1、新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 四级基础精品词汇讲义 1 四级基础精品词汇讲义 主讲：任志远 欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材 大学词汇常用的前缀和后缀 1. 常用前缀 aero-: concerning the air of aircraft plane-aeroplane space-aerospace anti-: against: opposite of nuclear-antinuclear matter-antimatter war-antimatter auto-: of or by oneself biography-autobiography criticism-autocrit
2、icism be-: to treat as the stated thing friend-befriend little-belittle bi-: two; twice; double lingual-bilingual cycle-bicycle bio-: concerning living things chemistry-biochemistry sphere-biosphere by-, bye-: less important produce-by-produce way-byway centi-: hundredth part grade-centigrade meter-
3、centimeter co-: together, with author-coauthor exist-coexist col-: (used before l) together, with location-collocation com-(used before b, m, p) together, with passion-compassion con-: together, with centric-concentric 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 四级基础精品词汇讲义 2 federation-confederation contra-: opposite diction-
4、contradiction natural-contranatural cor-: (used before r) together, with relate-correlate respond-correspond counter-: opposite act-counteract attack-counterattack cross-: across; going between the stated things and joining them country-crosscountry breed-crossbreed de-:showing an opposite;to remove
5、;to reduce code-decode value-devalue dis-: not; the opposite of advantage-disadvantage agree-disagree honest-dishonest em-:(used before b, m, p ) to cause to became body-embody power-empower en-: to cause to become; to make danger-endanger large-enlarge ex-: former (and still living ) minister-ex-mi
6、nister wife-ex-wife extra-: outside; beyond curricular-extracurricular ordinary-extraordinary fore-: in advance,before; in or an the front arm-forearm warn-forewarn il-: (used before l ) not legal-illegal literate-illiterate im-: (used before b, m, p ) not moral-immoral possible-impossible in-: not
7、direct-indirect sensitive-insensitive infra-: below in a range; beyond red-infrared structure-infrastructure inter-: between; among change-interchange national-international intra-: inside, within; into city-intracity department-intra-department ir-: (used before r ) not regular-irregular responsibl
8、e-irresponsible kilo-: thousand gram-kilogram meter-kilometer macro-: large,esp.concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of economics-macroeconomics structure-macrostructure mal-: bad or badly function-malfunction treat-maltreat micro-: extremely small computer-microcomputer 新东方在线 网络课堂
9、电子教材系列 四级基础精品词汇讲义 3 electronics-microelectronics mid-: middle day-midday night-midnight mini-: small; short bus-minibus skirt-miniskirt mis-: bad or badly ; wrong or wrongly fortune-misfortune understand-misunderstand mono-: one; single plane-monoplane tone-monotone multi-: more than one; many purpo
10、se-multipurpose national-multinational non-: not resident-non(-)resident sense-nonsense out-: outside; beyond live-outlive door-outdoor over-: too much; above; additional head-overhead time-overtime poly-: many centric-polycentric syllabic-polysyllabic post-: later than; after graduate-postgraduate
11、war-postwar pre-:before; in advance pay-prepay war-prewar pro-: in favor of, supporting America-pro-America abortion-pro-abortion pseudo-: not real; false name-pseudonym science-pseudosicience re-: again; back to the former state untie-reunite use-reuse self-: by means of oneself or inself; of, to,
