1、第一部分 systematic anatomy 系统解剖学 topographic anatomy 局部解剖学 macroanatomy 巨视解剖学 microanatomy 微视解剖学 surgical anatomy 外科解剖学 surface anatomy 表面解剖学 X-ray anatomy X 线解剖学 sectional anatomy 断层解剖学 locomotive anatomy 运动解剖学 anatomical position 解剖学姿势 superior 上 inferior 下 cranial 颅侧 caudal 尾侧 anterior 前 ventral 腹侧
2、posterior 后 dorsal 背侧 medial 内侧 lateral 外侧 internal 内 external 外 superficial 浅 profound 深 proximal 近侧 distal 远侧 ulnar 尺侧 radial 桡侧 tibial 胫侧 fibular 腓侧 left 左 right 右 horizontal 水平 central 中央 Vertical axis 轴 Sagittal axis 矢状轴 Coronal axis 冠状轴 Sagittal plane 矢状面 plane 面 horizontal plane 面 variation 变
3、异 abnormal 异常 dissection 解剖 cadaver 尸体 specimen 标本 model 模型 bone 骨 2 long bone 长骨 diaphysis, shaft 骨干 medullary cavity 髓腔 nutrient foramen 滋养孔 epiphysis 骺 articular surface 关节面 metaphysis 干骺端 epiphysil cartilage 骺软骨 epiphysial line 骺线 short bone 短骨 flat bone 扁骨 irregular bone 不规则 骨 pneumatic bone 含气
4、骨 sesamoid bone 籽骨 process 突 spine 棘 eminence 隆起 tuberosity 粗隆 tuber 结节 tubercle 小结节 crest 嵴 line 线 fossa 窝 fovea 凹 foveola 小凹 sulcus 沟 impression 压迹 cavity 腔 sinus 窦 antrum 房 cellules 小房 canal 管 meatus 道 aperture 口 foramen 孔 hiatus 裂孔 head 头 capitulum 小头 condyle 髁 epicondyle 上髁 surface 面 border 缘 n
5、otch 切迹 compact bone 骨密质 spongy bone 骨松质 trabeculae 骨小梁 diploe 板障 periosteum 骨膜 endosteum 骨内膜 bone marrow 骨髓 3 osteoporosis 骨质疏 松症 vertebrae 椎骨 vertebral body 椎体 vertebral foramen 椎孔 vertebral canal 椎管 vertebral arch 椎弓 pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根 intervertebral foramina 椎间孔 lamina of vertebral ar
6、ch 椎弓板 spinous process 棘突 transverse process 横突 articular process 关节突 thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 cervical vertebrae 颈椎 uncus of vertebral body 椎体钩 transverse foramen 横突孔 atlas 寰椎 axis 枢椎 vertebrae prominens 隆椎 lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 sacrum；sacral bone 骶骨 promontory 岬 sacral hiatus 骶 管 裂 孔 sacral cornu 骶角 co
7、ccyx 尾骨 sternum 胸骨 manubrium sterni 胸骨柄 sternal angle 胸骨角 jugular notch 颈静脉 切迹 body of sternum 胸骨体 xiphoid process 剑突 costal arch 肋弓 costal bone 肋骨 costal head 肋头 costal neck 肋颈 costal tubercle 肋结节 shaft of rib 肋体 costal groove 肋沟 costal angle 肋角 costal cartilage 肋软骨 skull 颅 calvaria 颅盖 frontal bone
8、 额骨 ethmoid bone 筛骨 sphenoid bone 蝶骨 hypophysial fossa 垂体窝 greater wing 大翼 foramen rotundum 圆孔 4 foramen ovale 卵圆孔 foramen spinosum 棘孔 lesser wing 小翼 optic canal 视 神 经 管 superior orbital fissure 眶上裂 pterygoid process 翼突 pterygoid canal 翼管 temporal bone 颞骨 squamous part 鳞部 mandibular fossa 下颌窝 articu
9、lar tubercle 关 节 结 节 tympanic part 鼓部 petrous part 岩部 internal acoustic pore 内耳门 carotid canal 颈 动 脉 管 styloid process 茎突 mastoid process 乳突 stylomastoid foramen 茎突孔 occipital bone 枕骨 foramen magnum 枕 骨 大 孔 parietal bone 顶骨 mandible 下颌骨 mental foramen 颏孔 ramus of mandible 下颌支 head of mandible 下颌头 ne
