1、1 适用范围 Scope of application 本标准规定了常州西电变压器有限责任公司所生产的出口变压器产品运输包装 的总体要求、包装方式、包装箱技术要求、装箱方法、装箱流程、包装标识等 主要内容。适用于本公司经铁路、公路及海洋运输的出口产品包装。 The standard stipulates the general requirements which include packing way, packing technical requirements, encasement method, encasement procedure and packing identificat
2、ion etc. of transport package for export transformer produced by Changzhou XD Transformer Co. Ltd. It applies to export product packing by railway, highway and ocean transportation. 2 引用标准 Quoted criteria 下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成本标准的条文。本标准出 版时，所有标准均为有效。所以标准都会被修订，标准使用方应探讨使用下列 标准最新版本的可能性。 Provisions co
3、ntained in the following standard form the standard provision by quoting in this standard. When the standard published, all the standards are valid. All the standards will be revised. Standard users shall explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following criteria. GB/T 7350-1999 防
4、水包装 GB/T 7350-1999 Water-proof packing GB/T 155-2006 原木缺陷 GB/T 155-2006 Defects in logs GB/T 4823-1995 锯材缺陷 GB/T 4823-1995 Defects in swan timber GB/T 9846.3-2004 胶合板 第 3 部分：普通胶合板通用技术条件 GB/T 9846.3-2004 Plywood The third part: General technical conditions of ordinary plywood GB/T 7284-1998 框架木箱 GB/T
5、 7284-1998 Frame wooden case GB/T 5048-1999 防潮包装 GB/T 5048-1999 Damp-proof packing GB/T 6388-1986 运输包装收发货标志 GB/T 6388-1986 Transport package shipping mark GB/T 13384-2008机电产品包装通用技术条件 GB/T 13384-2008 General technical conditions of mechanical and electrical products packing SN/T 0273-2002进出口商品运输包装木箱检
6、验检疫规程 SN/T 0273-2002 Import and export goods transport packaging wooden box, inspection and quarantine procedures 3 总则 General 3.1 产品包装应符合牢固、经济、合理、美观的原则。在正常的储运、装 卸条件下应保证产品自工厂发货之日起，至少两年内不因包装不善而产生残损、 散失、锈蚀甚至影响产品性能等现象，确保产品能安全、迅速、完整无损地到 达目的地，及时交付用户使用。 Packaging of products should accord with strong, eco
7、nomic, reasonable and beautiful principle. Under the condition of the normal storage and transportation, loading and unloading shall ensure that product from the date of shipments, in at least two years there would not come into damaged, lost, corrosion even affecting properties of products etc. phe
8、nomena. To make sure the products can arrive at the destination safely, rapidly and in one piece and deliver to the customers in time. 3.2 应根据包装物品的性质、重量、外形尺寸、流通环境条件和用户要求， 选择正确的包装方式，做到包装紧凑、防护合理、安全可靠。 We should choose the right modes of packing according to nature, weight, boundary dimension, circulat
9、ion environment conditions and customers requirements of packing goods to make the packaging compact, protection reasonable and safe and reliable. 3.3 产品必须经检验合格、组部件齐全，做好防护处理后，方可进行包装。 随机文件应齐全。 The products should be qualified through inspection. The parts should be complete. The products can be packe
10、d till the protection being done well. Random file should be complete. 3.4 包装箱的外形尺寸及重量应符合国内外运输方面的有关超限、超重的规 定。 Boundary dimension and weight of packing case should be accorded with domestic and international transport regulations on overrun, overweight. 3.5 包装环境应清洁、干燥、无有害物质。 Packaging environment sho
