1、安徽省滁州市第二中学高中英语 Unit22 Environmental Protection The Tenth Period Language Awareness 7教案 北师 大版选修 8 Teaching goals 教学目标 To revise and practice using the passive 1Ability goals 能力目标 Enable the Students to use the passive. 2Learning ability goals 学能目标 Help the students learn how to use the passive. Teach
2、ing important points教学重点 Passive gerund, passive infinitive, passive perfect infinitive Teaching difficult points教学难点 How to use the structure freely Teaching methods教学方法 Reading, speaking, discussing and writing Teaching aids 教具准备 Multi-computer Teaching procedures & ways 过程与方式 Step I Revision Chec
3、k the homework T: Yesterday we learned the stages to write a report. Who would like to say the stages and read your report to us? . Step II Lead in T: OK. Now look at the photo? Do you know who they are? Show the following on the PowerPoint. Christo and Jeanne-Claude (born June 13, 1935, Gabrovo, Bu
4、lg.) Bulgarian-born U.S. environmental artist. After attending Sofias Fine Arts Academy, he moved to Paris in 1958, where he began exhibiting his works with the nouveaux ralistes. His earliest sculptures were composed of cans and bottles, many of which were wrapped in paper, plastic, or fabric. He e
5、ventually expanded his projects to include buildings and landscapes. In 1964 he moved to New York City. Christo is noted for such monumental outdoor projects as Valley Curtain (1972) in Rifle Gap, Colo., and Running Fence (1976) in Marin and Sonoma counties, Calif. In 1995 he wrapped the Berlin Reic
6、hstag in metallic silver fabric. The Gates, Central Park, New York City, 19792005 (2005) featured 7,503 steel gates stretched across 23 miles (37 km) of walkway in Central Park. The gates stood 16 feet (5 metres) high and were decorated with saffron-coloured cloth panels. Though his displays, which
7、are temporary and involve hundreds of workers, are controversial among environmentalists, they have been critically well received. Since 1961 most have been collaborative efforts with his wife, Jeanne-Claude (b. 1935). Step III Language Awareness 7 Wrapped Up Ask students to read the text first. The
8、n ask them to try to answer the questions in Ex1. If students have the class in a room with Internet access, ask students to find the information about the two projects. If students dont have access to Internet, Teacher may print the following out as handout. Pink woven polypropylene fabric floating
9、 around eleven islands: 585,000 square meters (6.5 million square feet). Duration: 14 days. Surrounded Islands, Biscayne Bay, Miami, Florida, 1980-83 Christo and Jeanne-Claude On May 7, 1983 the installation of Surrounded Islands was completed. In Biscayne Bay, between the city of Miami, North Miami
10、, the Village of Miami Shores and Miami Beach, 11 of the islands situated in the area of Bakers Haulover Cut, Broad Causeway, 79th Street Causeway, Julia Tuttle Causeway, and Venetian Causeway were surrounded with 585,000 square meters (6.5 million square feet) of pink woven polypropylene fabric cov
11、ering the surface of the water, floating and extending out 61 meters (200 feet) from each island into the Bay. The fabric was sewn into 79 patterns to follow the contours of the 11 islands. For 2 weeks Surrounded Islands spreading over 11.3 kilometers (7 miles) was seen, approached and enjoyed by th
12、e public, from the causeways (堤道) the land, the water and the air. The luminous (发光的,发亮的) pink color of the shiny fabric was in harmony with the tropical vegetation of the uninhabited verdant island, the light of the Miami sky and the colors of the shallow waters of Biscayne Bay. Since April 1981, a
13、ttorneys Joseph Z. Fleming, Joseph W. Landers, marine biologist Dr. Anitra Thorhaug, ornithologists Dr. Oscar Owre and Meri Cummings, mammal expert Dr. Daniel Odell, marine engineer John Michel, 4 consulting engineers, and builder-contractor, Ted Dougherty of A and H Builders, Inc. had been working
14、on the preparation of the Surrounded Islands. The marine and land crews picked up debris from the eleven islands, putting refuse in bags and carting it away after they had removed some forty tons of varied garbage: refrigerator doors, tires, kitchen sinks, mattresses and an abandoned boat. From Nove
15、mber 1982 until April 1983, 6,500,000 square feet of woven polypropylene fabric were sewn at the rented Hialeah factory, into 79 different patterns to follow the contours of the 11 islands. A flotation strip was sewn in each seam. At the Opa Locka Blimp Hangar, the sewn sections were accordion folde
16、d to ease the unfurling on the water. The outer edge of the floating fabric was attached to a 30.5 centimeter (12 inch) diameter octagonal boom, in sections, of the same color as the fabric. The boom was connected to the radial anchor lines which extended from the anchors at the island to the 610 sp
17、ecially made anchors, spaced at 15.3 meter (50 foot) intervals, 76 meters (250 feet) beyond the perimeter of each island, driven into the limestone at the bottom of the Bay. Earth anchors were driven into the land, near the foot of the trees, to secure the inland edge of the fabric, covering the sur
18、face of the beach and disappearing under the vegetation. The floating rafts of fabric and booms, varying from 3.7 to 6.7 meters (12 to 22 feet) in width and from 122 to 183 meters (400 to 600 feet) in length were towed through the Bay to each island. There were 11 islands, but on two occasions, two
19、islands were surrounded together as one configuration. As with Christo and Jeanne-Claudes previous art projects, Surrounded Islands was entirely financed by the artists, through the sale by C.V.J. Corporation (Jeanne-Claude Christo-Javacheff, President) of the preparatory pastel and charcoal drawing
20、s, collages, lithographs and early works. On May 4, 1983, out of a total work force of 430, the unfurling crew began to blossom the pink fabric. Surrounded Islands was tended day and night by 120 monitors in inflatable boats. Surrounded Islands was a work of art which underlined the various elements
21、 and ways in which the people of Miami live, between land and water. Wrapped Reichstag, Berlin 1971-95 After a struggle spanning through the Seventies, Eighties and Nineties, the wrapping of the Reichstag was completed on June 24th, 1995 by a work force of 90 professional climbers and 120 installati