12、with, for, or in oneself or itself employed-self-employed taught-self-taught semi-: half; partly circle-semicircle final-semifinal step-: not by birth but through a parent who has remarried mother-stepmother children-stepchildren sub-: under, below; less important; part of the stated bigger whole di
13、vide-subdivide section-subsection super-: more, larger, greader than usual market-supermarker natural-supernatural tele-: at or over a long distance; by or for television communication-telecommunication screen-telescreen therm(o)-: concerning heat 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 四级基础精品词汇讲义 4 chemistry-thermochemis
14、try meter-thermometer trans-: across, on or to the other side of; between Atlantic-transatlantic plant-transplant tri-: three; three times angular-triangular cycle-tricycle ultra-: beyond; very, extremely modern-ultramodern sound-ultrasound un-: not certain-uncertain fortunate-unfortunate under-: to
15、o little; below develop-underdevelop sea-undersra uni-: one, singer form-uniform directional-unidirectional cice-: next in the rank; below chairman-vice-chairman president-vice-president 2. 常用后缀 （1）名词后缀 -ability, -ibility able-ability flexible-flexibility -age post-postage short-shortage -al arrive-
16、arrival refuse-refusal -an, -ian, -arian library-librarian music-musician -ance, -ence appear-appearance refer-reference -ancy, -ency emerge-emergency expect-expectancy -arit, -ent apply-applicant correspond-correspindent -cy accurate-accuratcy private-privacy -dom king-kingdom free-freedom -ee empl
17、oy-employee interview-interviewee -er, -or, -ar paint-painter beg-beggar -cry brave-bravery slave-slavery -ese China-Chinaese Japan-Japanese -ess actor-actoress 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 四级基础精品词汇讲义 5 waiter-waiteress -ful hand-handful spoon-spoonful -hood child-childhood man-manhood -ics electron-electronics
18、 linguist-linguistics -ion, -ition, -ation collect-collection observe-observation -ism Marx-Marxism socialist-socialism -ist psychiatry-psychiatrist violin-violinist -ity, -ty cruel-cruelty pure-purity -ment move-movement retire-retirement -ness dark-darkness happy-happiness -ology climate-climatolo
19、gy future-futureology -ship friend-friendship scholar-scholarship -sion, -ssion decide-decision expand-expansion -th grow-growth wide-width -ure close-closure expose-exposure （2）动词前缀 -en deep-deepen fast-fasten -ify class-classify simple-simplify -ize, -ise modern-modernize/modernise popular-popular
20、ize/popularize （3）形容词后缀 -able, -ible suit-suitable question-questionable -al nature-natural structure-structural -an, -arian, -ian suburb-suburban Canada-Canadian -ant, -ent differ-different please-pleasant 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 四级基础精品词汇讲义 6 -ary, -ory advise-advisory custom-customary -ate consider-consi
21、derate fortune-fortunate -en gold-golden wood-wooden -ese China-Chinese Japan-Japanese -free carecarefree duty-duty-free -ful care-careful pain-painful -ic, -ical atom-atomic psychology-psychological -ish girl-girlish child-childish -ive create-creative support-supportive -less hope-hopeless pain-pa
22、inless -like child-childlike lady-ladylike -ly man-manly month-monthly -ous, -ious danger-dangerous poison-poisonous -some tire-tiresome trouble-troublesome -ward down-downward up-upward -y guilt-guilty noise-noisy （4）副词后缀 -ly easy-easily heavy-heavily -ward, -wards east-eastward(s) north-nortward(s
