1、11 类翻译主题词汇 一、中国历史 四大文明古国 one of the four ancient civilizations 人类文明史 the history of human civilization 源远流长/历史悠久 to have a long history; with a long history 朝代 dynasty 古都 ancient capital 随着时间的推移 as time goes by 远古时代 ancient times 原始社会 primitive society 春秋时代 the Spring and Autumn Period 战国 the Warrin
2、g States 封建社会 feudal society 皇帝、君主 emperor, monarch 历史遗留问题 a question left over from history/the past 在战争中损毁 to be ruined in wars 抵抗侵略 to resist the invasion 五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919 在世纪初 at the beginning of.century 迄今为止 up till now 追溯到 to date/trace back to 来源于 to derive/stem from; to orig
3、inate from/in 发源地 birthplace 兴起于, 兴盛于to emerge in. and prosper in. 保存最完好的 best-preserved 原址 original site 国家博物馆 national museum 皇帝统治时期 a period of emperor reign 诸侯国 kingdom 勤政爱民 to be diligent and love ones people 退位 to give up the throne 帝王宫殿 imperial palace 以命名 to be named after 历史人物 history figur
4、e 阳历 solar calendar 阴历 lunar calendar 天干 heavenly stem 地支 earthly branch 闰年 leap year 二、中国文化概述 重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage 优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts 文化产业 culture industry 文化底蕴 cultural deposit 文化事业 cultural undertaking 文化交流 cultural exchange 文化冲击 cultural shock 文化差异 cultural difference 独特的艺术价值
5、 unique artistic values 诚实守信 honesty 爱国主义精神 patriotism 国宝 national treasure 文物 cultural relics 华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors 中华民族 the Chinese nation 传统美德 traditional virtues 文人 men of letter 雅士 refined scholar 才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies 高雅艺术 refined /high art 中外学者 Chinese and overseas sc
6、holars 古为今用 to make the past serve the present 洋为中用 to make the foreign serve China 无愧于时代的作品 works worthy of the times 文明摇篮 cradle of civilization 古文明 ancient civilization 博大精深 to be extensive and profound 享有的声誉 to enjoy a good/high reputation for 被誉为to be honored/crowned as 占重要地位 to play a signific
7、ant role; to have/occupy a significant place 肩负的责任 to shoulder the responsibility of 与密不可分 to be closely associated with 最广中国文化 to promote Chinese culture 促进世界和平 to promote would peace 增进友谊 to enhance friendship 文化娱乐活动 cultural and amusement activities 民族特性和价值观 national identity and value 在各地差异很大 to
8、 vary widely from region/place to region/place 促进文化的传播 to promote the spread of culture 促进交流 to promote exchanges 蓬勃发展 to flourish 丰富多彩 to be rich and colorful 风俗习惯 custom 禁忌 taboo 尊敬老人 to respect the elderly 赡养老人 to support/take care of parents 继承 to inherit 后人 later generation 强身健体 to improve the
9、physical health; to strengthen the body 益寿延年 to prolong life 保佑平安 to keep sb. Safe 象征意义 symbolic meaning 象征好运和祝福 to symbolize good luck and blessings 审美观/品味 taste for beauty; aesthetic taste 三、中国传统文化 中医药 traditional Chinese medicine 中草药 herbal medicine 望、闻、问、切 observing, listening, inquiring, pulse
10、taking 症状 symptom 重大发明 a significant invention 中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder 印刷术 paper-making 指南针 the compass 文房四宝 the Four Treasures of the Study 笔、墨、纸、砚 brush, ink stick, ink stone 汉字 Chinese character 笔划 stroke 普通话四声调 the four tones of Mandarin Chinese 书法 callig
11、raphy 中国画 traditional Chinese painting 水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink wash painting 武术 martial arts 中国功夫 Kung Fu 太极 Tai Chia 孔子 Confucius 孟子 Mencius 思想学派 school of thought 思想核心 the core of ideology 代表人物 representative 儒家思想 Confucianism 儒家文化 Confucian culture 和尚、僧人 monk 寺庙 temple 伊斯兰教 Islam 清真寺 mosq
12、ue 宗教 religion 建筑 architecture 钟楼 bell tower 牌坊 memorial archway 兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 丝绸之路 the Silk Road 故宫 the Imperial Palace 天坛 the Temple of Heaven 民间故事 folk tale 寓言 fable 传说 legend 凡间 human world 京剧 Peking Opera 脸谱 mask 正面角色 positive role 木偶戏 puppet show 皮影戏 shadow play 杂技 acrobat
