suggestion,belief 等,而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念 的词。 He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday.他表示希望 有一天能写小说。(同位语从句) I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together.我永 远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。(定语从句)