23、) -wise clock-clockwise other-otherwise 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 四级基础精品词汇讲义 7 四级高频前缀 （prefix） 1. inter=between, among 变化型：enter-, intel- 如：interfere, interval, interview, entertain 2. en=in, into, on, at, near 进入某种状态，使，使成为 变化型：em- 如：enable, enclose, encourage, engage, enlarge 3. dis=apart, away, not 表出去，剥夺，
24、反对及加强语气作用。变化型：de-, des-,di-, s- 如：distinguish, dispute, dismiss, dispel, discard, disturb 4. re=again, back, against 变化型：red-, ren- 如：remind, reflect, refine, resolve, reaction, resist 5. com=together, with, wholly 变化型：co-, col-, comb-, con-, cor-, cor-, coun- 如：combine, comfort, coexist, collect, c
25、orrect, conclude, counsel, council 6. pre=before 如：preside, precede, prevail, prelude 7. per=through, thoroughly, away 变化型：par-, pel-, pil- 如：perfect, persist, permit, perform, perspective, persuade, pardon 8. pro=for, before, forth, forward 向前，赞成。变化型：pur, pr-(pro-的变体) 如：profound, proceed, purpose,
26、prominent 9. ex=out of, fully 变化型： a-, e-, ec-, ef-, es-, iss-, s- 如：exhibit, sample, elect, escape 10. trans-beyond, across, over 变化型：tran-, tra-, tres- 如: transfer, transform, transmit, transport, transparent 11. fore=before 如：forearm, forefather, foresee, foretell, foreword, forecast 新东方在线 网络课堂电子
27、教材系列 四级基础精品词汇讲义 8 12. tele=far off 如：telegram, telephone, television, telescope 13. un=not 在名词，形容词，副词前，表示“否定” 如：unable, undo, unlike, unlikely 14. sub=under 如：substitute, submerge, succeed 15. mono-=single, sole, alone 变化型：mon- 如：monologue, monopoly, monotony, monarch, monk 16. op, ob=near; against
28、如：oppose, obvious, obtain, opportunity, observe, object 17. uni=one 如：unique, uniform, universe, unity 18. counter=against 变化型： contra, anti 如：counteract, counterpart, encounter, contrary 四级高频后缀（ Suffix） 1. 常用名词后缀列表 后缀 中英文释义 例词 -acy state or quality of状态或性质 privacy 隐私accuracy 精确 -age acton or state
29、of行动或状态 shortage 短缺advantage 优势 -al relating to关于，与相关 refusal 拒绝arrival 到达 -an, -ian one who的人 guardian 监护人American 美国人 -ance, -ence state of quality of状态或性质 independence 独立performance 表演 -ant, -ent one who的人 dependant 侍从resident 居民 -ary place for, dealing with的地点，用于 library 图书古纳dictionary 字典 -dom p
30、lace, condition地点，状态 kingdom 王国freedom 自由 -ee one who receives an action动作的承受者 employee 雇员trainee 受训员 -er, -ar, -or one who or a thing that的人或工具 farmer 农夫beggar 乞丐 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 四级基础精品词汇讲义 9 cooker 厨具 tractor 拖拉机 actor 演员 -ese, -er, -ian inhabitant of的居民 Chinese 中国人 southerner 南方人 Canadian 加拿大人 -
31、ess one who, female的人，女性 actress 女演员hostess 女主人 -hood state or condition of状态或条件 childhood 童年boyhood 少年时代 -ing a noun名词 feeling 感觉，感情building 建筑 -ion, -tion state or quality of状态或性质 union 联盟pronunciation 发音 -sion state or quality of状态或性质 decision 决定revision 修改，校订 -ism state or quality of状态或性质 realis
32、m 现实主义capitalism 资本主义 -ist, -tist one who的人 realist 现实主义者scientist 科学家 -ity, -ty state or quality of状态或性质 reality 现实specialty 特产，专业 -ment state or quality of状态或性质 government 政府movement 运动 -ness state or quality of状态或性质 attractiveness 魅力illness 疾病 -ship state or quality of状态或性质 friendship 友谊sponsorsh
33、ip 赞助 -th state or quality of状态或性质 truth 真理warmth 温暖 -ure state or quality of状态或性质 failure 失败pleasure 快乐 2. 常用形容词后缀列表 后缀 中英文释义 例词 -able, -ible able to be能的 suitable 合适的responsible 负责任的 -al relating to与有关的 national 民族的original 原来的 -ant, -ent having the nature of具有性质的 dominant 支配的independent 独立的 -ar,-
34、ic,-ish having the nature of具有性质的 familiar 熟悉的 historic 历史上著名的 boyish 孩子气的 -en state or quality of golden 金子的 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 四级基础精品词汇讲义 10 有的状态或质地的 broken 打碎了的 -fic having the nature of具有性质的 specific 明确的scientific 科学的 -ful full of充满的 careful 小心的helpful 有帮助的 -ive, -ative having the nature of具有性质的 a