13、ics 相声 cross-talk 说、学、逗、唱 speaking, imitating, teasing and singing 说书 story-telling 传统工艺品 traditional handicraft 形状不一 to be of different shapes 材质各异 various material 质地坚硬 hard texture 造型生动 vivid figure 色彩丰富 rich colors 风格独特 characteristic/unique style 刺绣 embroidery 泥人 clay figure 瓷器 porcelain；china
14、陶器 pottery; earthenware 青铜器 bronze ware 雕刻 to carve 图章 seal 四、中国传统节日 春节 the Spring Festival /Chinese New Year 除夕 Chinese New Years Eve 年夜饭 annual reunion dinner 拜年 to pay a new year call 探亲访友 to (pay a) visit to relative and friends 亲朋好友 relatives and friends 大扫除 to thoroughly clean the house 驱厄运 to
15、 sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck 去除灾难 to ward off evils 发红包 to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes 欢度 The celebration of.; to celebrate 春联 spring couples 庙会 temple fair 民间艺人 folk artists 祭神 god-worshiping 炮竹，烟火 firecracker; firework(s) 年画 (traditional) new year pict
16、ure 压岁钱 new years gift-money 元宵节 the Lantern Festival 清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day/ Festival 重阳节 the Double-ninth Day 七夕节 the Double-seventh Day 舞龙 dragon dance 花灯 festival lantern 灯谜 lantern riddle 有益的智力活动 beneficial intellectual activity 中国结 Chinese
17、 knot 舞狮 lion dance 赛龙舟 dragon boat race 赏月 to enjoy the full moon 登高 hill climbing 扫墓 to pay respects to the dead at sbs tomb 五、食物及烹饪方法 中国菜、中餐 Chinese cuisine 烹饪技巧 cooking technique 煎 to fry 炒 to stir-fry 炸 to deep-fry 烩/闷/炖 to stew 蒸 to steam 煮 to boil 烘焙 to bake 烤 to roast 切条 to cut to strips 切丁
18、to dice 切碎 to mince 磨碎 to grind 饮食习惯 dietary habit 特色食品 special food 元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings 年糕 rice cake 油条 deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed bun 包子 steamed stuffed bun 拉面 hand-stretched noodles 豆腐 tofu; bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg 蛋炒饭 fried r
19、ice with egg 火锅 hot pot 原料 ingredient 猪/牛肉丸 pork/ beef ball 鸭肉 duck 蘑菇 mushroom 北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck 素菜馆 vegetarian restaurant 白酒 Chinese liquor 六、旅游交通 景点 tourist attraction; scenic spot 名胜古迹 places of interests 避暑胜地 summer resort 森林公园 forest park 自然保护区 nature reserve 自然景观 natural scenery 人文景观 hu
20、man landscape 壮丽河山 magnificent scenery 古典山水园林 classical landscape garden 皇家园林 royal garden 中外游客 tourists from home and abroad 游乐园 amusement park 度假 to take a vacation; to go on holiday 门票 (entrance) ticket 免费景区电子门票 free sightseeing e-coupon 星级酒店 star-rated hotel 高峰期 rush hour 人山人海,人满为患 overcrowded;
21、to be packed with overcrowded people 翻山越岭 to climb mountains and hills 受到的热烈欢迎 to be warmly welcome by 丰富知识 to enrich ones knowledge 开阔视野 to broaden ones horizon 扩大知识面 to enlarge the scope of knowledge 培养独立性 to cultivate independence 运输工具 means of transportation 公共交通 public transport 地铁站 subway stat
22、ion 候车室 waiting room 扣分处罚 point penalty 酒驾 drunk driving 终身禁驾 lifetime ban from driving 护照 passport 签章有效期 validity of visa 散客 individual visitor 团体旅游 group visitor 七、地理环境 位于to be located in/that 西部地区 western regions 省会 provincial capital 水域面积 water area 三面环山 to be surrounded by mountains on three si
23、des 全长公里 to stretch for.kilometers 面貌焕然一新 to take on a completely new look 高原 plateau 山峰 peak 淡水湖 freshwater lake 沿海港口 coastal pot 植物园 botanical garden 气候 climate 环境保护 environmental protection 提高全民环保意识 raise environment awareness among the general public 环保产品 environment-friendly product 一次性产品 dispo
24、sable product 开发可再生资源 to develop renewable resources 高耗能产业 energy-intensive industry 可持续发展 sustainable development 生态环境 the ecological environment 温室效应 greenhouse effect 森林覆盖率 forest coverage rate 改善土壤 soil improvement 地址灾害 geological disaster 灾难 catastrophe; tragedy; disaster 不幸 misfortune 伤亡人员 cas
