1、Unit 3 Computer Part One: Teaching Design (第一部分：教学设计) Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading (WHO AM I?) Aims To talk about computer To read about computer Procedures I. Warming up Warming up by talking about computer Look at the pictures on page 17. What are they? What do they have in common? Y
2、es, they are computers. Then what is a computer? A computer is a machine which stores knowledge in its memory and does calculations on that knowledge. This knowledge is stored in symbols; it is called data. A computer usually has a monitor to show results. However, some computers can speak; these co
3、mputers can be used for voice mail. 计算机室 A computer frequently requires a boot device. The boot device contains the computers operating system and data. Computer programs can be installed onto a computer. Some people think that computers are less useful if they do not have access to the Internet. Th
4、ey think this because the Internet allows the computers to send and receive data and email across the world. 曙光 3000 巨型计算机 A computer is now almost always an electronic device. It usually contains materials which are toxic; these materials will become toxic waste when disposed of. When a new compute
5、r is purchased in some places, laws require that the cost of its waste management must also be paid for. This is called product stewardship. In some countries old computers are recycled (melted down) to get gold and other metals. This is dangerous, because this procedure releases the toxic waste int
6、o the water and soil. Computers become obsolete quickly. Very often they are given away and new ones replace them within two or three years. This makes the problem worse. Computer recycling is thus common. Many projects try to send working computers to developing nations so they can be re-used and w
7、ill not become waste as quickly. Computer jargon 计算机行话 Computer jargon means words to do with computers and surrounding topics. Knowing what these words mean can help you know more about computers. Some people use these words to impress other people (Also known as buzzwords). Examples of jargon: Bit
8、 - The smallest data unit, can either be a “0.” or a “1.”. Byte - unit of data. See also Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte and Nibble CPU Central Processing Unit, Another name for processor Data - Information stored on a computer Disk - A place to store data. Email - Electronic mail. GHz - Gigahertz. Use
9、d often incorrectly to describe the speed of a processor. But with some 2.4 GHz processors faster than 3.6 GHz ones, it is clear that it is just a salesman trick. Load - Get data from a disk Nibble - Half a Byte Save - Put data on a disk RAM random-access memory(随机存取存储器), the more the better. USB -
10、Universal Serial Bus（通用串行总线，一种简化了插接多种附件的薄型插座） WWW - World Wide Web, part of the Internet II. Pre-reading 1. Questioning and answering-What do you know about computer? Electronic machine capable of performing calculations and other manipulations of various types of data, under the control of a stored
11、 set of instructions. The machine itself is the hardware; the instructions are the program or software. Depending upon size, computers are called mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Microcomputers include desk-top and portable personal computers. A multi-function electronic device that ca
12、n execute instructions to perform a task. A device that accepts information, processes it, and supplies an output. A computer usually contains memory, a control unit, arithmetic and logical units, and a means for input and output. a programmable hardware component that is controlled by internally st
13、ored programs and that can perform substantial computations (including arithmetic and logic operations) without human intervention. A computer typically consists of one or more processing units, memory units, and associated peripheral input and output devices. Related to automation and electronic da
14、ta processing. The Library of Congress commonly classes most computer-related books in HF5548, QA75-76, Z52, T385, and some TK ranges. a machine for performing calculations automatically calculator: an expert at calculation (or at operating calculating machines) A computer is a device or machine for
15、 making calculations or controlling operations that are expressible in numerical or logical terms. Computers are constructed from components that perform simple well-defined functions. The complex interactions of these components endow computers with the ability to process information. If correctly
16、configured (usually by, programming) a computer can be made to represent some aspect of a problem or part of a system. If a computer configured in this way is give 2. Discussing and sharing-How have computers changed our lives? Someday soon, if you havent already, youre likely to plug into the compu
