1、上海版牛津英语 8A 第三章 学习辅导材料(11.10) 学习新词语 1. ever adv. 在任何时候；从来 例如： Have you ever been to Africa? 你到过非洲吗？ Have you ever seen Peter? 你见过彼得吗？ ever 作为副词，意为“曾经；以前” ，用于疑问句时，肯定回答中不用 ever,如果是否定 回答，则用 never。例如： Have you ever seen this film? 你看过这部电影吗？ Yes, I have. / No, I never. 看过。 / 从来没有。 “Did you ever?” 有时单独使用或用
2、于反问句，表示惊讶、愤怒、怀疑等。例如： Did you ever hear such nonsense? 你听过这样的胡言乱语吗？ Did you ever see the UFO? 你真见过飞碟？ 2. argue v. 争吵；争论；争辩 例如： He argued with Mary about the best place for their holiday. 他和玛丽就度假的最好去处发生了争执。 近义词：quarrel v. 争吵 近义词辨析：argue 和 quarrel 这两个动词都有“争”的意思，但不完全同义。 argue 着重指就自己的看法或观点提出论证，同他人进行争论或争辩
3、。例如： We heard them arguing in the other room. 我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。 qurrel 指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生争吵或吵架。例如： He often quarrels about their housework with his wife. 他常为家务事同妻子吵架。 同根词：argument n. 争论；争吵；争辩 例如： They often have arguments over money. 他们经常为钱的事发生争执。 The argument turned into a fight. 争论变成了一场武斗。 3. deal wit
4、h 本词组有许多含义： (1). 处理（事情、问题、紧急情况等） 。例如： We need a person who can deal properly with all stituations. 我们需要一个能恰当处理各种局面的人。 How would you deal with this case? 你将如何处理这个案件？ (2). 是的买主；与有生意往来；做生意。例如; The Greens deal with the butcher at the corner of the block. 格林家通常在街角处的肉铺子里买肉。 All these corporations deal fai
5、rly with their customers. 所有这些公司和顾客都买卖公平。 (3). 与交往；对待；对付 He seemed to be quick-tempered, but was actually not difficult to deal with. 他似乎性子急燥，但实际上并不难相处。 Deal with a man as he deals with you. 以其人之道，还治其人之身。 The years have been dealing kindly with you. 这些年来你一点儿也不显老。 He deals severely with his son. 他对他的
6、儿子很严厉。 (4). 关于；论及；讨论；讲述。例如： This article deals with an important subject. 这篇文章论及一个重要的问题。 You will find that subject dealt with on page 62. 你们会看到第六十二页谈到这个问题。 Now lets deal with the work of teaching. 现在让我们来谈谈教学工作。 4. through prep. 从一端至另一端；穿过；贯穿 例如： Tom walked through the school gate. 汤姆穿过了校门。 Our bus
7、just passed through the tunnel. 我们的巴士刚刚穿过了隧道。 through 还有许多含义： (1) 从开始到结束；自始至终。 例如 We traveled through the night. 我们行进了一整夜。 (2) 接通电话 例如： Can you put me through to Jill Knight, please? 劳驾，请吉尔奈特接电话。 (3) 通过某人或某物 例如： She got the job through her father. 她通过父亲（的帮助）而得到了这份工作。 5. theft n. 偷；偷窃；盗窃罪 注意：theft 表示
8、“偷窃行为”时，是不可数名词；表示 “盗窃案”时是可数名词。 例如： Car theft is a big problem in this city. 车辆盗窃是这个城市的一个大问题。(theft 不可数) There were a lot of thefts in this area last month. 上个月这个地区发生多起盗窃案。(theft 是可数名词) 注意 thief (复数是 thieves) n. 小偷 6. detail n. （关于某事物的）资料，信息 例如： He can probably tell us all the details. 他也许能告诉我们所有细节。
9、（表示“细节、详情”的意思时，常用其复数形式。 ） 词组：in detail 详细地 例如： Well discuss the problem later in detail. 以后我们再详细讨论这一问题。 7. worried adj. 担心的；发愁的 例如： The mother is worried about her sons safety. 这位母亲担心她儿子的安危。 同根词：worry n. 烦恼；忧虑；苦恼 vt. 使烦恼；使担忧 vi. 忧虑；担心(与 about, over 连用) 例如： Mothers illness was always a great worry to
10、 me. 母亲的病一直是我非常担心的事。(n.) Nothing worries me. 我无忧无虑。(vt.) She worried over her fathers health. 她为父亲的健康担忧。( vi.) Dont worry about that matter. Take it easy. 别担心那件事了，放轻松一点。 常用词组： happen to 遭到；遇到 hold out 递出东西；伸出手（或胳膊） stare at 盯着看 be going on 发生 go after 追赶某人；跟在某人后面 (be) afraid of 害怕；畏惧 put down 放下 get
11、 off 下车；下船 be worried about 担心；担忧 well done 干得好 语法知识 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解： 1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如： I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago. 2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I was a child, I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term. 3
12、）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。例如： Lu Xun was a great writer.4） 有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。例如： What did you say? 另外，如 Could you lend me your pen? Could you tell me where you have been?表委婉语气 2. 一般过去时句子结构是“主语 +动词的过去式“ 。 1）be 动词的过去式为 was, were； 2）行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况： 直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. 例如： work-worked;
13、 ask-asked; 以 e 结尾的动词只加-d. 例如：arrive-arrived; like-liked. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. 例如：shop- shopped; stop-stopped, plan-planned; 以“ 辅音字母+y“结尾的动词,先把 y 变成 i,再加-ed.例如： carry-carried; study-stud 有些动词变过去式是不规则的见表要牢记,例如：fly-flew; break-broke; teach- taught. 这些需要象生词一样记住. 3. 一般过去时句式变化分为两种情况 1)含有 be
14、 动词的依然在 be 上做文章. 例如： I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词 didnt.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一 般疑问句,在句首加助动词 did,同时把动词变成原形.例如： I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didnt buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday? 4. 一般过去时的时间状语