25、ualty 死亡人数 death toll 台风 typhoon 火山爆发 volcanic eruption 地震 earthquake 洪水 flood 干旱 drought 污染物 pollutant 水土保持 water and soil conservation 降雨 rainfall 物种灭绝 the extinction of bio-species 先污染后治理 to exert control after pollution 碳减排 carbon emission reduction 温室气体排放在 greenhouse gas emission 二氧化碳 carbon di
26、oxide 新能源汽车 green car 废气 exhaust gas 汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust 发动机排量 engine displacement 零排放车辆 zero-emission vehicle 小排量汽车 small-displacement car 能源消耗 depletion of resources 能源危机 energy crisis 回收利用 to recycle 低碳城市化道路 way to low-carbon urbanization 城市化 urbanization 濒临灭绝/失传 to be on the verge of ex
27、tinction/ loss 濒临物种 endangered species 稀有物种 rare species 防护林带 shelter belt 八、商业经济 商界 business communities 互惠互利 mutual benefit 共同繁荣 common prosperity 总需求 aggregate/ total demand 总供给 aggregate supply 供大于求 supply exceeding demand 扩大内需 to expand domestic demand 购买力 purchasing power 财政预算 financial budget
28、 经济学家 economist 企业家 entrepreneur 经济全球化 economic globalization 区域性只有贸易区 regional free trade area 经济特区 special economic zone 计划经济 planned economy 市场经济 market economy 市场调节 market regulation 市场多元化 market diversification 推动经贸合作 to boost economic and trade cooperation 耐用消费品 durable consumer goods 年末促销 yea
29、r-end promotion 团购 group buying 垄断 monopoly 垄断行业 monopoly industry 市场占有率 market share 生产力，生产率 productivity 经济增长放缓 economic slowdown 金融组织 financial institution 商业信誉 commercial reputation 管理机制 management mechanism 国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises 私营
30、企业 private business 民营企业 private-run business 中小企业 small and medium-sized enterprises 民间资本 private capital 民间投资 private investment 泡沫经济 bubble economy 经济过热 overheating of economy 通货膨胀 inflation 实体经济 the real economy 外汇储备充 sufficient foreign exchange reserve 国内国际贸易 domestic/ international traded 对外贸易
31、 foreign trade 贸易条件 terms of trade 不公平竞争 unfair competition 海关 customs 关税 customs duty 水货、走私货 smuggled goods 产品质量 product quality 高度评价 to speak highly of 物美价廉 competitive price and superior quality 销量、销售额 sales 存货、库存量 stocks 改善服务 to improve services 延长保修期 to extend maintenance 制造商、制造厂 manufacturer 原
32、材料 raw material 样品 sample 大规模生产 mass production 年产量 annual output 劳动力密集型产业 labor intensive industry 知识密集型产业 knowledge intensive industry 工作歧视 discrimination in workplace 高消耗、高投入 high consumption, high investment 沿袭模式 to continue with the model of. 住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan 分期付款 to pay by inst
33、allment 信贷紧缩 credit squeeze 取钱 to withdraw money 利率 interest rate 找工作 to hunt for a job, job-hunting 招聘广告 the want ads 职位 position; post; job vacancy / opening 求职信 application letter 工作简历 job resume; CV 填写申请表 to fill in / out application form 接受职位 to accept / take the post 接任职位 to take over the posi
34、tion 工作面试 job interview 职业前景 job prospects 就业机会 job opportunity 工作待遇 pay offer 津贴 allowance 带薪假 paid vacation 伤残保险 disability insurance 失业保险 unemployment insurance 培训咨询 training consultancy 专业技能 professional expertise 脑力劳动 mental work 体力劳动 labor /physical work 手工劳动 manual labor / work 工作时间 working t
35、ime 加班 overtime 夜班 night shift 零工 odd job 证券 securities 汇率 exchange prate 股票 stock 资产 assets 利润 profit 九、教育 普及教育 universal education 高等教育 higher education 象牙塔 ivory tower 正规院校 regular universities and colleges 军校 military academy 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 学前教育 preschool education 失学儿童 dr
36、opout 文盲 illiteracy; illiterate 受过良好教育的 well-educated 入学率 enrollment rate 适龄儿童入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 高考 (university / college) entrance examination 考研 to take the entrance exams for postgraduate school 读研 to attend graduate school 毕业典礼 commencement / graduation ceremony 毕业鉴定
37、graduation appraisal 毕业论文 a graduation dissertation / thesis / paper 毕业实习 graduation field work; to go out on internships 授予学位 to confer an academic degree on sb. 博士学位 doctors degree 硕士学位 masters degree 学时学位 bachelors degree 在读博士生 on-job doctorate 研究生毕业证/学位证 graduate diploma / graduate degrees diplo