17、ter network nation growing in our midst. Computer terminals, or small computers connected via modem (a modulator/demodulator circuit for encoding/decoding computer chatter) to ordinary telephone lines, should be as ubiquitous as the telephone itself. Theyre a much more useful and humane tool than th
18、e phone, and with corporate America behind them the networks will be everywhere- changing our lives more than any technology since the automobile. Joining a computer network is the same as joining a community. Small systems are like villages, where new members are formally welcomed. The larger netwo
19、rks, the Source and CompuServe, for example, are cities-anonymous, full of life and events, but difficult to fit into. III. Reading 1. Listening and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I? Turn to page 18 and listen and read to the recording of the text. Pay attention to the pauses, pronuncia
20、tion and intonation of the native reader. 2. Reading aloud and underlining expressions Now we are to read the text once again and underline all the expressions in the text. Put them down into your notebook after class as homework. Collocations from WHO AM I? begin as, a calculating machine, be built
21、 as, follow instructions from, sound simple, at the time, a technological revolution, write a book, makework, solve problems, become huge, had artificial intelligence, go back to, the size of, go by, change size, become small and thin, get quick, stand there by oneself, be connected by, share inform
22、ation by, talk to, bringinto, deal with, communicate with, serve the human race 3. Reading, identifying and settling Attention, please! It is time to skim the text one more time and identify the difficult sentences. Try analyzing the structures of the difficult sentences and discuss them among your
23、group members. You may also put your questions to me for help. Chat （online） （在线）聊天 To chat is to talk about ordinary things that are not very important. You can chat to one person or to many people. People also use this word now for parts of the Internet where we can talk with many different people
24、 at the same time. Usually, you chat on the internet in a chat room or messaging service like AOL(American On-Line) Instant Messenger (AIM), Yahoo Messenger, or MSN Messenger. 4. Reading and transferring Scan the text for information to complete the table below, describing the development of compute
25、r. In 1642 In 1822 In 1936 In 1960s In 1970s IV. Closing down by doing comprehending exercises Turn to page 18 and in pairs do the comprehending exercises No. 1 and 2. Period 2: A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language (The Present Perfect Passive Voice) Aims To learn to useThe Present Perfe
26、ct Passive Voice To discover useful words and expression To discover useful structures Procedures I. Warming up by reading to the tape To begin with, turn to page 18, listening to and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I? Attention goes to the pauses and intonation, as well as the pronuncia
27、tion of the reader. II. Discovering useful words and expressions In pairs do the exercises 1, 2 and 3 on pages 19 and 20. You must finish them in 10 minutes. III. Learning about grammar 1. Passive VoiceOverview Tense or Model Passive Sentence Simple Present The TOEFL exam is given every six months.
28、Simple past The TOEFL exam was given last month. Simple Future The TOEFL exam this year will be given on October15. Present Continuous The TOEFL exam is being given every year. Present perfect The TOEFL exam has been given every year since 1950. Past perfect The TOEFL exam had been given before the
29、Vietnam War occurred. Simple Modal The TOEFL exam should be given to every Foreign student. Past Modal The TOEFL exam should have been given to all to enter US colleges. 2. The Present Perfect Passive Voice The structure of The Present Perfect Passive Voice is: have/ has beened IV. Reading aloud and
30、 discovering Now go back to page 18 to read aloud and discover in the text examples of The Present Perfect Passive Voice. As the years have gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller. Since then, my family and I have been used by billions of people to deal with information with each other around
31、the world by the Internet. V. Discovering useful structure We shall do grammar exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 20. VI. Closing down by doing a quiz Correct the mistakes in these passive voice sentences Example: The house was build in 1880. (correct = The house was built in 1880.) 1. 3000 employees were
32、 laying off. 2. A story will made up. 3. An idea was putted forward for discussion. 4. Has the book been give back to you yet? 5. My bank loan will be payed off in five years time. 6. Nothing can be hold against me. 7. Our allies will be lend support. 8. She has never heard of. 9. She was being knoc
33、ked down by a bus. 10. She was letted off with a fine. 11. The candle was blow out by the draught. 12. The criminal were locked up. 13. The flood water was be kept back by barriers. 14. The inconvenience will made up for by this money. 15. The keys must have been being left behind. 16. The old cinem
