1、复合句 1、概述 复合句(complex sentence)由一个主句(main clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(subordinate clause)构成。主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句则只用作句子的一个成分,不 能独立。 After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles.在学生全都 进入化学实验室后,老师拿出三个瓶子来。 (主句是“the teacher brought out three bottles”, 从句是“After the studen
2、ts were all in the chemistry lab” 。 ) Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.玉米是一种非常有用的 作物,可用许多不同的方法制作成食物。 (主句是“Corn is a very useful plant”,从句是“that can be prepared in many different ways”。 ) We also believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air.我们还认为会有
3、更多的人愿 意乘飞机旅行。 (主句是“We also believe”但意义不完整,从句是 “that many more people will prefer to travel by air”。 ) 2、从句的基本概念及其结构 从句不能独立成为一个句子,虽然它也有主语部分和谓语部分。从句通常由关联词引导, 并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句的结构通常是:关联词+主语+谓语。 When I came home, my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时,妻子在做晚饭。 He said that he would come. 他说他要来 Did you see th
4、e letter that I sent him? 你看到我寄给他的信了吗? Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而 定。 3、关联词(connective) 引导从句的关联词共有下列 5 类: (1)从属连词:that(无词义) ,before (在前) ,whether(是否) ,after(在之后) , if(假如、是否) ,since(既然、自从), because(因为) ,as/so long as(只要) ,when (当 时候) ,so that(结果) (2)疑
5、问代词:who, which, whom, what, whose 等。 (3)疑问副词:when, why, where, how (4)关系代词:who, which, whom, that, whose (5)关系副词:when, why, where 4、关联词在从句中的功用举例 We cant travel through the forest by road because there arent any roads! 我们不能从陆路穿过 森林,因为这儿根本没有路可走!(关联词是从属连词 because,引导状语从句) I think that its wrong to eat m
6、onkeys, so I dont.我认为吃猴子是不对的,所以我不吃。 (关联 词是从属连词 that,引导宾语从句,在从句中不作成分) Anybody who breaks the rule is punished. 谁要是破坏了这条规则,谁就要受到惩罚。 (关联 词是关系代词 who,引导定语从句,在从句中作主语) Although it was expensive, we decided to buy the computer.虽然价钱昂贵,我们还是决定把计 算机买下来。 (关联词是从属连词 although,引导状语从句) Would you please let me know wh
7、en you have a match?你们有比赛的时候,请告诉我好吗? (关联词是疑问副词 when,引导宾语从句,在从句中作状语) What we need is more time.我们需要的是更多的时间。 (关联词是疑问代词 what,引导主语 从句,在从句中作宾语) 5、从句的功用和种类 从句在复合句中,可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等,因此,可分为六类: 即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 The dam, which is the biggest in the world , is 3,830 metres long.这座水坝是世界上最大的
8、一座, 长 3830 米。 (含有 which 引导的定语从句) Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the llth floor.当 11 层楼 起火的时候,大楼内有 500 人在工作。 (含有 when 引导的时间状语从句) The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page. 由主编决定哪 篇报导最重要,应安排在头版。 (含有 which 引导的宾语从句) Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。 (含有 whether 引 导的主语从句) That is where he was born. 这就是他出生的地方。 (含有 where 引导的表语从句) We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到了我们球队己经获胜的消息。 (含有 that 引导的同位语从句)