10、ck of mandible 下颌颈 angle of mandible 下颌角 mandibular foramen 下颌孔 hyoid bone 舌骨 vomer 犁骨 maxilla 上颌骨 infraorbital foramen 眶下孔 frontal process 额突 zygomatic process 颧突 alveolar process 牙槽突 palatine process 腭突 palatine bone 腭骨 nasal bone 鼻骨 lacrimal bone 泪骨 inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲 zygomatic bone 颧骨 cor
11、onal suture 冠状缝 sagittal suture 矢状缝 lambdoid suture 人字缝 external occipital protuberance 枕 外 隆 凸 anterior cranial fossa 颅前窝 5 middle cranial fossa 颅中窝 foramen lacerum 破裂孔 posterior cranial fossa 颅后窝 clivus 斜坡 internal occipital protuberance 枕 内 隆 凸 jugular foramen 颈 静 脉 孔 pterion 翼点 infratemporal fos
12、sa 颞下窝 pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝 orbit 眶 nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管 frontal squama 额鳞 inferior orbital fissure 眶下裂 bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻 腔 superior middle and inferior nasal meatus 上、中、 下鼻道 paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦 frontal sinus 额窦 ethmoidal sinuses 筛窦 sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦 maxillary sinus 上颌窦 oral cavity 骨
13、性 口 腔 cranial fontanelles 颅囟 anterior fontanelle 前囟 posterior fontanelle 后囟 clavicle 锁骨 scapula 肩胛骨 subscapular fossa 肩 胛 下 窝 spine of scapula 肩胛冈 supraspinous fossa 冈上窝 infraspinous fossa 冈下窝 acromion 肩峰 coracoid process 喙突 glenoid cavity 关节盂 humerus 肱骨 head of humerus 肱骨头 anatomical neck 解剖颈 great
14、er tubercle 大结节 lesser tubercle 小结节 surgical neck 外科颈 deltoidtuberosity 三角肌 粗隆 sulcus for radial nerve 桡 神 经 沟 capitulum of humerus 肱 骨 小 头 6 lateral epicondyle 外上髁 medial epicondyle 内上髁 radius 桡骨 head of radius 桡骨头 neck of radius 桡骨颈 radial tuberosity 桡 骨 粗 隆 styloid process 茎突 ulna 尺骨 trochlear no
15、tch 滑 车 切 迹 olecranon 鹰嘴 coronoid process 冠突 ulnar tuberosity 尺 骨 粗 隆 head of ulna 尺骨头 styloid process 尺 骨 茎 突 carpal bones 腕骨 scaphoid bone 手舟骨 lunate bone 月骨 triquetral bone 三角骨 pisiform bone 豌豆骨 trapezium bone 大多角 骨 trapezoid bone 小 多 角 骨 capitate bone 头状骨 hamate bone 钩骨 metacarpal bones 掌骨 phala
16、nges of fingers 指骨 hip bone 髋骨 ilium 髂骨 iliac crest 髂嵴 anterior superior iliac spine 髂 前 上 嵴 posteior superior iliac spine 髂 后 上 嵴 tubercle of iliac crest 髂结节 greater sciatic notch 坐骨大 切迹 iliac fossa 髂窝 arcuate line 弓状线 ischium 坐骨 ischial spine 坐骨棘 lesser sciatic notch 坐骨小 切迹 ischial tuberosity 坐 骨
17、结 节 pubis 耻骨 pecten pubis 耻骨梳 7 pubis tubercle 耻 骨 结 节 symphysial surface 耻骨联 合面 obturator foramen 闭孔 acetabulum 髋臼 lunate surface 月状面 femur 股骨 femoral head 股骨头 neck of femur 股骨颈 greater trochanter 大转子 lesser trochanter 小转子 linea aspera 粗线 gulteal tuberosity 臀肌粗 隆 medial condyle 内侧髁 lateral condyle