34、a is being pull down. 17. The protesters being held back by the police. 18. The road was blocking off. 19. Thirty more people were laid off last week. 20. Your jacket can be hanged up over there. Period 3: A sample lesson plan for Using Language (ANDY THE ANDROID) Aims To discuss about IT To write a
35、 report about IT To read about androids or robots Procedures I. Warming up by talking about IT What is Information technology? Information technology (IT) or information and communication technology (ICT) is the technology required for information processing. In particular the use of electronic comp
36、uters and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime. II. Listening and writing Turn to page 21. Look at the pictures and listen to a conversation about different kinds of information technology or IT, discuss and write down in gr
37、oups the advantages and disadvantages of each kind. III. Speaking and writing Suppose you and your partner are going to help choose computers for your school. Now talk about the special things each of the computer can do and write a report to your headmaster. IV. Reading, underlining and speaking It
38、 is said that computers could be put into androids or robots. Read the text AndyThe Android, underlining all the expressions and think of the fun you could have! Expressions from AndyThe Android part of a football team, once a year, get together, play a football game, be asas, in fat, look like, on
39、the football team, run fast, think like a human, shout to, in computer language, have a good shot for a goal, get second place, win the first place, have a new kind of program, improve ones intelligence, create a better system, play against a human team, in a way, programwith, make up, after all, wi
40、th the help of V. Writing a letter Suppose you are an android. What would say to a spoiled child who would not do his homework? Write a letter to the boy. Android An android is an artificially created being that resembles a human being. The word derives from Greek Andr- man, human and the suffix -ei
41、des used to mean of the species, kind, alike (from eidos species). The word droid, a robot in the Star Wars universe, is derived from this meaning. Some people maintain that, etymologically, the word android means resembling a male human and that a robot resembling a woman should logically be called
42、 a gynoid for sexist language to be avoided; however, this word is not commonly used. Unlike the terms robot (a mechanical being) and cyborg (a being that is partly organic and partly mechanical), the word android has been used in literature and other media to denote several different kinds of man-m
43、ade, autonomous creations: a robot that closely resembles a human a cyborg that closely resembles a human an artificially created, yet primarily organic, being that closely resembles a human Although essentially human morphology is not the ideal form for working robots, the fascination in developing
44、 robots that can mimic it can be found historically in the assimilation of two concepts: simulacra (devices that exhibit likeness) and automata (devices that have independence). The term android was first used by the French author Mathias Villiers de lIsle-Adam (1838-1889) in his work Tomorrows Eve,
45、 featuring a man-made human-like robot named Hadaly. As said by the officer in the story, “In this age of Realien advancement, who knows what goes on in the mind of those responsible for these mechanical dolls.” Part Two: Teaching Resources (第二部分：教学资源) Section 1: A text structure analysis of WHO AM
46、I? I. Type of writing and summary of WHO AM I? Type of writing This is a piece of narrative writing. Main idea of the passage Beginning as just a calculating machine in 1642 in France, the computer has been experiencing improvement again and over again over 300years or more, which has not only made
47、it more beautiful and intelligent but also changed mans life a great deal! Topic sentence of 1st paragraph I began as a calculating machine in 1642 in France. Topic sentence of 2nd paragraph No one could recognize me after I got my new transistors in the 1960s. II. A chain of events showing the deve
48、lopment of computer a calculating machine in 1642 in France an Analytical Machine in 1822 a “universal machine.” in 1936 the size of a large room made smaller and smaller getting new transistors in 1960s clever and quicker a network in the early 1960s talking to humans using BASIC in the early 1960s
49、 brought into peoples homes in 1970s Internet III. A retold version of the text WHO AM I? I, the computer, was a calculating machine in 1642 in France. Then I was built as an Analytical Machine in 1822, which was a technological revolution. I became a “universal machine” in 1936 to solve any mathematical problem. I was not very big at first then I became huge, the size of a large room before I was made smaller and smaller. Getting new transistors in 1960s I became clever and quicker. I was connecte