15、为 yesterday 或由其构成的短语。例如：yesterday morning; 由“last+时间“构成的短语, 例如： last year; 由“ 时间段+ago“构成的短语, 例如：three days ago; 另外,还有 on the morning of Monday, just now 等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句 . 【注意】,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去. 5.常见错误如下: 1）把动词变成过去式易出错。例如： They stoped (stop) talking just now. They plaied (play) football yesterday
16、. 应改成 1 stopped 2 played 解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀 : 动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记; y 前若是辅音字,y 变 i 加-ed; y 前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed.“ 2）忘记把动词变成过去式。例如： I fly kites on the afternoon of Sunday. 应改成： flew 解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀 :“一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记“. 3）在句式变换时易出错。例如： We didnt went (not go) out last Friday. Did you had (have) a good time yesterday?
17、应改成：1 didnt go 2 Did have 解析:请记住口诀“见助动, 用原形.“ 4）易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混 例: He taughts me English last year. 应改成：taught 解析:行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化 .即使主语是单三人称,也和其它人称所用动 词的形式一样. 5）易与现在完成时弄混。例如： I saw the film. 应改成： I have seen 解析:“我看过这部电影“说明我了解这部电影的内容,强调现在的情况,应用现在完成时; 一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影,与现在无关 巩固练习一过去时练习： 一.写出下列动词
18、的过去式。 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ 二.Be 动词的过去时练习。 1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _
19、two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited. 三.用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a n
20、ewspaper last night. 3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _. 8. What _ she _ (
21、find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 9. How _(be) Jims weekend? It _(be not) bad. 10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _. 11. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 12. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 13. What _ Tom _ (do
22、) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 14. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 15. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning. 16. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year. 17. My friend, Carol, _(
23、study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night. 18. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _. 四.句型转换。 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 2. They played football in the playground. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 3、Lucy did her homework at hom
24、e. （改否定句） Lucy _ _ her homework at home. 4、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）. （变一般疑问句) _ he _ _ meat in the fridge? 5、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问） _ _ _ she _ there? 6、There was some orange in the cup. （变一般疑问句) _ there _ orange in the cup? 五、中译英 1.我的故事书刚才还在手旁边。 _ 2. 他们的外套三个星期放在卧室里了。 _ _
25、3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。 _ 4 格林先生去年住在中国。 _ 5. 昨天我们参观了农场。 _ 6. 他刚才在找他的手机。 _ 7. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。 I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend. 8. Jenny 喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。 Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night. 9. Emma 每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。 Emma _ TV every day. But he _ _ yesterday. 10. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。 What _ they _ _ Sa
26、turday? They _ _ homework and _ _. 阅读部分中文译文 处 理 麻 烦 以下是保罗的一篇日记。保罗写了某天发生在他身上的一件不寻常的事。 6 月 28 日，星期五 今天，当我和爸爸在等轮渡的时候，突然听到了一阵很大的争执声。两位女游客和一 个男青年正在争吵。男青年双手递出一只包， 向周围的人展示它是空的。 周围的人看着这三个人，却都不知道是怎么回事。 我爸爸穿过人群，对其中的一个女游客小声地说道：“发生什么事了？” “他们偷了我朋友的钱包。 ”这个女游客说道， “我们之前在书店里买明信片。三个男 青年开始和我们聊天。突然，我的朋友注意到她的钱包不见了。其中两个男
27、青年跑了。我 们跟着这个人来到了这里。 ” 这时，大门开了。这个男青年匆匆地上了船，两个女游客也跟上了他。 “等一等。 ”爸爸说道， “我们坐下一班船。 ” 这很奇怪。我爸爸害怕那个人吗？我跟着他来到了旁边的一家商店。 他拿起电话，迅速拨打了 110。 “我要报告一起盗窃案。这个人现在在 3 号渡轮上。船几分钟前刚刚开走。请在河对 岸截住这班船。 ”他又描述了一些细节，然后就把电话挂了。 我们上了下一班船。当我们下船的时候，看到两名女游客四个警察为站在这个男青年 身边，而他看上去神色慌张。 “干得好！爸爸！”经过他们身边的时候，我这样说道。爸爸只是笑了笑。 综合能力测评 一.选择最恰当的答案：
28、 1. Spaceman Yang Liwei visited Hong Kong and the people there gave _ a warm welcome. A. he B. she C. him D. her 2. I dont like stories _ have unhappy endings. A. who B. that C. where D. those 3. I think the car was invented _ 1885. A. on B. of C. at D. in 4. I _ my homework this time yesterday even
