1、第 3 课时 Grammar 预习目标 1根据单词表，预习课本第 2628 页的单词，能根据音标正确拼读这些单词。 2通过预习，了解 have/has been 和 havehas gone 的用法。 3了解短暂性动词和延续性动词的不同用法以及它们之间的转换。 4了解 since 和 for 的用法区别。 5了解一般过去时和现在完成时的用法。 预学热身 通过预习，了解本课时的单词、短语和句型（英汉互译） 。 1_n沙；沙滩 2._ adv.结束 3_ad死的 4在第一天_ 5寒假_ 6半小时_ 7. - Millie and Amy have been to South Hill. _ 8.
2、Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong. _ 自主探究，请带着下面这些问题阅读教材。 1have been 表示什么意思？ 2have gone 表示什么意思？ 3可以说“I have left Nanjing for two days.”吗？ 4since 和 for 在用法上有何区别？ 教材导读 1Millie and Amy have been to South Hill.米莉和埃米已去过南山。 探究点：havehas been to 后面可以接_。 指点迷津havehas been to 后面跟地点名词，表示某人曾经去过某个地方，现在人已
3、经离 开，不在那儿了，也可能已经回来了。是对过去经历的一种回忆，可以和表示次数的状语 连用。 I have been to Beijing once.我去过一次北京。 - Have you ever been to the USA?你曾去过美国吗？ - No，never.没有，从未去过。 ( )How many times_ you_ to London since last year? A. have; gone B. have; been C. do; go D. did; went ( ) (2013 .随州)- Jack, I havent seen your uncle for a
4、long time. - He_ Shanghai on business for two months. A. went to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been to 2Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong 基蒂已经和她的家人一起去了香港： 探究点：havehas gone to 后面可以接 _。 指点迷津 havehas gone to 后面跟地点名词，表示某人去了某地，可能正在去某地的途 中，也可能已经在某地，强调某人不在这儿，还没有回来。当地点用副词表示时要省略介 词 to。 - Whe
5、re is Kate? 凯特在哪儿？ - She has gone to the library.她去图书馆了。 Mr Green isnt in the office. He has gone to the laboratory. 格林先生不在办公室。他去实验室了。 ( ) - Where is Mr Li? I have something important to tell him. - You_ find him. He_ Japan. A. wont; has gone to B. may not; has been to C. may; has gone to D. cant; h
6、as been to 3. He has left Beijing for a week. () He has been away from Beijing for a week.() 他离开北京已经两天了。 探究点：表示_，叫作短暂性动词；表示_，叫作延续性动词。 指点迷津 英语中的动词，根据所表示的动作是否能够延续，分为延续性动词和短暂性 动词。表示持续的行为或状态的动词，叫作延续性动词，也叫持续性动词，如： be，keep，have，like ，study，live 等。表示短暂的、瞬间性动作的动词，叫作短暂性动词， 又叫终止性动词或瞬间动词，如：die，join，leave，becom
7、e，return，reach 等。 (1)短暂性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，所 以不可以由表示一段时间的状语（如：since 和 for 引导的短语）来修饰。第一句中的 leave(has left)是短暂性动词，它所表示的动作短促，不可能延续两天；第二句中的 be(has been)是延续性动词，所以可以和 two days 连用。 (2)短暂性动词要转换为对应的延续性动词才可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的短暂 性动词及其对应的延续性动词（现在完成时）有： buyhavehas had borrowhave/has kept arrivehaveh
8、as been in/at leave have,/has been away join-have/has been in/havehas been a member of diehave/has been dead get marriedhavehas been married come/gohave has been in/at begin/starthave/has been on stophave/has been over losehave has been lost close have/has been closed openhave/has been open ( )(2013
9、 衡阳)一 Look at these stamps. I_ them for five years. - Wow, they are wonderful. A. kept B. have kept C. have bought ( )(2013 泸州)He_ Luzhou for three months. Ahas left Bhas come to C. has gone to D. has been away from 4He has had a car since 2007他自从 2007 年就买了一辆车。 探究点：ago，since 和 for 的用法有什么不同？ 指点迷津 (1)
10、 ago 是副词，意为“以前” ，放在表示一段时间的短语后面，表示从现 在算起的一段时间以前，常用于一般过去时。 He met her three days ago他三天前遇到过她。 (2) since 可作介词和连词用，意为“自从以来，自从以后” ，用于现在完成时，主 要有以下三种情况： since 过去的时间点 He has been ill since last Monday. 他上周一开始就已经病了。 since 时间段 ago I have lived here since ten years ago. 自从十年前我就住在这儿了。 since 从句（一般过去时） I have liv
11、ed here since I moved here. 自从我搬到这儿，我就一直住在这里。 (3) for 是介词，后面跟表示时间段的短语，可以用于现在完成时。 We have learned English for about ten years. 我们学英语大约有十年了。 ( )- You play the piano so well. How long have you learned it? -_ ten years. AIn BBy CFor DSince 热身练习 A用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Suzhou_ (change) a lot in the past years.
12、 2._ you ever_ (be) to Hangzhou? 3. I_ (have) my sisters letter for two days. 4. His parents (get) married twenty years ago. 5. Lets_ (meet) at the school gate tomorrow morning. B单项选择。 ( )1. - How long have you_? - For three days. A. got a headache B. fallen ill C. caught a cold D. had a cough ( )2.
13、 - Tom, where is Jack? -. He_ Changzhou for a month. A. went to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been to ( )3. I met her just a moment_. A. ago B. before C. since D. now ( )4. Joe, my close friend, moved to Beijing several years ago, and I_ him since then. A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen
14、 D. wont see ( )5. Several days has passed_ the air crash(空难) happened. A. since B. after C. as D. for C汉译英。 1我知道他已经去了上海。 I know he_ _ _ Shanghai. 2他们忍不住大笑了起来。 They couldnt_ _. 3他已经做老师二十年了。 He_ _ _ _ for twenty years. 参考答案 预学热身 1. sand 2.over 3.dead 4.on the first day 5the winter holiday 6half an ho
15、ur 7米莉 和埃米已经去过南山了。 8基蒂已经和她的家人一起去了香港。 1have been 表示“去过某地并已经回来了” 。 2have gone 表示“去了某地还没有回 来” 。 3不可以，因为 leave 是短暂性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 4 “for+时间段”表示一段时间； “since+时间点从句（一般过去时） ”表示一段时间。 教材导读 1B C 2A 3 B D 4C 热身练习 A1. has changed 2.Have; been 3.have had 4got 5meet B1D 2C 3A 4C 5A C 1. has gone to 2.help laughing 3.has been a teacher