11、uld be clean, dry and with no harmful substances. 3.6 为降低成本，有原包装的应尽量利用原包装，经修理或改装的包装箱 应符合专业包装的有关标准要求。 In order to reduce costs, ones with the original packaging should try to use the original packaging. Packing cases after the repair or modification shall accord with the relevant standards of profess
12、ional packaging requirements. 3.7 装箱后等待运输的包装箱特别是附件箱要求室内存放，确保包装质量 不受影响。 Packing case waited for transporting especially the accessory case is required in indoor storage to make sure the packing quality is not affected. 4 包装方式 Packing way 4.1 产品及拆卸件主要选用的包装方式有裸装、局部装和木箱装。 Main packing ways chose for pro
13、ducts and assemblies are nude packing, partial packing and wooden case packing. 4.2 防护包装主要分为防水包装和防震包装。 Protective packaging consists of waterproof packing and shockproof packing. 防水材料采用聚乙烯塑料薄膜、聚乙烯塑料复合纸，如防雨布、PE 袋、防 雨篷布等，其材质、性能符合 GB/T 7350 标准。 Waterproof material adopts polyethylene plastic film and p
14、olyethylene plastic composite paper, such as waterproof cloth, PE bag and waterproof tarpaulins etc. and their material and performance accord with the GB/T 7350 standard. 防震材料采用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料、复合发泡塑料、塑料气垫等。 Vibration-proof material adopts polystyrence foam, compound foamed plastics and the plastic cushion
15、 etc. 5 包装箱基本技术要求 General safety specification of packing case 5.1 包装材质要求 Requirements of packaging material 5.1.1 包装材料的选用根据内装物的特点正确选择。 The selection of packaging materials should be right choice according to the characteristics of the built-in objects. 5.1.2 变压器产品的包装材料以木质材料为主，其材质应在保证包装箱强度 的前提下，根据经济
16、环保原则选用非疫区的适当树种。主要受力构件的选材为 落叶松、加松、铁杉、花旗松，非主要受力部位也可以选用人工合成或深度加 工的木质材料。所用实木需熏蒸处理。 Packaging material of transformer is given priority to with wood material which shall be under the prerequisite of the intensity of packing and to choose the appropriate tree species in unaffected areas according to the e
17、conomic and environmental protection principle. Selection of main stress components are dahurian larch, pine, hemlock and douglas fir. The main stress parts also can choose synthetic or deep processing of wood materials. 5.1.3 同一包装箱的箱板色泽应基本一致，宽窄均匀，外表面平整，无虫眼 和明显毛刺。 The board color of same packing cas
18、e should be consistent. It has the uniform width, flat surface and with no bug and obvious burrs. 5.1.4 滑木含水率不大于 24%，其它部位木材的含水率不大于 20%。 Wood moisture content is not more than 24% and other parts the moisture content of lumber is not more than 20%. 5.1.5 制箱木材各部位允许缺陷度见表 1、表 2，木材中各种缺陷的解释和 计算方法、斜纹的倾斜度检量
19、方法按 GB/T 155 和 GB/T 4823 的规定。 Each part of box wood allowing defects are shown in table 1 and table 2. Interpretation and calculation methods of various defects in wood, the inclination of the twill calibration method are according to GB/T 155 and GB/T 4823. 表 1 木材的缺陷限度（滑木、端木、枕木） Table 1 Defects lim
20、it of wood (slippery wood, terminal wood, crosstie ) 木 材 的 允 许 缺 陷 限 度 allowed defects limit of wood缺陷名称 Name of defects 滑木、端木、枕木等主要受力构件slippery wood, terminal wood, crosstie, etc main stress components 活节和死节 Live and dead section 任意材长 1000mm 中，节子的个数不能超过 5 个，最大节子直径不能 超过材宽的 30%（死节必须修补） ，直径不足 5mm 的节子不