18、外侧髁 intercondylar fossa 髁间窝 adductor tubercle 收肌结 节 patella 髌骨 tibia 胫骨 intercondylar eminence 髁 间 隆 起 tibial tuberosity 胫 骨 粗 隆 medial mallelous 内踝 fibula 腓骨 lateral malleolus 外踝 tarsal bones 跗骨 calcaneus 跟骨 talus 距骨 medial cuneiform bone 内 侧 楔 骨 intermediate cuneiform bone 中 间 楔 骨 lateral cuneifor
19、m bone 外 侧 楔 骨 navicular bone 足舟骨 cuboid bone 骰骨 metatarsal bones 跖骨 phalanges of toes 趾骨 fbrous joint 纤维连接 cartilaginous joint 软骨连接 synostosis 骨性结合 syndesmosis 韧带连接 suture 缝 synchondrosis 透明软骨结合 symphysis 纤维软骨联合 articulation 关节 synovial joint 滑膜关节 8 articular surface 关节面 articular cartilage 关节软骨 ar
20、ticular capsule 关节囊 fibrous membrane 纤维膜 synovial membrane 滑膜 synovial fluid 滑液 articular cavity 关节腔 ligament 韧带 articular disc 关节盘 articular labrum 关节唇 synovial fold 滑膜襞 synovial bursa 滑膜囊 translation 移动 flexion 屈 extension 伸 dorsiflexion 背屈 plantarflexion 跖屈 adduction 收 abduction 展 rotation 旋转 med
21、ial rotation 旋内 lateral rotation 旋外 pronation 旋前 supination 旋后 circumduction 环转 hinge joint 屈戌关节 trochoid joint; pivot joint 车轴关节 ellipsoid joint 椭圆关节 sellar joint;saddle joint 鞍状关节 ball and socket joint; spheroidal joint 球窝关节 plane joint 平面关节 vertebral column 脊柱 intervertebral disc 椎间盘 nucleus pulp
22、osus 髓核 anulus fibrous 纤维环 anterior longitudinal ligament 前纵韧带 posterior longitudinal ligament 后纵韧带 ligamenta flava 黄韧带 interspinal ligament 棘间韧带 supraspinal ligament 棘上韧带 ligamentum nuchae 项韧带 intertransverse ligament 横突间韧带 zygapophyseal joint 关节突关节 atlantooccipital joint 寰枕关节 anterior atlantooccip
23、ital membrane 寰枕前膜 posterior atlantooccipital membrane 寰枕后膜 atlantoaxial joint 寰枢关节 thorax 胸廓 9 costovertebral joint 肋椎关节 joint of costal head 肋头关节 costotransverse joint 肋横突关节 sternocostal joint 胸肋关节 temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节 sternoclaviclar joint 胸锁关节 acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节 coracoacromial
24、 ligament 喙肩韧带 shoulder joint 肩关节 elbow joint 肘关节 humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节 humeroradial joint 肱桡关节 proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 radial collateral ligament 桡侧副韧带 unlar collateral ligament 尺侧副韧带 annular ligament of radius 桡骨环状韧带 interosseous membrane of forearm 前臂骨间膜 distal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节 j
25、oints of hand 手关节 radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节 wrist joint 腕关节 intercarpal joint 腕骨间关节 carpometacarpal joint 腕掌关节 carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节 intermetacarpal joint 掌骨间关节 metacarpophalangeal joint 掌指关节 interphalangeal joint 指骨间关节 sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节 iliolumbar ligament 髂腰韧带 sacrotuberous ligame
