1、英语：Unit1 Festivals around the world教案（7） （新人 教版必修 3） Teaching aims and demands 1.topic: 1Festivals 2 how festivals begin 3how to celebrate festivals 2.function: Request Eg: Could you please? Could I have ? I look forward to doing 2Thanks Eg: Its a pleasure. /Dont mention it. Its very kind of you to
2、Id love to Thank you very much./Thanks a lot. You are most welcome. 3.vocabulary: 4.grammar: 情态动词的用法 Jin can speak English well. (ability) Could you please show me the way to ? (request) May we see the awards for the team? (permission) She might give you (possibility) The whole family will come for
3、dinner. (promise) Often he would dress up like a rich man. (past habit) We would be there with our friends. (promise) II. Key points The First Period New words and Expressions take place 为不及物动词短语，无被动语态，无进行时，指事先计划或预想到的事情的发生。 When did their quarrel take place? Our school sports meeting will take place
4、 next Friday. 辨析：take place 指事情有计划地发生；happen 指事情偶然的发生，常带有未能预见的意思； 另外，happen 还有“碰巧” 之意； break out 指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。 Take ones place 就座；代替某人 Take the place of 代替 In place of 代替 In place 在适当的位置；适合 2.harvest n.agreement) Often he would dress up like a rich man.(past habit; custom) Would you like to join u
5、s for dinner?(request) 注意：would 与 used to 均可表示 “过去惯常”，但是 would 常与过去时间状语连用，意为 总是，总要；used to 与现在时间相比，意为过去常常，暗示现在已经没有了。 Eg.When he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day? He used to go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day,but now he goes to play
6、basketball. 4)shall and should The harvest festival begins on Saturday.We shall be there with our friends.(promise, agreement) Its nearly five oclock. The taxi should be here soon.(prodiction) 注意：1.shall 用于第一，三人称的疑问句中，表示说或者征求对方的意见，或向对方请示。 Eg.Shall we go shopping after school? 2.should have done 表示过去
7、应该做而没有做 Should not have done 表示过去不用做而却做了 5）must and cant Wang Feng wins an award every year. He must be very strong.(speculation) You must be joking. That cant be true. (guessing) 对现在的事情进行把握较大的判断时，肯定判断用 must+动词原形，否定判断用 cant+动 词原形。 She must be in the library. She cant be in the room. 2.modal verbs+ h
8、ave done 一、情态动词+动词完成式 情态动词+动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + done 分词” ，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、 评论或判断。 1. must have done 表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用 can(could) 来表示. Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. He cant have missed the way. I drew him a map. “The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?” 当
9、然对现在发生或将来发生的事情,要用 must do 表示猜测 , 否定为 cant do. He must understand that we mean business. You must be hungry after a long walk. 2.may / might have done may / might have done 表示推测过去某事 “也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话 人看来稍大些。例如： I cant find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 3.
10、could have done 在肯定句型中, 往往用作委婉的批评. 本应该做什么,而没做; 有时也用 作猜测. You could have told us earlier. Tom could have taken the dictionary. 4. ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldnt have done ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldnt have done 用于对已发生的情况表示 “责备”、 “不满”，分别表示“本应该”和“ 本不应该”。例如
11、： 1）With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night. 2）You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from. 5. neednt have done neednt have done 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要”。 You neednt have waken me up; I dont have to go to work today. 注：表示推测过去某
12、动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must 最大，could 其次，may 更次之，might 最小。例如： “I wonder how Tom knew about your past.” “He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.” 二、情态动词+动词进行式 情态动词+行为动词进行式（即情态动词+ be + doing 形式） ，表示推测或评论某动作现在是 否正在进行。例如： 1）He must be playing basketball in the room. 2）She may be staying
13、at home. 三、情态动词+动词完成进行式 情态动词+行为动词完成进行式（即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式） ，表示推测或评论 过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如： 1）They should have been meeting to discuss the problem. 2）He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him. 四、某些情态动词的特殊用法 1. need 考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别. 情态动词 need 与实义动词
14、need 在时态、肯定、否定结构上的对比见下表。 时态 情态动词 need 实义动词 need 现在时 He need (neednt) do Need he do.? He needs (doesnt need) to do 过去时 He needed (didnt need) to do 将来时 He need (neednt) do Need he do.? He will (not) need to do 注: need 一般用于否定句或疑问句. 2. dare 考试中主要测试 dare 作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。 情态动词 dare 与实义动词 dare 在时态、肯定、否定、疑问
15、结构上的对比见下表。 句型 情态动词 dare 实义动词 dare 肯定句 现在时 dare to 少用 过去时 dare to 少用 现在时 dare/dares to do 过去时 dared to do 否定句 现在时 darent/dare not do 过去时 dared not do 现在时 do/does not dare (to) do 过去时 did not dare (to) do 疑问句 现在时 Dare he do? 过去时 Dared he do? 现在时 Do you/Does he dear (to) do? 过去时 Did he dare (to) do 3.
16、can 和 may 考试中主要测试 can，may 或 could，might 表示可能性的区别及对 may 构成的疑问句的回 答。 （1）can, could, may, might 都可以表示可能性 .can, could 表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑 判断上存在的可能性；而 may, might 则表示事实上的可能性。此外，can 还具有“有能力” 的意思，而 may 与 might 则不具此意。例如： According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow. Any man with a little sense can see
17、 that he is wrong. （2）May I / we ？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为 Yes, please.或 Certainly；否定回答为 Please dont.或 No, you mustnt. 例如： “May we leave now?” “No, you mustnt. You havent finished your home work yet.” 4. can 和 be able to can 与 be able to 都可以表示能力，但两者在用法上有点差异：can (could)表示主观能力， 不表示意愿，它的将来时用 will be able to; be ab
18、le to 表示主观意愿，强调要克服困难去做 某事。例如： 1）My grandma is over seventy, but she can still read without glasses. 2）He is able to give up his bad habits. 5. must 和 have to must 和 have to 都可以表示“必须”，但有几点区别： （1）must 强调 “内在的职责”、 “义务”，而 have to 强调“外界压力 ”、 “不得已而为之”。 （2）have to 可用于多种时态，而 must 一般用于现在时，其过去时与将来时分别由 had to
19、与 shall / will have to 代替。 （3）在回答 must 引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用 mustnt，而要用 neednt 或 dont have to，因为 mustnt 是“一定不要”、 “一定不能”的意思。例如： 1）You must come to the classroom before eight. 2）It is raining hard outside, but I have to leave now. 3） “Must we do it now?” “No, you neednt.” 6. used to +do, be used to +doi
20、ng 和 be used to +do （1）used to +v 意为“过去常常”， “过去一直”；be used to +v-ing / n（名词）意为“习惯于”； be used to +v 意为“ 被用来（做某事） ”。 （2）used to 只表示过去，而 be used to +v-ing / n 可表示现在、过去或将来。例如： 1）He used to smoke. Now he doesnt. 2）Hes quite used to hard work / working hard. 3）The knife is used to cut bread. 7用作情态动词的其他短语
21、would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well 等可用作情态动词。例如： 1）The soldier would sooner die than surrender. 2）The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy. 3）Id rather walk than take a bus. 4）If you dont like to swim, you may just as well stay at home. 注：这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon 后可跟 that 引导的从句，that 常省去，从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过 去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如： 1）I would rather you came on Sunday. 2）I would sooner you hadnt asked