21、计。滑木与 枕木的钉接部位不得有死节。 Any material in 1000 mm long, the number of knot is no more than 5, the diameter of biggest knot is no more than 30% of the material width ( Dead knot must be repaired.) Knot with diameter less than 5mm is not counted. Nail parts of slippery wood and crosstie can not have dead kn
22、ots. 腐 朽 Decayed 不允许 not allowed 虫 孔 Wormhole 不允许 not allowed 裂 纹 Crack 裂纹长度不得超过材长的 20%（宽度不足 3mm 的裂纹不计） ，不允许有 贯通裂纹 Length of crack is no more than 20% of material length ( crack with width less than 3mm is not counted), hole-through crack is not allowed. 钝 棱 Wane 钝棱最严重的部分缺角宽度不得超过材宽的 30%，高度不得超过材厚的 三分
23、之一 A blunt edge of the most serious part of the missing angle width shall not exceed 30% of the material width. Height should not exceed one third of the material thickness. 弯 曲 Curve 顺弯、横弯不得超过 1%，翘弯不得超过 2% The bending and transverse bending should not exceed 1%.Crosswise concaving should not exceed
24、 2%. 斜 纹 Cross grain 纹理的倾斜度不得超过 20% The inclination of the texture should not exceed 20%. 表 2 木材的缺陷限度（箱板、箱档） Table 2 Defects limit of wood ( boxboard, cleat) 允 许 缺 陷 限 度 allowed defects limit 缺 陷 Defect 箱 板 boxboard 箱 档 cleat 腐 朽 Decayed 不允许 not allowed 虫 眼 Wormhole 不许有 not allowed 死 节 Dead knot 直径自
25、 5mm 以下不计。最大节子直径不 大于单板宽度 30%（每块箱面只允许一 个） ，脱落节子需堵实 Diameter below 5mm is not counted. The largest diameter of knot is no more than 30% of veneer width (Each box side allows only one). Knot dropped off should be blocked up. 最大节子直径不大于档宽 25% The largest diameter of knot is no more than 25% of crosspiece
26、 width. 节子 Knot 活 节 Live knot 最大节子直径不大于单板宽度 50% The largest diameter of knot is no more than 25% of veneer width. 最大节子直径不大于档宽 30% The largest diameter of knot is no more than 30% of crosspiece width. 裂 纹 Crack 裂长不大于板长 20%，裂宽不大于 2mm，横裂不许有 Length of crack is no more than 20% of plank. Width of crack i
27、s no more than 2mm.Transverse fissure is not allowed. 裂长不大于档长 10% 裂宽不大于 1mm，横裂不许有 Length of crack is no more than 10% of crosspiece. Width of crack is no more than 1mm. Transverse fissure is not allowed. 夹 皮 Bark pocket 不许有 not allowed 斜 纹 Cross grain 斜纹的倾斜度不得超过 20% The inclination of the cross grai
28、n should not exceed 20% 钝 棱 Wane 箱面上、下口钝棱缺角尺寸不许有，中 间、两端钝棱缺角尺寸不大于板厚 30% Under the box surface, blunt edge missing angle size is not allowed to have. Both end and middle blunt edge missing angle size is not more than 30% of veneer thickness. 钝棱缺角尺寸不大于板厚 25% A blunt edge missing angle size is not more
29、than 25% of veneer thickness. 注： 所有节子缺陷，在板、档两端着钉范围不得超过单板、箱档宽度的 25%，钝棱面必须朝里。 Note: All defects of knots, on both ends of plate, the pin scope shall not exceed 25% of the single board, box gear width, blunt edge surface must be inwards. 5.1.6 胶合板 Plywood 胶合板选用 GB/T 9846.3-2004 胶合板 第 3 部分：普通胶合板通用技术 条件中
30、规定的类胶合板。 Plywood choose GB/T 9846.3 2004 Plywood The Third Part: General Technical Conditions of Ordinary Plywood of III kind of plywood. 5.2 顶盖载荷 The top load 施于横梁的顶盖载荷，按顶盖面积规定为为 5.0kPa(510kgf/m2)。 In beam top load, as stipulated in the head area of 5.0 kPa (510 KGF/m2). 5.3 堆码载荷 Stacking load 施于侧面