22、on workers. The Reichstag remained wrapped for 14 days and all materials were recycled. Ten companies in Germany started in September 1994 to manufacture all the various materials according to the specifications of the engineers. During the months of April, May and June 1995, iron workers installed
23、the steel structures on the towers, the roof, the statues and the stone vases to allow the folds of fabric to cascade from the roof down to the ground. 100,000 square meters (1,076,000 square feet) of thick woven polypropylene fabric with an aluminum surface and 15,600 meters (51,181 feet) of blue p
24、olypropylene rope, diameter 3.2 cm. (1.25?), were used for the wrapping of the Reichstag. The faades, the towers and the roof were covered by 70 tailor-made fabric panels, twice as much fabric as the surface of the building. The work of art was entirely financed by the artists, as have all their pro
25、jects, through the sale of preparatory studies, drawings, collages, scale models as well as early works and original lithographs. The artists do not accept sponsorship of any kind. The Wrapped Reichstag represents not only 24 years of efforts in the lives of the artists but also years of team work b
26、y its leading members Michael S. Cullen, Wolfgang and Sylvia Volz, and Roland Specker. In Bonn, on February 25, 1994, at a plenary session, presided by Prof. Dr. Rita Sssmuth, the German Bundestag (parliament) debated for 70 minutes and voted on the work of art. The result of the roll call vote was:
27、 292 in favor, 223 against and 9 abstentions. The Reichstag stands up in an open, strangely metaphysical area, The building has experienced its own continuous changes and perturbations: built in 1894, burned in 1933, almost destroyed in 1945, it was restored in the sixties, but the Reichstag always
28、remained the symbol of Democracy. Throughout the history of art, the use of fabric has been a fascination for artists. From the most ancient times to the present, fabric, forming folds, pleats and draperies, is a significant part of paintings, frescoes, reliefs and sculptures made of wood, stone and
29、 bronze. The use of fabric on the Reichstag follows the classical tradition. Fabric, like clothing or skin, is fragile, it translates the unique quality of impermanence. For a period of two weeks, the richness of the silvery fabric, shaped by the blue ropes, created a sumptuous flow of vertical fold
30、s highlighting the features and proportions of the imposing structure, revealing the essence of the Reichstag. Deal with Ex1. Ask students to read the article individually and do Ex1. While doing Ex1, students may refer to the above information. Check the answers with the whole class. Suggested answ
31、ers: 1. Surrounded Islands took about three years. The wrapping of the Reichstag took 24 years. 2. Fabric, booms, steel and polypropylene ropes. 3. For 2 weeks Surrounded Islands spreading over 11.3 kilometers (7 miles) was seen, approached and enjoyed by the public, from the causeways, the land, th
32、e water and the air. The Reichstag attracted huge numbers of visitors from around the world. 4. It is easier for some to grasp the wrapping concept and refer to their artworks entirely as “wrapping“, but the work is more about altering an environment than wrapping which is only one way to that. Chri
33、sto and Jeanne-Claudes works are entire environments, whether they are urban or rural. The artists temporarily use one part of the environment. In doing so, we see and perceive the whole environment with new eyes and a new consciousness. The effect is astounding. To be in the presence of one of thes
34、e artworks is to have your reality rocked. You see things you have never seen before. You also get to see the fabric manifest things that cannot usually be seen, like the wind blowing, or the sun reflecting in ways it had not before. The effect lasts longer than the actual work of art. Years after e
35、very physical trace has been removed and the materials recycled, original visitors can still see and feel them in their minds when they return to the sites of the artworks. There is no other way to describe that the feeling of that effect other than to say it is magical. Step IV The Passive Go over
36、the grammar: The Passive. Ask students to learn Grammar Summary 2, page 100. Then deal with the grammar exercises on Page 15. T: Now discuss the questions in Ex2&3 in groups. From Ex3 we can learn there are three main reasons for using the passive voice in English: to focus on the action rather than
37、 the doer to put special emphasis on the doer to avoid having a long subject in an active sentence The following chart includes sentences changed from the active to the passive in the principal tenses. Active Passive Time Reference They make Fords in Cologne. Fords are made in Cologne. Present Simpl
38、e Susan is cooking dinner. Dinner is being cooked by Susan Present Continuous James Joyce wrote “Dubliners“. “Dubliners“ was written by James Joyces. Past Simple They were painting the house when I arrived. The house was being painted when I arrived. Past Continuous They have produced over 20 models
39、 in the past two years. Over 20 models have been produced in the past two years. Present Perfect They are going to build a new factory in Portland. A new factory is going to be built in Portland. Future Intention with Going to I will finish it tomorrow. It will be finished tomorrow. Future Simple Of
40、tentimes, when a sentence is in passive voice, the “by“ phrase is deleted. This is because the doer of the action is understood or unknown. The “by“ phrase is only retained (allow to remain in a place or position) when the doer of the action needs to be made clear even though the focus is on the obj
41、ect of the action. Deal with Ex3. Ask students to change the sentences into passive. Use “by .” only if necessary. Check the answers by having individuals read out the sentences. Deal with Ex4. Ask students to read the sentences with the correct preposition filled in together. Step VI Homework Do Ex5&6 in their exercise-books.
