1、毕业论文（设计）Title: The Application of the Iconicity to the Translation of Chinese Poetry题 目: 象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用学生姓名 孔令霞 学 号 BC09150201 指导教师 祁晓菲 助教年 级 2009级英语本科（翻译方向）二班专 业 英语系 别 外国语言文学系黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文黑龙江外国语学院本科生毕业论文（设计）任务书姓名孔令霞学号BC09150201专业班级英语本科翻译二班毕业论文（设计）题目：象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用毕业论文（设计）的立题依据在导师的帮助下自主命题。主要内容及要
2、求1，综合运用的知识能力。2，研究方案的设计（或论证）能力。3，研究方法和手段的运用能力。4，查阅文献资料能力。进度安排 10月 20日 选题 10月 20日 10月 30 日 接受指导老师的指导 1 月 6 日 1月 20 日 拟定论文大纲 1 月 21 日 2月 28 日 搜集、查阅、整理相关资料 3 月 1 日 3月 20 日 论文开题 3 月 21日 4月 20 日 初稿审定 4 月 21日 4月 30 日 第一次修改 5月 1 日 5月 15 日 第一次审定 5月 15日 5月 30 日 第二次修改 5 月 30 日 6月 5 日 定 稿6月 5 日 6月 15 日 论文评阅小组评审
3、论文（设计） 6 月 10日 毕业论文（设计）答辩学生签字：指导教师签字：年 月 日摘要索绪尔提出的语言符号任意性，近些年不断受到质疑，来自语言象似性的研究是最大的挑战。语言象似性理论是针对语言任意性理论提出来的，并在不断发展。象似性是当今认知语言学研究中的一个重要课题，是指语言符号的能指与所指之间的自然联系。本文以中国诗歌英译为例，探讨象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用，从以下几个部分阐述：（1）象似性的发展；（2）象似性的定义及分类；（3）中国诗歌翻译的标准；（4）象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用，主要从以下几个方面论述：声音象似、顺序象似、数量象似、对称象似方面。通过以上几个方面的探究，探讨了中国
4、诗歌翻译中象似性原则的重大作用，在诗歌翻译过程中有助于得到“形神皆似”和“意美、音美、形美”的理想翻译效果。关键词：象似性；诗歌；翻译iiiAbstractThe arbitrariness theory of language signs proposed by Saussure is severely challenged by the study of language iconicity in recent years. The theory of iconicity is put forward in contrast to that of arbitrariness and has
5、 been developing gradually. Iconicity, which is an important subject in the research of cognitive linguistics, refers to a natural resemblance or analogy between the form of a sign and the object or concept. This thesis mainly discusses the application of the iconicity to the translation of Chinese
6、poetry. The paper is better described from the following parts: (1) The development of the iconicity; (2) The definition and classification of the iconicity; (3) The standards of the translation to Chinese poetry; (4) The application of the iconicity to the translation of Chinese poetry, mainly disc
7、ussed from the following aspects: sound iconicity, order iconicity, quantity iconicity, and symmetrical iconicity. Through in-depth discussion of the above aspects, this paper could come to the conclusion that the iconicity is very important in the translation of poetry. It is conductive to reach th
8、e ideal effect of “the similarity of form and spirit” and “the three beauties”.Key words: the iconicity; poetry; translation黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文Contents摘要.iAbstract.iiChapter 1 Introduction.1Chapter 2 An Overview of the Iconicity.3 2.1 The Iconicity and the Arbitrariness.3 2.2 Definition of the Iconici
9、ty.42.3 Classification of the Iconicity5Chapter 3 The Standards of the Translation to Chinese Poetry.63.1 The Similarity of Form and Spirit.63.2 The Three Beauties.73.3 The Principle of the Iconicity.7Chapter 4 The Application of the Iconicity to the Translation of Chinese Poetry.84.1 The Applicatio
10、n of the Iconicity to the Translation of Chinese Poetry on the Phonological Level .9 4.1.1 Sound Iconicity and its Translation on Chinese Poetry.9 4.2 The Application of the Iconicity to the Translation of Chinese Poetry on the Textual Level.94.2.1 Order Iconicity and Its Translation on Chinese Poet
11、ry.94.2.2 Quantity Iconicity and Its Translation on Chinese Poetry.124.2.3 Symmetrical Iconicity and Its Translation on Chinese Poetry.15 Chapter 5 Conclusion.17Bibliography.18Acknowledgements.19The Application of the Iconicity to the Translation of Chinese PoetryChapter 1 IntroductionThe ancients l
12、eft a lot of poetry in China which reflects the broad and profound Chinese literature. With the development of Chinese literature, more and more scholars have been widely studied about the translation of Chinese poetry. Among the standards of the translation to Chinese poetry, the iconicity has arou
13、sed more and more concern. The theory of iconicity was first proposed by C.S.Peirce, founder of American practicalism and semiotics. Since then this theme has been discussed and studied by many famous researches like Jakobson, Haiman, and so on. Iconicity is one of the hotly-discussed issues at pres
14、ent in the linguistic and semiotic field. The theory of iconicity is a great challenge to “Saussurean theory of arbitrariness” and a forceful complement as well. Iconicity in language falls into the category of cognitive linguistics, which is regarded as an essential part of cognitive linguistics. I
