1、Unit 6 When was it invented? Section A 1 (1a-2d) 一、教学目标： 1. 语言知识目标： 1) 能掌握以下单词： heel, scoop, electricity, style, project, pleasure, zipper, daily, website, pioneer, list, mention 能掌握以下句型： When was the telephone invented? I think it was invented in 1876. What are they used for? They are used for seei
2、ng at night. 2) 能谈论物品被发明的时间、发明者，表达某发明的用途。 2. 情感态度价值观目标： 了解一些近现代发明的时间及用途，激发自己热爱发明的情感。培养想象力，善于观察 事物。面对难题，用积极的态度去解决，发挥想象力，认识世界，改造世界。 二、教学重难点 1. 教学重点： 1) 本课时的单词、词组和句型，学习运用一般过去时态的被动语态。 2) 学会询问发明时间及用途的基本句型： When was the telephone invented? I think it was invented in 1876. What are they used for? They are
3、used for seeing at night. 2. 教学难点： 运用一般过去时态的被动语态来讨论发明的发明时间及用途。 三、教学过程 I. Warming up 1. 展示一些近代发明的图片与近代发明的发明者，让学生们将图片与发明者相连。 T: Do you know what these inventions are? S1: Its a car. S2: Its a telephone. S3: Its a television. T: Do you know who these inventors are? S1: Karl Benz S2: Alexander Bell S3:
4、J. L. Baird Let Ss match the inventions and the inventors. . Presentation 引导学生们学习一般过去时态的被动语态结构。 让学生们看大屏幕的如果爱和发明者的图片,并将句子改为被动语态。 如： T: Karl Benz invented the first car in 1885. The first car was invented (by Karl Benz) in 1885. . Talking 1. Look at the pictures in 1a. Discuss with your group, in what
5、 order do you think they were invented? Try to number them 1-4. 2. Ss discuss with their partners and number the pictures. 3. Talking about the inventions: A: I think the TV was invented before the car. B: Well, I think the TV was invented after the TV. . Listening (1b) 1. T: Tell Ss look at the pic
6、tures and years on the left. 2. Play the recording for the Ss to listen. 3. Ss listen to the conversation and try to match the invention with the proper year. 4. Play the recording again. 5. Check the answers. . Pair work (1c) 1. Ss try to remember the invention and the year. 2. Student B, cover the
7、 dates. Student A, ask Student B when the things in the picture in 1b were invented. Then change roles and practice again. 3. Let some pairs ask and answer in pairs. e.g. A: When was the telephone invented? B: I think it was invented in 1876. . Learning the new words 民族的 nation (国家) + al national e.
8、g. The group of dancers wore national dress. 那群跳舞演员穿着民族服装。 7. without doubt 毫无疑问；的确 e.g. Li Na, without doubt, is the best tennis player in China. 毫无疑问，李娜是中国最优秀的网球运动员。 8. take place 发生；出现 是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态；常指事先安排或事发有因的事情。 e.g. Her sisters marriage took place at 8:00 today. 她姐姐的婚礼今天八点举行。 辨析：happen 则常指偶
9、然发生的事情 e.g. I happened to see Peter on my way to the museum. 在去博物馆的路上我碰巧遇到皮特。 9. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. 据说有一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。 It is said that是个常见句式，表示 “据说”, that 后面接完整的句子。 e.g. It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number in m
10、any Western countries. 据说在许多西方国家 13 是个不吉利的数字。 本单元还有一个类似的句式: It is believed that，意思是“人们认为”, 其后同样接完整的句子。 e.g. It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. 人们认为，茶在六至七世纪传到了朝鲜和日本。 10.茶经是我国唐代一部有关茶叶及品茶的专著，作者陆羽。该书共 分三卷十节，全面叙述了茶叶生产的历史，源流，生产技术以及饮茶 技艺和茶道原理，享有 “茶叶百科全书
11、”之美誉。 VI. Exercises 一、选词填空 smell, remain, ruler, boil, national 1. October 1st is _ Day in China. 2. Humans are the _ of the earth. 3. When fish goes bad, it _ terrible. 4. They _ in that forest for a year. 5. Water _ at 100. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. I found the key _ (偶然) when I was cleaning the house. 2.
