1、8B Unit 4 publish; publishing publish v. prepare and print a magazine, book, etc. 出版，例如： The book was published in 1988. 这本书是一九八八年出版的。 publishing adj. 出版的，出版业的，例如： There is a publishing house over there. 那边有一家出版社。 elect; election elect v. choose by voting 选举，例如： The government is made up of men and
2、women elected by the people of the country. 政府 是由这个国家的人民选出的人员组成的。 election n. 选举，例如： Tom is standing for election. We elect him chairman of the club. 汤姆是候选人，我们选他为俱乐部主席。 editor; edit editor n. (job) prepare or control a magazine, newspaper, book or film etc.编辑；编者 edit v. 编辑；校订 He is editing a Shakesp
3、eare play for use in school. 他正在编辑一部莎士比亚剧本供学校使用。 experience (n.C vt.); experienced experience (1) n. C skill and knowledge gained from doing sth. 经历 Please tell me your experiences in America. 请告诉我你在美国的经历。 experience (2) n. U things / events that happen to us 经验 Experience is their preparation for g
4、iving advice. 经验为他们进行咨询作了准备。 experience (3) vt. have experience of; feel; meet with 有之经验；感受；体验 They have experienced the difficulties for playing football. 他们感受到了踢足球的难处。 experienced adj. 有经验的 She is an experienced teacher. 她是位有经验的老师。 free; freedom free adj. (1) not having to pay for it 免费的 for free
5、Anyone who buys this breakfast food gets a free gift of a fine greeting card. 购买这份早餐事务的人都可得到一张免费的精美贺卡。 free adj. (2) (of a person) not a slave 自由的 The prisoners were pardoned and set free. 那些囚犯获赦并被释放。 freedom n. condition of being free 自由，例如： brief; briefly brief adj. short or quick 简短的，短暂的 a warm a
6、nd brief welcome 热烈而简短的欢迎 make a brief visit 作短暂的访问 Can you give us a brief introduction? 你能简短的介绍一下你自己吗？ briefly adv. shortly or quickly 简要地 I d like to comment very briefly on that last statement. 我想就最后一句简要地谈谈我的看法。 Briefly, you are fired. 一句话，你被解雇了。 conclude； conclusion conclude v. finish; come to
7、the end of 结束；决定 To conclude, I wish you all good health and a long life. 最后，祝大家健康长寿。 The doctor concluded that the patients disease was cancer. 医生断定病人患的是癌症。 conclusion n. end; the result of reasoning 结束，结论 1. In conclusion 2. reach a conclusion I found the conclusion of her story very exciting. 我觉得
8、她那故事的结尾很激动人心。 consider; consideration; considerate consider v. 考虑 consideras= think of as= regardas 认为怎么样 We have considered your advice carefully, but cannot accept it. consideration n. eg. He has never shown much consideration for others needs. take sth into consideration 把考虑在内 considerate a. 为他人着
9、想的; 考虑周到的=thoughtful vote v. 投票选举 vote for/ against sb./ sth. vote for Johnson the peoples friend! 请投约翰逊一票他是人民的支持者！ vote n. 投票选举 secret vote 不记名投票 He won the election because he got most votes. 他选举获胜了，因为他得了大多数的选 票。 二.常用词组： suggestion n. idea for others to consider 提议；建议 on ones suggestion 根据某人的建议 on
10、 the suggestion of. 在的建议下 make a suggestion 提议；建议 offer a suggestion 提议；建议 decision n. 决心；决定 come to / arrive at / reach a decision 做出决定 give a decision for 判决对有利 give a decision against 判决对不利 make a decision 决定下来；做出决定；下决心。 charge n. 主管，看管 v. 使承担（任务、责任） take charge of 负责,看管; under the charge of 在看管
11、(负责)之下; in charge of 负责 Mr Smith will take charge of our class next term. 史密斯先生下学期将负责我们班。 The chief engineer was in charge of directing the building of the subway. 主任工程师负责指挥地铁的建造工程。 This building is under the charge of Mr. Green. 这幢大楼是有格林先生负责的。 agree on 同意，达成协议 We couldnt agree on when to start. 我们对
12、何时出发不能达成共识。 语 法 知 识 情态动词 should 、ought to ought to 是客观的，should 是主观的。ought to 表示我不做不行，是责任，虽然可能我不想去做但 是还要去做。 should 是主观想去做。有点像 have to 和 must 的关系。（ought to 是两个可加 to 的 情态动词之一，另一个是 used to）。ought to do 语气更强，常用于长辈对小辈的用语，或某规则 上的要求。而 should do 可用于平辈朋友间，较为客气与口语化。 （一）should 的用法： should：should not (shouldnt)
13、1. 表示“义务或责任”，意思是“应该”。例如： We should keep our promise. 我们应该遵守诺言。You shouldnt be so careless. 你不应如此粗心大意。 should 后面跟：“have + 过去分词”结构，其肯定句表示过去应该做而未做的事，其否定句 则表示过去不该做但做了的事情。 例如： You should have started 5 minutes earlier. 你应该早五分钟动身。（却没早动身） She looks very ill. She should have stayed at home. 她看样子病得很重，本应呆在家里。
14、（却没呆在家里） 2. 表示可能性、推测、估计，意思是“可能”、“该”。例如： Its two oclock, the football game should begin soon. 已经是两点钟了，足球比赛不久就该开始了。 3. 表示说话人用委婉、谦虚的语气，提出意见、请求或建议，意思是“可”、“倒是”、“想” 等。例如： I should say it would be better to try it again. 我以为可以再试试。（提出建议） I should like to have a talk with you. 我想跟你谈一谈。（请求） （二）ought to 的用法： o
15、ught 无时态和人称变化，后面跟(带 to 的）动词不定式，其疑问式为：Ought I / you to.? 其否定式为 ought not to. 1. 表示有义务必须做某事,意思是“应该”; 其语气比 should 强,带有责备或督促的含义。 Ought he to do it at once? Yes, he ought (to). 他应该立刻就做吗？是的，应该立刻就做。 You ought not / oughtnt to drink too much. 你不应该喝太多酒。 She said such a thing ought not to be allowed to happen
16、.她说,这样的事不应当允许发生。 【注意】ought to 后面跟“have + 过去分词”结构，表示对过去该做而未做之事的责难、后悔或 遗憾的心情。=should 用法 You ought to have helped her. 你本该帮助她的。（却没有帮助她） He ought to have returned these books to the library last week. 他上星期就应该把这些书还给图书馆。（却没有还书） I ought not to have done it. 我本不该做这件事。（却做了） 2. 表示非常可能的事，意思是“一定会”、“该” We ought to win. 我们一定会赢。 If he started at ten, he ought to be there by time. 假如他十点出发，现在该到那里了。