26、nt 骶结节韧带 sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带 pubic symphysis 耻骨联合 obturator membrane 闭孔膜 obturator canal 闭膜管 pelvis 骨盆 greater pelvis 大骨盆 lesser pelvis 小骨盆 hip joint 髋关节 acetabular labrum 髋臼唇 iliofemoral ligament 髂股韧带 ligament of head of the femur 股骨头韧带 pubofemoral ligament 耻股韧带 ischiofemoral ligament 坐股韧带 k
27、nee joint 膝关节 patellar ligament 髌韧带 fibular collateral ligament 腓侧副韧带 tibial collateral ligament 胫侧副韧带 oblique popliteal ligament 腘斜韧带 cruciate ligament 膝交叉韧带 anterior cruciate ligament 前交叉韧带 10 posterior cruciate ligament 后交叉韧带 meniscus 半月板 medial meniscus 内侧半月板 lateral meniscus 外侧半月板 joints of foo
28、t 足关节 talocrural joint 距小腿关节 ankle joint 踝关节 medial ligament 内侧韧带 lateral ligament 外侧韧带 anterior talofibular ligament 距腓前韧带 posterior talofibular ligament 距腓后韧带 intertarsal joint 跗骨间关节 talocalcaneal joint 距跟关节 subtalar joint 距下关节 talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节 calcaneocuboid joint 跟骰关节 transverse
29、 tarsal joint 跗横关节 plantar calcaneonavicular ligament 跟舟足底韧带 spring ligament 跳跃韧带 bifurcate ligament 分岐韧带 tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节 intermetatasal joint 跖骨间关节 metatasophalangeal joint 跖趾关节 interphalangeal joint 趾骨间关节 肌学 Muscle 肌 Muscle belly 肌腹 Tendon 肌腱 Aponeurosis 腱膜 Fascia 筋膜 Superficial fascia
30、浅筋膜 Deep fascia 深筋膜 Synovial bursa 滑膜囊 Tendinous sheath 腱鞘 Fibrous layer 纤维层 Fibrous sheath of tendon 腱纤维鞘 Synovial layer 滑膜层 Synovial sheath of tendon 腱滑膜鞘 Mesotendon 腱系膜 Epicranius 颅顶肌 Galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜 Frontal belly 额腹 Occipital belly 枕腹 Orbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌 11 Buccinator 颊肌 Orbicularis o
31、ris 口轮匝肌 Masseter 咬肌 temporalis 颞肌 Medial pterygoid 翼内肌 lateral pterygoid 翼外肌 Platysma 颈阔肌 Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌 Digastric 二腹肌 Mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌 Stylohyoid 茎突舌骨肌 Geniohyoid 颏舌骨肌 Sternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌 Omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌 Sternothyroid 胸骨甲状肌 Thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌 Scalenus anterior 前斜角肌 Scalenus medius 中斜角肌 Scalen
32、us posterior 后斜角肌 Cervical fascia 颈筋膜 Trapezius 斜方肌 Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌 Levator scapulae 肩胛提肌 Rhomboideus 菱形肌 Erector spinae 竖脊肌 Splenius 夹肌 Thoracolumbar fascia 胸腰筋膜 Pectoralis major 胸大肌 Pectoralis minor 胸小肌 Serratus anterior 前锯肌 Intercostales externi 肋间外肌 Intercostales interni 肋间内肌 Intercostales
33、intimi 肋间最内肌 Transverses thoracis 胸横肌 Clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜 Diaphragm 膈 Central tendon 中心腱 Aoctic hiatus 主动脉裂孔 Esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔 Vena caval foramen 腔静脉孔 Obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌 Inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带 Lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带 Pectineal ligament 耻骨梳韧带 Superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅环 O