12、The May 4 Movement _（发生）in Beijing in 1919. 3. Hell succeed _ (毫无疑问) this time. 4. _ (据说) Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. 5. Tea _(被带到) Korea and Japan during 6th and 7th centuries. Homework 1. Read the passage several times after school. 2. Make sentences with these words: by ac
13、cident, it is believed that, take place, no doubt, be used for, fall into Section A 3 (Grammar Focus-4c) 一、教学目标： 1. 语言知识目标： 1) 学习掌握下列词汇：fridge, low, somebody, translate, lock, earthquake, sudden, all of a sudden, biscuit, cookie, instrument 2）进行一步复习巩固学习 Section A 部分所学的生词和词组。 3）进一步学习运用一般过去时态的被动语态。 4)
14、 掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法，并通过不同方式的练习，来熟练运用。 2. 情感态度价值观目标： 培养想象力，善于观察事物。面对难题，用积极的态度去解决，发挥想象力，认识世 界，改造世界。 二、教学重难点 1. 教学重点： 1) 学习生词 fridge, low, somebody, translate, lock, earthquake, sudden, all of a sudden, biscuit, cookie, instrument 2) 复习巩固 Section A 部分所学的生词和词组，达到熟练运用的目标。 2. 教学难点： 1) 一般过去时态的句子变为被动语态。 2) 综合运用
15、所学的知识进行练习运用。 三、教学过程 . Warming- up and revision 1. Have a dictation of the new words learned in the last class. 2. Review some main phrases we learned in the last class. Check the homework. 3. Let some Ss tell something about how tea was invented by accident. Tell something about how tea was invented
16、 by accident. One day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time. It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water. It was quite delicious and one of the worlds favorite drink was invented. Tell somet
17、hing about Lu Yu and his Cha Jing. Lu Yu “the saint of tea” mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also discusses where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used. It is believed that tea was brought
18、to Korea and Japan during 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didnt appear until around 1660. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. . Grammar Focus. 1. 学生阅读 Grammar Focus 中的句子，然后做填空练习。 拉链是什么时候被发明的？ _ _ the zipper _? 它于 1893 年被发明。 It _ _ in 1893. 它是由谁发明的？ _
19、_ it invented _? 它是由惠特科姆 贾得森发明的。 It _ _ _ Whitcomb Judson. 茶叶什么时候被带到朝鲜去的？ _ _tea _ to Korea? 茶叶在六到七世纪之间被带到朝鲜。 It _ _ to Korea _the 6th and 7th centuries. 热冰淇淋勺用来做什么？ What _ the hot ice-cream _ _? 它用于挖很冷的冰淇淋。 Its _ _ _ really cold ice-cream. 电话机在 1876 年被贝尔所发明。 The telephone _ _ _ Alexander Graham Bel
20、l in 1876. 贝尔于 1876 年发明了电话机。 Alexander Graham Bell _ the telephone in 1876. 2. 学生们根据记忆，看大屏幕来完成填空练习。 3. 学生们完成填空试题后，可以打开课本检查答案，对错误的句子，单独进行强化记忆。 . Grammar 一般过去时态的被动语态的构成 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态 则表示主语是动作的承受者。如： We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 我们昨天打扫了教室。 (主动语态，主语 we 是 clean 这一动作的执行者)
21、The classroom was cleaned yesterday. 教室昨天被打扫。 (被动语态，主语 the classroom 是 clean 这一动作的承受者) 一、一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态的结构为“主语+ was /were +及物动词的过去分词 (+by+动作的执行者).”。 如： Trees were planted last spring. 去年春天种了树。 1. 肯定句： 主语 + was/were +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. Paper was invented by Chinese people two thousand years ago. 纸是
22、中国人在二千多年前发明的。 2. 否定句： 主语 + was/were not +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. Women were not allowed to take part in the games at first. 开始妇女不允许参加奥运会。 3. 一般疑问句： Was/Were +主语 +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? Were these pictures drawn by your sister? 这些图片是由你妹妹画的吗？ 二、被动语态的用法： 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 e.g. English is spoken all over
23、 the world. 全世界都在说英语。 2. 需要突出或强调动作的承受者。 e.g. This dictionary is used by most students. 这本字典是大多数学生在用的。 三、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题 1. 有些短语动词相当于及物动词，变为被动句时介词或副词不能去掉。 They put off the meeting because of the weather. The meeting was put off because of the weather. 会议因天气的缘故被推迟了。 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，通常把指“人” 的间接宾语变为主