35、ttractive 有魅力的talkative 健谈的 -less without, free of无的，缺乏的 careless 粗心的homeless 无家可归的 -ous having the nature of具有性质的 famous 著名的hazardous 危险的 -tious, -cious having the nature of具有性质的 ambitious 有野心的suspicious 怀疑的 -ious having the nature of具有性质的 anxious 焦急的furious 狂怒的 -some having the nature of具有性质的 trou
36、blesome 麻烦的quarrelsome 好争吵的 -ward direction朝向的 upward 向上southward 向南 3. 常用动词后缀列表 后缀 中英文释义 例词 -ate -to make, to cause使，造成 activate 刺激animate 鼓舞 -en to make or to cause to do使，造成 soften 软化deepen 加深 -fy, -ify to make or to cause to do使，造成 beautify 美化simplify 简化 -ize, -ise to make, act like使，像一样活动 moder
37、nize 使现代化advertise 做广告 4. 常用副词后缀列表 后缀 中英文释义 例词 ly in a certain manner以某种方式 quickly 迅速地skillfully 熟练地 -ward direction方向 forward 向前inward 内向 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 四级基础精品词汇讲义 11 大学四级高频熟词僻义 单词 熟义 僻义 act v.行动，举止，表演，见效 n.行为 n.法令，一幕 address n.地址 vt.（在信封或包裹上）写姓名地址 n.演说，谈吐 vt.对。 。 。发表演说，称呼，对付 advance v.提前，提出建议等 a
38、dj.预先的，先行的 n.进展 v.前进，提高，上涨，预先发放 n.预付款等 age n.年龄，时代 n.老年，常 pl.很长的一段时间 v.(使)变老，(使)成熟 aim n.目标，目的 n. 嵌入; 登载 vi.雇用；用；使忙于 n.受雇者，雇员，雇工 n.雇佣者，雇主 n.工业；雇用；使用 vt.放大，增强；扩大 n.用具，器具，器械 a.能应用的；适当的 n.请求，申请；施用 vt.使复杂；使陷入 a.复杂的，难懂的 n.含义，暗示，暗指 n.简单，简易；朴素 vt.简化，使单纯 ad.简单地；朴素地 vt.压，按，揿；催促 n.压力；压力；压，按 vt.压紧，压缩 vt.使沮丧；按下
39、 express expression impress impression impressive oppress fam fame famous familiar dict contradiction dictate dictation dictionary predict dit addition additional condition edition editor gen generate generation generator genius vt.表示 n.快车，快递 n.词句；表达；表情 vt.给深刻印象 n.印；印象；印记 a.给人印象深刻的 vt.压迫，压制；压抑 n.名声，
40、名望 a.著名的，出名的 a.熟悉的；冒昧的 n.矛盾，不一致；否认 vt. 干(坏事) n.委员会；全体委员 n.小姐 vt.未看到；惦念 n.发射物；导弹 a.缺掉的，失去的 n.使命，任务；使团 n.允许，许可，同意 n.传送；传动；发射 n.允许进入；承认 n.委任状；委员会 vt.不再考虑；解雇 vt.移动；感动 n.动 n.动作，活动；移动 n.电影；电影院 n.移动；迁移；除掉 vt.移动，搬开；脱掉 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 四级基础精品词汇讲义 29 mob automobile mobile mot motion motivate motive motor emot
41、ion emotional locomotive promote remote sec second second secondary secondly sequ consequence consequently sequence subsequent sent absent n.汽车，机动车 a.运动的；流动的 n.运动；手势；提议 vt.促动；激励，激发 n.动机，目的 n.发动机；机动车 n.情感，感情；激动 a.感情的，情绪的 n.火车头，机车 vt.促进，发扬；提升 a.相隔很远的；冷淡的 num.第二 a.二等的 n.秒 a.第二的；次要的 ad.第二(点) ；其次 n.结果，后果
42、 ad.因此，因而，所以 n.连续，继续；次序 a.随后的，后来的 a.不在场的；缺乏的 absence essential present present present presently represent representative consent sentence sen sense sensible sensitive scent sentence senate senior path sympathetic sympathize sympathy passi passion passive pati patience n.缺席，不在场；缺乏 a.必要的，本质的 a.现在的 n.
43、目前 vt.赠送; 介绍; 提出 n.礼物，赠送物 ad.一会儿；目前 vt.描绘；代表；象征 a.代表性的 n.代表 n.同意，赞成 vi.同意 n.判决；句子 vt.宣判 n.感官；感觉；见识 a.感觉得到的；明智的 a.敏感的；灵敏的 n.气味，香味；香水 n.判决；句子 vt.宣判 n.参议院，上院 a.年长的；地位较高的 a.同情的；和谐的 vi.同情；同感，共鸣 n.同情；一致，同感 n.激情，热情；爱好 a.被动的；消极的 n.忍耐，容忍，耐心 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 四级基础精品词汇讲义 30 patient impatient sid residence resid
44、ent consider considerable considerate consideration sed sedate sediment supersede sess assess possess possession session sist assist assistant consist consistent insist persist resist resistance resistant a.忍耐的 n.病人 a.不耐烦的，急躁的 n.居住；驻扎；住处 a.居住的 n.居民 vt.认为；考虑；关心 a.相当大的；重要的 a.考虑周到的；体谅的 n.考虑，思考；体贴 adj.安排的；静肃的 n.沉积,沉淀 vt.替代 vt.对(财产等) 估价 vt.占用，拥有(财产) n.有，所有；占有物 n.会议，一段时间 vt.援助，帮助；搀扶 n.助手，助理；助教 vi.由组成；在于 a.坚持的，一贯的 vi.坚持；坚持要求 vi.坚持，固执；持续 vt.干( 坏事) 187. companion n.同伴；共事者；伴侣 188. comparison n.比较，对照；比似 189. compel vt.强迫，迫使屈服 190. compete vi.比赛；竞争；对抗 191. competent a. 有能力的；应该做的 192. competition