29、ing. A. were doing B. did C. am doing D. was doing 5. I _ my homework yesterday. A. were doing B. did C. am doing D. was doing 6. I really dont know _. A. who you are B. who are you C. whats your name D. where are you from 7. My mother _ some washing when I _ home this evening. A. does, got B. was d
30、oing, got C. did, got D. was doing , was getting 8. Mr Smith _ in this factory ever since he came here twenty years ago. A. has worked B. worked C. works D. is working 9. Thank you very much for _ me your dictionary. A. borrowing B. lending C. borrow D. lend 10.Do you think the picture _ that one? A
31、. so beautiful as B. as beautiful as C. much beautiful than D. beautiful than 11. “_do you go to town?” “Twice a week.” A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How much 12. Could you tell me _? A. where is the nearest hospital B. where the nearest hospital is C. where was the nearest hospital D. whe
32、re the nearest hospital was 13. I dont think Kate saw me. She _ a sweater for her sister. A. has just chosen B. had just chosen C. is choosing D. was just choosing 14. - Mary wont go shopping this afternoon. - I wont go _. A. either B. yet C. also D. too 15. - Are there any fish in the lake now? - N
33、o. _ any water in it in winter. A. There isnt B. There arent C. It isnt D. They arent 16. They _ for Shanghai on Friday. Shall we go to see them off at the train station? A. are leaving B. are left C. have left D. left 17. - Remember _ him about it before he goes away. - Sure, I will. A. tell B. to
34、tell C. telling D. to telling 18. He came to China _ 1998. A. from B. since C. at D. in 19. - _ did you buy the new bag? - Last Monday. A. Where B. How C. When D. Who 20. Mr. Yang is too _ to go on walking. A. strong B. tall C. kind D. tried 21. _ trees are cut down every year. A. Thousand B. Thousa
35、nds of C. Thousands D. Thousand of 22. Hes lived here _ 1980. A. after B. in C. from D. since 23. - Can you understand me? - Sorry, I can _ understand you. A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. ever 24. - _ does it take me to go from my school to your school? - About five minutes. A. How many B. How far
36、C. How much D. How long 25. - Hello. May I speak to Jim, please? - _, please? A. Who are you B. How is he C. Who is that D. What are you 26. He asked me if I knew whose pen _. A. is it B. it was C. it is D. was it 27. Its cold outside. Youd better _ your coat. A. put on B. put away C. put back D. pu
37、t up 28. - I have finished my homework. - When _ you _ it? A. have; finished B. do; finish C. did; finish D. will; finish 29. - Can I _ your bike? - With pleasure. But you mustnt _ it to others. A. lend; borrow B. borrow; lend C. carry; lend D. borrow; keep 30. _ of them has an English dictionary. A
38、. Every B. Each C. Both D. All 31. It _ me about ten minutes to go to school by bike everyday. A. pays B. spends C. costs D. takes 32. Dont tell anybody about it. Keep it _ you and me. A. among B. between C. in D. with 二.选出合适的词填空: 1. Do you keep a _(diary, dairy)? 2. The police caught the two _ (rob
39、beries, robbers) when they tried to run away from the spot. 3. The thief followed the _ (woman, women) tourists all the afternoon. 4. The guard _ (stared , started) at me up and down. 5. The messenger is a young woman with _ (quiet, quite) long blonde hair, over her ears. 三.选用方框内单词的适当形式填空： dial assi
40、st argue aboarding see steal pupolarity 1. I said no to him, and we go into a bit _. 2. The plane crashed, killing 147 passengers_. 3. The thief _ some knives from the department store. 4. Jimmy pressed the buttons on the front of the telephone. Are you sure he _ his home number? 5. Many people go i
41、n for swimming .Swimming is _ with all ages. 6. Tommy _ the old woman home with a bag of watermelons. She thanked him over and over. 四.按要求改写下列句子： 1. The old lady teaches very well. (改为感叹句) _ _ good teacher the old lady is! 2. Both of his parents are shop assistants.（改为否定句） _ of his parents _ a shop
42、assistant. 3. As we got off , we saw Mr Li immediately.（对划线部分提问） _ did you _Mr Li immediately? 4. My father flew to Shenzhen yesterday. （改为否定句） My father _ _ to Shenzhen yesterday. 5.I speak English to the Canadian visitors. （改为一般疑问句） _ you _ English to the Canadian Visitors? 6. They asked me for 100 yuan.（就划线部分提问） _ _ _ they ask you for? 7. He rode to school last week.（保持原句意思不变） He _ to school _ _ last week. 8. We went lucky Island on Sunday afternoon. （就划线部分提问） _ _ you _ to lucky Island? 9. Mike wil