24、语，指 “物” 的直接 宾语保留不变；如果把指物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接宾语前加 to 或 for。 My aunt gave me an e-dictionary yesterday. I was given an e-dictionary yesterday. An e-dictionary was given to me yesterday. 3. 主动句中感官动词 see/hear/watch/feel 等和使役动词 make/let/have 等后跟省略 to 的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号 to。 I saw a heavy man enter the hous
25、e. A heavy man was seen to enter the house. 4. 系动词、不及物动词或某些短语动词（happen, take place, come true, fall asleep）没有 被动语态。 What happened to Mr. Brown? 布朗先生发生了什么事？ . Exercises 练一练 将下列句子变为被动语态。 1. He chose six story books the other day. Six story books _ _ by him the other day. 2. Uncle Lee gave Jack a large
26、 cake for he painted the wall wonderfully. Jack _ _ a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully. 3. A mouse ate half of the cake last night. Half of the _ _ by a mouse last night. 将下列句子变为主动语态。 4. Were these machines invented by Edison? _ Edison _ these machines? 5. The post card was sent to Lin
27、da by Paul. Paul _ the post card _ Linda. 6. America was discovered by Columbus. _ Columbus discovered _? . Practice Work on 4a: 1. Tell Ss to read the sentences in 4a and rewrite the sentences using the passive voice. 2. 做题方法点拨示例： 点拨：原句为一般过去时态，原句的谓语动词为 sold，宾语为 the fridge；改为被动 语态时，应将 the fridge 作主语
28、，谓语动词用 was sold 的形式。 They sold the fridge at a low price. The fridge was sold at a low price. 点拨：分析原句的句子结构可知，stole 是谓语动词，my camera 是句子的宾语；改为 被动语态句时，应将 my camera 作句子主语，谓语动词用 was stolen 的形式。 Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room. My camera was stolen from my hotel room. 学生们自主将其他三个句子变成被动语态。 3. 最后
29、，教师与同学们一起校对答案，并对学生们有疑问的地方进行解释，或做出合理的 分析点拨。 Where were these photos taken? We were advised not to go out alone. The book was translated into different languages by different writers. Work on 4b: Complete the sentences with correct forms of the verbs in the box. 1. 让学生们阅读方框中的词汇，了解词汇及句子的意思，为进行填词做好准备。 e
30、at, like, invite, tell, lock, ring, break, bring 2. 认真阅读每个句子，根据上下文确定空格处应填的意思。 3. 逐句进行分析推敲，然后分析句子的时态及语态，用适当的形式填空。 1) You _ to the party last night, werent you? Why didnt you go? 2) The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers _ to a safe place. 3) The door _ when we arrived, so
31、we _ the bell. 4) The students _ not to eat or drink in class, but Ruby _ the rule when she started eating a biscuit in science class. 5) The cookies _ by the hungry kids in less than 20 minutes, and they really _ them. 4. 最后，通读一遍所有句子，进行综合理解，看句子的意思是否通顺，合理。 5. Check the answers with the Ss. 1. were i
32、nvited 2. were brought 3. was locked, rang (前一句中，门是被锁的，故应用被动语态；后一句中，我们去按门铃， 是主动语态。) 4. were told, broke (前一句中，学生们是被告诉不要做这些事情，故应用被动语态；后一 句中，Ruby 违反规则，则是主动语态。 ) 5. were eaten, liked (前一句中，饼干是被孩子们吃掉了，故应用被动语态；后一句中，孩 子们喜欢这些饼干，则是主动语态。) . Practice Work on 4c: Decide whether active or passive forms should b
33、e used in these sentences. Write the correct forms in the blanks. 1. 先通读小短文，了解大意。 The telephone _ (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell. He _ (born) in 1847. Mr. Bell _ (work) on the invention of the telephone with Thomas Watson. In 1875, Mr. Bell _ (learn) how to send musical notes through an instrumen
34、t similar to a telephone. Finally, the telephone _ (invent) in 1876. The first sentence that _ (say) on the telephone by Mr. Bell was “Mr. Watson, come here; I want to see you.” Today the telephone _ (use) around the world. 2. 逐句分析每一句话的意思，确定句子主语和谓语动词之间主动或被动关系。 3. 结合句子的时态，填上正确的形式。 4. 复读短文，看是否通顺。 5. C
35、heck the answers Homework 补全下列主动句变被动句。 1. Jenny put her clothes in the suitcase last night. Her clothes_ _ in the suitcase last night. 2. The twins sang an English song that day. An English song _ _ _ by the twins that day. 3. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? _ a bridge _ here by them a year