15、conicity is not only a challenge but also a complement to Saussures arbitrariness of linguistic sign. The discussion over arbitrariness and iconicity is a hot topic in the field of language research, which is actually a problem about the relationship of the signifier and the signified. In fact, the
16、study of iconicity has been carried out in recent years, Many philosophers, semioticians and linguists have been concemed with such phenomenon in language for a long time. Iconicity can be found not only in natural language, but also in literary language, especially in poetry, which is said to have
17、the richest presence of iconicity in all literary genres, because poetry allows the most complex and innovative use of language on the typographical level(such as special use of fonts and spacing), on the sound level (such as sound symbolism, metre and rhyme), on the morphological and syntactic leve
18、l (such as changes in regular word order and distancing), and on the textual level. This thesis attempts to analyze Chinese poetry and its translation from a more integrated and original perspective, an iconic perspective. Much Chinese poetry can be translated from the perspective of iconicity. The
19、iconicity is an important feature of poetry and should be reproduced in its translation. In the application of the principle of iconicity to the translation of Chinese poetry, it is advisable to grasp the expressive features of iconic discourse in the source version and properly present them in the
20、target version. This article through the following aspects: sound iconicity, order iconicity, quantity iconicity, symmetrical iconicity so as to realize the re-creating in the form as well as in the spirit. Chapter 2 An Overview of the IconicityThe theory of iconicity is regarded as a great challeng
21、e to Saussures arbitrariness of linguistic sign. The theory of iconicity was first put forward by C.S.Peirce, the founder of American practicalism and semiotics. According to Peirce and Haimans classification of iconic signs, this paper gets six subclasses of iconicity: the sound iconicity, the dist
22、ance iconicity, the order iconicity, the quantity iconicity, the graph iconicity and the symmetry iconicity.2.1 The Iconicity and the ArbitrarinessThe arbitrariness theory of language signs proposed by Saussure is severely challenged by the study of language iconicity in recent years. The view that
23、the language sign is arbitrary is the core of Saussures linguistic theory. Saussure found the nature of language symbol but he left the link unexplained between the signifier and the signified. The theory of iconicity is put forward in contrast to that of arbitrariness and has been developing gradua
24、lly. Iconicity, which is an important subject in the research of cognitive linguistics, refers to a natural resemblance or analogy between the form of a sign and the object or concept.Iconicity has been discussed hotly at present in the linguistic and semiotic field. The theory of iconicity is put f
25、orward in contrast to that of arbitrariness and has been developing gradually. Meanwhile, it is a forceful complement to Saussures arbitrariness as well. Iconicity in language means that the form of the word or sign conveys the meaning of the word or sign. The theory of iconicity is regarded as a gr
26、eat challenge to Saussures arbitrariness of linguistic sign. The study of iconicity has been carried out in recent years. 2.2 Definition of IconicityThe theory of iconicity was first put forward by C.S.Peirce, the founder of American practicalism and semiotics. Since then this theme has been discuss
27、ed and studied by many famous researchers like Haiman, Givon, and so on. The following are some of the representative definitions of iconicity. Haiman characterizes iconicity as a set of “signs whose meaning in some crucial way resembles their form”. He also claims that “linguistic forms are frequen
28、tly the way is because, like diagrams, they resemble the conceptual structures they are intended to convey”. The relationship between form and meaning is to a considerable extent motivated. Cognitive linguists maintain that linguistic structure is a reflection of cognitive or experiential structure.