38、ma 中专生 secondary specialized or technical school student 在校大学生 undergraduate 中小学 elementary/primary and middle / secondary schools (大学) 扩招 scale expansion 扩大招生人数 to enlarge school enrollment / recruits 走读生 extern; non-resident student 住校生 boarder 课外活动 extracurricular activity 必修课 required / compulso
39、ry course 选修课 elective / optional course 基础课 basic course 专业课 specialized course 专业知识 specialized knowledge 开设课程 to offer a course 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学分制 credit system 补考 make-up examination 学年 school year 师资力量 teaching faculty 应试教育 exam-oriented education (system) 推
40、进素质教育 to push ahead with education for all-around development 基本实现教育现代化 to basically modernize education 招生就业指导 enrollment ad vocation guidance 竞争激烈 fierce competition 评价体系 evaluation system 选拨官员/人才 to select officials / talents 海外留学生 overseas student; international student 十、科技 信息时代 information age
41、 信息爆炸 information explosion 高科技产品 high-tech product 电子设备 electronic device 智能手机 smart-phone; intelligent handset 创新 innovation 研发 research and development 核心技术 core technology 电讯 telecommunication 硬件 hardware 软件 software 搜索引擎 search engine 网页浏览 web browsing 即时消息 instant message 视频电话 video phone 文件传输
42、 document transmission 在线社区 online community 社交模式 social networking 网上冲浪 to surf on the Internet 网民 netizen 活跃用户 active user 对.上瘾 to be /get addicted to. 计算机病毒 computer virus 虚拟世界 virtual world 网上购物 online shopping 电子商务 e-commerce 消费理念 consumption concept 大众媒体 mass media 出版商 publisher 电子版 electronic
43、 version 空间实验室 space laboratory 航天飞机 shuttle 卫星 satellite 探测器 detector 十一、社会生活 计划生育 family planning 基本国策 a basic national /state policy 制定政策 to make a policy (政策) 生效、开始实施 to come into force /effect 几世同堂的家庭 a family consisting of several generations 晚婚晚育 late marriage and late childbirth 搞好优生优育 to pr
44、omote good prenatal and postnatal care 稳定低生育水平 to stabilize the low birth rate 简化审批程序 to simplify approval procedures 行政管理 administrative management 违反规定 a violate a rule / regulation 居委会 Community Association 挂失 to report the loss 补办 to re-apply / re-register / post-register 户籍 household registrati
45、on 居住证 residence permit 少数民族 ethnic minority 过快增长 excessive growth 急剧下降 to be on the sharp decline 人口稠密/稀少 densely / sparsely populated 人口基数/密度/分布 population base /density/ distribution 人口出生率 birth rate 人口增长的高峰期 baby boom 人口素质 quality of the population 人口老龄化 aging of population 老龄化社会 aging society 城
46、镇化 urbanization 高楼大厦 high-rise / tall / high building 小康社会 well-off society 贫困家庭 poor family 和睦相处 to live in peace / harmony 中国特色社会主义 socialism with Chinese characteristics 推行可持续发展战略 to purse the strategy of sustainable development 物资文明 material civilization 精神文明 spiritual civilization 为人民服务 to serv
47、e the people 坚持.方针 to adhere to the principle of 社会保障 social security 养老保险 retirement insurance 医疗保险 medical insurance 弱势群体 disadvantaged group 单亲 single parent 关心老人 to care for senior citizens 社会背景 social background 福利 welfare 福利彩票 welfare lotteries 医疗服务 medical service 础设施建设 infrastructure constru
48、ction 缩短差距 to bridge /narrow the gap 满足基本需求 to satisfy basic needs 社会效益 social benefit 健康管理 health management 应运而生 to appear accordingly, to emerge as required /needed 普通市民 ordinary resident 物价上涨 rising price 家政服务业 home services industry 建筑工地 construction site 农产品 agricultural product 爱情告白 to express ones love 性骚扰 sexual harassment 贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 网络造谣 to fabricate online rumors 恶意侵害他人名誉 to harm the reputation of others maliciously 娱乐资讯 entertainment information 在线娱乐 online entertainment 当地新闻 local news 简讯 brief news 获取信息 to obtain information 收视率 audience rating