36、 ago? 4. They sold out the light green dresses yesterday. The light green dresses _ _ _ out. Section B 1 (1a-2e) 一、教学目标： 1. 语言知识目标： 1) 能掌握以下单词：crispy, salty, sour, by mistake, customer, the Olympics, Canadian, divide, divideinto, basket, popularity, look up to, hero, professional 2) 能掌握以下句型： Potato
37、chips were invented by mistake. It is believed that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21, 1891. Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into t
38、heir own basket. These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams. 2. 情感态度价值观目标： 了解世界上一些对人类有着重大意义的发明的相关信息，开阔学生的眼界，养成勤于思 考，善于发现的好习惯，培养学生的创造精神。 二、教学重难点 1. 教学重点： 1) 掌握本课时出现的生词及用法。 2) 进行听力训练，提高综合听说能力。 3) 阅读短文，获得相关信息，提高学生们的综合阅读能力。 2. 教学难点 1) 听力训练 2) 阅读 2b 部分的短文并完成相关要求。 三、教学过程 . War
39、ming up 1. Let Ss watch an interesting picture. 2. Ask some questions about them. 1. What did they eat? S1: Ice cream. 2. What did the big dog think of the ice-cream? S2: Sweet, cool, and delicious! Well lets look at some other delicious food, please. . Talking Work on 1a 1. Tell Ss that the words i
40、n the box describe how food can taste. Write them under the correct pictures. Some pictures have more than one word. 2. Ss work with their partners and try to write some proper words under the pictures. 3. Let some Ss read their answers. Try to remember the new words. Work on 1b 1. Let some Ss read
41、the adjective words in the box. Make sure they all know the meaning of each word. 2. Ss discuss with their partners. Try to write the name of a different food after each word. Learn the new words together: . Listening Work on 1c 1. Tell Ss the conversation is about how the potato chips were invented
42、. The story is very interesting. 2. First, let one Ss read the sentences in 1c. Make sure they know the meaning of each sentence. 1. Potato chips were invented by mistake. 2. They were invented in 1863. 3. The customer thought the potatoes were not thin enough. 4. The customer said they were not sal
43、ty enough. 5. George wanted to make the customer happy. 6. The custom was happy in the end. 3. Play the recording for the Ss. Listen for the first time. Play the recording again and judge T or F. Keys: T, F, T, F, F, T 4. Listen and answer the questions. 1. Who invented potato chips? 2. When were th
44、ey invented? 3. What did the custom order at the restaurant? 4. What did the custom think of the potato chips George cooked at first? 5. How did George cook the potatoes then? Work on 1d 1. Let Ss read the article in 1d first. Tell Ss to listen again and fill in the blanks with the right words. 2. P
45、lay the recording again for the Ss to listen and write the words. The History of Potato Chips Do you know how potato chips were invented? Potato chips _ by a cook called George Crum. They were invented in _. George Crum cut the potatoes really, really _ and then cooked them for a long time until the
46、y were _. Finally he put lots of salt on them so they were _. Keys: were invented, 1853, thin, crispy, really salty . Pair work 1. Work in pairs. Make a conversation about the invention of potato chips. Use the information in 1c and 1d. 2. Ask some pairs to act out their conversation in front of the
47、 class. . Discussion Show some pictures of playing basketball. Ask Ss some questions about basketball games. Discuss the sport with your partner and share your ideas with the class. e.g. T: Do you like basketball? (Whats your favorite sport?) S1: Sure. I like it very much. T: Do you watch basketball games? S2: Yes. I like to watch the NBA and CBA. T: Do you know the history of basketball game? . Reading Fast Reading Tell Ss to read the passage quickly. And find the main idea of each paragraph. Keys: 1. The main history of basketball. 2. How the