31、的堆码载荷，按顶盖面积规定如表 3。 For stacking load to the side, it is stipulated in the roof area such as table 3. 表 3 堆码载荷 Table 3 Stacking load 内装物重量(kg) 堆码载荷 kPa（kgf/ m2） weight of built-in objects (kg) stacking load kPa （kgf/ m 2） 5000 10.0(1020) 500010000 15.0(1530) 10000 20.0(2040) 注:本规格中,顶盖载荷主要是指横梁支撑的上部载荷;
32、堆码载荷主要是指侧框支撑的上部载荷。因此， 直接放置比顶盖宽度小的货物时，顶盖载荷和堆码载荷发生作用，放置与顶盖宽度相同的货物或使用比顶 盖宽度大的合适货物时，主要是堆码载荷发生作用。 Note: In this specification, top load mainly refers to the upper load supported by beam; stacking load mainly refers to the upper part of the load supported by side of the frame. Therefore, when placed the g
33、oods smaller than top width directly, top load and stacking load militate. When placed the goods same as the top width or used the right goods is larger than the top width, stacking load mainly militate. 5.4 间隙 Gap 为防止内装物因接触框架木箱的面而引起损伤,在其间充填缓冲材料或留出 适当间隙,单面间隙 30mm。 In order to prevent the built-in ob
34、jects damage caused by contact with the face of the frame wooden box, filling buffer materials among them or leaving appropriate gap. Single gap is 30mm. 5.5 尺寸的表示方法 Expressive methods of size 5.5.1 包装箱的尺寸用内尺寸或外尺寸表示,根据表 4 规定。 According to the provisions of table 4, we express packing size with the s
35、ize or outside dimensions. 表 4 包装箱的尺寸表示 Table 4 Dimensions indicated of packing case 名称 name 内 尺 寸 Inside dimension 外 尺 寸 External dimension 长 (L) 宽(W) 高(H) 端支柱的内面间距离 The distance between the side pillar of the inside 侧支柱的内面间距离 The distance between the side pillars inside 侧面上、下框两外缘间的距离 On the side,
36、the distance between the two outer box 内长 +（端柱厚+端外板厚）2 Inseam length+ ( thickness of end post +thickness of planking ) *2 内宽 +（侧柱厚+侧外板厚）2 Inner width + ( thickness of column+ thickness of test plate) *2 内高+顶盖厚 +底座厚（滑木厚 +辅助滑木厚+底板） Inner height+ thickness of header+ thickness of base ( thickness of sl
37、ippery wood+ thickness of assistant slippery wood+ floor) 5.5.2 尺寸偏差 Dimensional deviation 木构件宽度与厚度的尺寸偏差按表 5 规定。 Dimensional deviation of the width and thickness of the wooden pieces is stipulated in the table 5. 表 5 木构件的宽度与厚度的尺寸偏差（mm） Table 5 Dimensional deviation of width and thickness of timber c
38、omponents (mm) 尺寸范围 Range of sizes 偏差 Deviation 20 -1+2 20100 2 100 3 6 包装箱的结构 The structure of the packing 6.1 底座 Base 底盘是木箱的底面，并且在上面安装侧板和端板，起支撑装载物的作用，底座 的结构见图 1。底座各构件尺寸见表 6。 Base is the bottom of the case on which lateral plate and end plate are installed. Its role is to support the stowage. The s
39、tructure of the base as shown in picture 1. Sizes of each component of base are shown in table 6. 图 1 底座结构 Picture 1 bottom structure 注：底座（或底盘、底架木）上放上内装物后，在未进行固定加固、绑扎等或未装侧板，端板之前， 不得单靠底盘进行起吊等装卸作业。 Note：Built-in objects put on base (or chassis, timber underframe), without fixed reinforcement, binding,
40、 etc or without installing lateral plate and end plate, chassis would not be allowed to lifting handling operation, etc alone. 6.1.1 滑木 Slippery wood 6.1.1.1 滑木一般应均匀排布，但对底板兼枕木的形式，若内装物底座用螺 栓固定在滑木上，限于螺栓孔位置，滑木的位置可以适当偏移。 Slippery wood should be evenly arranged generally. But for the form of baseplate an
