1、英语：Module1Europe Period 5教案（1） （外研版必修 3） Period 5 SpeakingPronunciation and everyday English Goals To learn about tag questions To role-play a conversation Procedures Step 1: Learning about Tag Questions A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini-questi
2、on. The whole sentence is a “tag question“, and the mini-question at the end is called a “question tag“. We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation. They mean something like: “Am I right?“ or “Do you agree?“ They are very common in English. The basic structure is: + Positi
3、ve statement, - negative tag? - Negative statement, + positive tag? Look at these examples with positive statements: positive statement + negative tag - notes: subject auxiliary main verb auxiliary not personal pronoun (same as subject) You are coming, are nt you? We have finished, have nt we? You d
4、o like coffee, do nt you? You like coffee, do nt you? You (do) like. They will help, wo nt they? wont = will not I can come, can t I? We must go, must nt we? He should try harder, should nt he? You are English, are nt you? John was there, was nt he? no auxiliary for main verb be present & past Look
5、at these examples with negative statements: negative statement - positive tag + subject auxiliary main verb auxiliary personal pronoun (same as subject) It is nt raining, is it? We have never seen that, have we? You do nt like coffee, do you? They will not help, will they? They wo nt report us, will
6、 they? I can never do it right, can I? We must nt tell her, must we? He should nt drive so fast, should he? You are nt English, are you? John was not there, was he? Some special cases: I am right, arent I? arent I (not amnt I) You have to go, dont you? you (do) have to go. I have been answering, hav
7、ent I? use first auxiliary Nothing came in the post, did it? treat statements with nothing, nobody etc like negative statements Lets go, shall we? lets = let us Hed better do it, hadnt he? he had better (no auxiliary) Here are some mixed examples: But you dont really love her, do you? This will work
8、, wont it? Well, I couldnt help it, could I? But youll tell me if she calls, wont you? Wed never have known, would we? The weathers bad, isnt it? You wont be late, will you? Nobody knows, do they? Notice that we often use tag questions to ask for information or help, starting with a negative stateme
9、nt. This is quite a friendly/polite way of making a request. For example, instead of saying “Where is the police station?“ (not very polite), or “Do you know where the police station is?“ (slightly more polite), we could say: “You wouldnt know where the police station is, would you?“ Here are some m
10、ore examples: You dont know of any good jobs, do you? You couldnt help me with my homework, could you? You havent got $10 to lend me, have you? Intonation We can change the meaning of a tag question with the musical pitch of our voice. With rising intonation, it sounds like a real question. But if o
11、ur intonation falls, it sounds more like a statement that doesnt require a real answer: intonation You dont know where my wallet is, do you? / rising real question Its a beatiful view, isnt it? falling not a real question Answers to tag questions How do we answer a tag question? Often, we just say Y
12、es or No. Sometimes we may repeat the tag and reverse it (., do they? Yes, they do). Be very careful about answering tag questions. In some languages, an opposite system of answering is used, and non-native English speakers sometimes answer in the wrong way. This can lead to a lot of confusion! For
13、example, everyone knows that snow is white. Look at these questions, and the correct answers: tag question correct answer Snow is white, isnt it? Yes (it is). the answer is the same in both cases - because snow but notice the change of stress when the answerer does not agree Snow isnt white, is it?
14、Yes it is! IS WHITE! Snow is black, isnt it? No it isnt! Snow isnt black, is it? No (it isnt). the answer is the same in both cases - because snow IS NOT BLACK! with the questioner In some languages, people answer a question like “Snow isnt black, is it?“ with “Yes“ (meaning “Yes, I agree with you“)
15、. This is the wrong answer in English! Here are some more examples, with correct answers: The moon goes round the earth, doesnt it? Yes, it does. The earth is bigger than the moon, isnt it? Yes. The earth is bigger than the sun, isnt it? No, it isnt! Asian people dont like rice, do they? Yes, they d
16、o! Elephants live in Europe, dont they? No, they dont! Men dont have babies, do they? No. The English alphabet doesnt have 40 letters, does it? No, it doesnt. Question tags with imperatives Sometimes we use question tags with imperatives (invitations, orders), but the sentence remains an imperative
17、and does not require a direct answer. We use wont for invitations. We use can, cant, will, would for orders. imperative + question tag notes: invitation Take a seat, wont you? polite Help me, can you? quite friendly Help me, cant you? quite friendly (some irritation?) Close the door, would you? quit
18、e polite order Do it now, will you? less polite Dont forget, will you? with negative imperatives only will is possible Same-way question tags Although the basic structure of tag questions is positive-negative or negative-positive, it is sometime possible to use a positive-positive or negative-negati
19、ve structure. We use same-way question tags to express interest, surprise, anger etc, and not to make real questions. So youre having a baby, are you? Thats wonderful! She wants to marry him, does she? Some chance! So you think thats amusing, do you? Think again. Negative-negative tag questions usua
20、lly sound rather hostile: So you dont like my looks, dont you? Step 2: Role-play a conversation about where you live A: Where are you from? B: I am from Taiyuan. A: You are from Shanxi, arent you? B: Yes, I am. I love my special part of Taiyuan, the Nan Cheng Part, what some people call “old Taiyuan
21、”and what I call home. A: What is it like? B: Dating from the Tang Dynasty, old Taiyuan is arguably the most artistically and architecturally attractive capital city in the country. A: Are there any places of interest on the street where you live? B: On the street where I live, you can see two tower
22、s called Double Towers. A: I know they are the famous symbols of Taiyuan. B: Down the road, you will come to Clothing Town, the most famous shopping center in Taiyuan. Here you can find varieties of clothing you like. A: They say that Taiyuan is the worlds biggest open-air museum and not even reside
23、nts, let alone tourists, ever get the chance to see every temple (more than 350 of them), every tower, every statue, or every historic street within a lifetime. B: You are absolutely right. A: When is the best time to visit Taiyuan? B: The best time to enjoy the neighborhood is early morning. The so
24、unds and smells are quintessentially Taiyuan. The memories linger long after one has left the city. The incessant yelling (a-o-o-oh! is a particularly favorite cry) and friendly insults of the trades people as they set up their market stalls along the streets, mammas calling down the corridor to the
25、ir children as they head off to school, and young men on parked scooters greeting each other as if they hadnt seen each other for years, accompanied by sings of birds in the trees. Ah, what heaven? Everybody at this hour looks incredibly happy. A: What about the city later on in the day? B: Later on
26、 in the day, the streets and shops start to fill up. Locals gather for meals at the restaurants, standing around in groups engaged in deep, intense conversation. After meals, the chatting continues on the pavement, totally oblivious to the traffic, to other pedestrians (normally tourists) trying to
27、get through and to anything that might possibly interrupt the subject in hand. A: It seems to me that Taiyuan people are so intent at interacting with each other that they are able to ignore the millions of tourists that invade their city every year. They are the only people on earth who are as passionate about talking as they are about eating and making love. B: You are correct in saying that. Taiyuan people know how to live. I started to learn this when I came to live in Taiyuan as a child in 1953. Nearly half a century later, I am still learning.