34、bliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌 Inguinal falx 腹股沟镰 Conjoint tendon 联合腱 Cremaster 提睾肌 Transversus abdominis 腹横肌 Rectus abdominis 腹直肌 12 Tendinous intersection 腱划 Sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘 Arcuate line 弓状线 Linea alba 白线 Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌 Inguinal canal 腹股沟管 Deep inguinal ring 腹股沟管深环 Inguina
35、l triangle 腹股沟三角 Deltoid 三角肌 Supraspinatus 冈上肌 Infraspinatus 冈下肌 Teres minor 小圆肌 Teres major 大圆肌 Subscapularis 肩胛下肌 Musculotendinous cuff 肌腱袖 Biceps brachii 肱二头肌 Coracobrachialis 喙肱肌 Brachialis 肱肌 triceps brachii 肱三头肌 Brachioradialis 肱桡肌 Pronator teres 旋前圆肌 Flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌 Palmaris longu
36、s 掌长肌 Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌 Flexor digitorum superficialis 指浅屈肌 Flexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌 Flexor digitorum profundus 指深屈肌 Pronator quadratus 旋前方肌 Extensor carpi radialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌 Extensor carpi radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌 Extensor digitorum 指伸肌 Extensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌 Extensor carpi ulnar
37、is 尺侧腕伸肌 Supinator 旋后肌 Abdutor pollicis longus 拇长展肌 Extensor pollicis brevis 拇短伸肌 Extensor pollicis longus 拇长伸肌 Extensor indicis 示指伸肌 Thenar 鱼际 Abdutor pollicis brevis 拇短展肌 Flexor pollicis brevis 拇短屈肌 Opponens pollicis 拇对掌肌 Adductor pollicis 拇收肌 Hypothenar 小鱼际 Abductor digiti minimi 小指展肌 Flexor digi
38、ti minimi brevis 小指短屈肌 Opponens digiti minimi 小指对掌肌 Lumbricales 蚓状肌 Palmar interossei 骨间掌侧肌 Dorsal interossei 骨间背侧肌 Axillary fossa 腋窝 13 Deltopectoral groove 三角胸肌间沟 Trilateral foramen 三边孔 Quadrilateral foramen 四边孔 Cubital fossa 肘窝 Carpal canal 腕管 Iliopsoas 髂腰肌 Psoas major 腰大肌 Iliacus 髂肌 Psoas minor
39、腰小肌 Tensor fasciac latae 阔筋膜张肌 Gluteus maximus 臀大肌 Gluteus medius 臀中肌 Gluteus minimus 臀小肌 Piriformis 梨状肌 Obturator internus 闭孔内肌 Quadratus femoris 股方肌 Obturator externus 闭孔外肌 Sartorius 缝匠肌 Quadriceps femoris 股四头肌 Pectineus 耻骨肌 Adductor longus 长收肌 Gracilis 股薄肌 Adductor brevis 短收肌 Adductor magnus 大收肌
40、Biceps femoris 股二头肌 Semitemdinosus 半腱肌 Semimenbranosus 半膜肌 Tibialis anterior 胫骨前肌 Extensor digitorum longus 趾长伸肌 Extensor hallucis longus 长伸肌 Peroneus longus 腓骨长肌 Peroneus brevis 腓骨短肌 Triceps surae 小腿三头肌 Gastrocnemius 腓肠肌 Soleus 比目鱼肌 Tendo calcaneus 跟腱 Popliteus 腘肌 Flexor digitorum longus 趾长屈肌 Flexo
41、r hallucis longus 长屈肌 Tibialis posterior 胫骨后肌 Suprapiriformis foramen 梨状肌上孔 Infrapiriformis foramen 梨状肌下孔 Lacuna vasorum 血管腔隙 Lacuna musculorum 肌腔隙 Femoral canal 股管 Femoral ring 股环 Femoral triangle 股三角 Adductor canal 收肌管 Popliteal fossa 腘窝 viscera 内脏 splanchnology 内脏学 14 hilum; porta 门 hilum of lung