41、d crosstie, if the base of built-in objects is fixed on slippery wood with bolts, because of the bolt hole position, the position of slippery wood can be skew appropriately. 6.1.1.2 滑木的中心间隔一般不大于 1200mm，需用叉车横向进叉装卸时， 滑木的中心间隔应不大于 1000mm（内装物重量为 1500kg 以下的，应不大于 800mm） ，超过规定的间隔，中间应增加相同截面的滑木。 The center in
42、terval of the slippery wood is generally not more than 1200 mm. When need to use the forklift into the fork loading and unloading crosswise, the center interval of the slippery wood is generally not more than 1000 mm (weight of built-in objects below1500 kg, should not be greater than 800 mm). In ex
43、cess of the prescribed intervals, we should increase slippery wood with the same cross section. 6.1.1.3 滑木应尽量采用一根整木，若长度不够时，可以对接，但对接的位 置不能在长度的中心处，而且各滑木的对接位置应错开。 Slippery wood should adopt a piece of complete log. If the length is not enough, it can be butt joint but the docking position cannot be in
44、the center of the length. And the docking position of each slide wood should stagger. 表 6 底座各构件的尺寸 mm Table 6 Sizes of components of floor mm 滑木 Slippery wood 底板的厚度 Thickness of floor 内装物 重 量 kg Weight of built-in objects kg 箱的内长 Inseam length 尺寸 Sizes （宽 X 厚） ( width * thickness) 端木 terminal wood （
45、宽厚） ( width * thickness) 端木与滑木联 结用螺栓直径 Diameter of bolts for terminal wood and slippery wood jointing mm 木板 board mm 胶合板 plywood mm 1000 3500 9060 6060 M10 或钢钉 Or steel nail 15 5.5 10005000 5000 120120 100100 M12 18 9 50001000 0 7000 150150 120120 M16 21 12 6.1.2 端木 Terminal wood 端木用螺栓或钢钉安装在滑木上，端木外侧
46、面距滑木端部的距离等于端木 的厚度，端木的尺寸及其与滑木联结用螺栓的直径按表 6 的规定，端木的长度 与内宽相同。 Terminal wood is installed on slippery wood with bolts and steel nails. The lateral aspect of terminal wood from slippery wood end distance is equal to the thickness of terminal wood. Size of terminal wood and diameter of bolts coupling with
47、slippery wood are according to the provisions in table 6. 6.1.3 枕木 Crosstie 主要起支撑内装物的作用，尺寸根据包装箱滑木位置、内装物的重量及形 状等来决定。枕木规格应符合内装物对包装箱的强度要求，具体按 GB/T 7284- 1998 中 5.1.5 规定。 It has the role of supporting built-in objects. The size is decided according to the location of packaging case slippery wood, weight
48、 and shape of built-in objects. The specifications of crosstie should be consistent with the strength of the built-in objects for packaging requirements. Specific situation is according to regulation 5.1.5 in GB/T 7284-1998. 枕木用螺栓或钢钉安装在滑木上,联结螺栓或钢钉的直径按表 7 的规定。 Crosstie is installed on slippery wood b
49、y bolts or steel nails. Diameter of coupling bolts or steel nails is according to the stipulation in table 7. 表 7 枕木的安装 Table 7 Installing of crosstie 枕 木 的 厚 度 Thickness of crosstie mm 安 装 方 法 Installation method 60 用钢钉钉 by steel nail 6090 用 M10 螺栓紧固 fixed by M10 bolts 90150 用 M12 螺栓紧固 fixed by M12 bolts 150 用 M16 螺栓紧固 fixed by M16 bolts 6.1.4 底 板 Baseplate 底板宽度不应小于 200mm，厚度按表 6 规定使用。底板用钢钉安装在滑木 上。 Width of baseplate should not less than 200mm, the thickness used as the stipulation in t