42、 肺门 porta hepatis 肝门 anterior median line 前正中线 sternal line 胸骨线 midclavicular line 锁骨中线 parasternal line 胸骨旁线 anterior axillary line 腋前线 posterior axillary line 腋后线 midaxillary line 腋中线 scapular line 肩胛线 posterior median line 后正中线 alimentary system 消化系统 alimentary canal 消化管 alimentary gland 消化腺 oral
43、 cavity 口腔 oral vestibule 口腔前庭 oral cavity proper 固有口腔 oral lips 口唇 philtrum 人中 nasolabial sulcus 鼻唇沟 cheek 颊 papilla of parotid duct 腮腺管乳头 palate 腭 hard palate 硬腭 soft palate 软腭 velum palatinum 腭帆 uvula 腭垂 palatoglossal arch 腭舌弓 palatopharyngeal arch 腭咽弓 isthmus of fauces 咽峡 teeth 牙 upper dental ar
44、ch 上牙弓 lower dental arch 下牙弓 deciduous teeth 乳牙 permanent teeth 恒牙 wisdom tooth 迟牙 incisors 切牙 canine teeth 尖牙 molars 磨牙 premolars 前磨牙 crown of tooth 牙冠 root of tooth 牙根 neck of tooth 牙颈 pulp chamber 牙冠腔 root canal 牙根管 apical foramen 根间孔 dental cavity 牙腔 pulp cavity 髓腔 dentine 牙质 enamel 釉质 15 cement
45、 牙骨质 dental pulp 牙髓 periodontal membrane 牙周膜 alveolar bone 牙槽骨 gingiva 牙龈 tongue 舌 body of tongue 舌体 root of tongue 舌根 terminal sulcus 界沟 apex of tongue 舌尖 foramen cecum of tongue 舌盲孔 papillae of tougue 舌乳头 filiform papillae 丝状乳头 fungiform papillae 菌状乳头 foliate papillae 叶状乳头 vallate papillae 轮廓乳头 li
46、ngual tonsil 舌扁桃体 frenulum of tongue 舌系带 sublingual caruncle 舌下阜 sublingual fold 舌下襞 intrinsic lingual muscles 舌内肌 extrinsic lingual muscles 舌外肌 genioglossus 颏舌肌 salivary gland 唾液腺 minor salivary glands 小唾液腺 major salivary glands 大唾液腺 parotid gland 腮腺 parotid duct 腮腺管 accessory parotid gland 副腮腺 sub
47、mandibular gland 下颌下腺 sublingual gland 舌下腺 pharynx 咽 cavity of pharynx 咽腔 nasopharynx 鼻咽 pharyngeal opening of auditory tube 咽鼓管咽口 tubal torus 咽鼓管圆枕 pharyngeal recess 咽隐窝 tubal tonsil 咽鼓管扁桃体 pharyngeal tonsil 咽扁桃体 oropharynx 口咽 median glossoepiglottic fold 舌会厌正中襞 epiglottic vallecula 会厌谷 palatine to
48、nsil 腭扁桃体 tonsillar fossulae 扁桃体小窝 supratonsilar fossa 扁桃体上窝 laryngopharynx 咽喉 piriform recess 梨状隐窝 esophagus 食管 stomach 胃 lesser curvature of stomach 胃小弯 16 angular incisure 角切迹 greater curvature of stomach 胃大弯 cardia 贲门 cardiac incisure 贲门切迹 pylorus 幽门 cardiac part 贲门部 fundus of stomach 胃底 fornix
49、of stomach 胃穹窿 body of stomach 胃体 pyloric part 幽门部 pyloric canal 幽门管 pyloric antrum 幽门窦 pyloric valve 幽门瓣 pyloric sphincter 幽门括约肌 small intestine 小肠 duodenum 十二指肠 superior part 上部 superior duodenal flexure 十二指肠上曲 duodenal bulb 十二指肠球 descending part 降部 inferior duodenal flexure 十二指肠下曲 longitudinal fold of duodenum 十二指肠纵襞 major duodenal papilla 十二指肠大乳 头 minor duodenal papilla 十二指肠小乳 头 horizontal part 水平部 ascending part 升部 duodenojejunal flexure 十二指肠空肠 曲 suspensory ligament of duodenum 十二指肠悬韧 带 jejunum 空肠 ileum 回肠 solitary lymphatic follicles 孤立淋巴滤泡 agg