29、 Newmeyer argues that iconicity “embodies the idea that the form, length, complexity, or interrelationship of elements in a linguistic representation reflects of communicative strategy that the representation encodes.” Givon claims that any non-arbitrary relation in language qualifies an iconic rela
30、tion. Therefore, some scholars usually conclude that iconicity is the similarity between the signifier and the signified. Language iconicity refers to the phenomenon of imitation between the sound, meaning, and form of language and what they signify in the real world. From the above-mentioned defini
31、tions, this paper can find that there is still no fixed definition of iconicity so far. Although researchers have made many attempts, none of their definitions is so perfect as to explain all the phenomena in language, and to some extent, its application is dependent on the subjectivity of the resea
32、rchers and scholars themselves. 2.3 The Classification of the IconicityOutside world is the source of signs meaning, according to Peirce, signs can be placed in to three classes. Peirce identifies three types of signs: icon, index and symbol. The three kinds of signs are different from each other in
33、 terms of the degree of arbitrariness. He also further divides icons into three types: images, diagrams and metaphors, which differ from each other according to the similarity between the sign and its objects. In accordance with these he concludes three types of iconicity: imagic iconicity, Diagramm
34、atic iconicity and Metaphorical iconicity.Haiman further develops Peirces theory and regards diagrammatic iconicity as “a systematic arrangement of signs, none of which necessarily resembles its referent, but whose relationships to each other mirror the relationships of their referents.” Haiman furt
35、her classifies diagrammatic icon into two types: isomorphism and motivation.According to Peirce and Haimans classification of iconic signs, this paper gets six subclasses of iconicity: the sound iconicity, the distance iconicity, the order iconicity, the quantity iconicity, the graph iconicity and t
36、he symmetry iconicity. The iconicity can be found on the phonological level, lexical level, syntactic level and textual level. This thesis will analyze the four iconicity principles of them. Chapter 3 The Standards of the Translation to the Chinese Poetry There are many standards of the translation
37、to the Chinese poetry, and among them these three standards are famous. “The similarity of form and spirit” or “the beauty of sense the beauty of sound the beauty of form” are the ideal standers and goals of translation, but the iconicity is the most important and effective rhetorical device in poet
38、ry creation.3.1 The Similarity of Form and Spirit In the case of literary text, the most optimal state is “the similarity of form and spirit”. However, it is very hard to both express the verve of the original texts and represent the form of the original texts in the translation practice. Sometimes,
39、 it is impossible to get the translation effects with “both form and content integrated” And for exactly that reason, Mao dun propose spirit likeness and Fu lei stands for “spirit is much more important than form” if you cant have your cake and eat it, you should give up the “shape” and leave the “s
40、pirit”. Compared to other literary form, poetry has its unique features on the sound, word, sentence, text structure of its organization and selection. Poetry emphasized on the outside world imitation, through mimicking the outside world of sound, form and structure to realize its stylistic effects.
41、 3.2 The Three BeautiesProfessor Xu Yuanchong proposes that “Three beauties” are the highest standards for poems translation. The “Three beauties” are the beauty of sense, the beauty of sound and the beauty of form. The “Three beauties” are an organic whole; none of them can be ignored. Its basic me
42、aning is: Poetry translation in meaning, sound, form structure these several levels, should use the corresponding and appropriate target language to convey vividly the poetic charm. That will give us the beautiful enjoyment of art in vision, feeling and hearing.Professor Xu Yuanchong stressed that y
43、ou should put your hand to the meaning, sound and rhymes these three aspects to translate poetry successfully. Cognitively, the principle of “three beauties” is consistent with the iconicity of poetry. The “three beauties” and the “the similarity of form and spirit” are consistent. “Beauty of sound”
44、 “beauty of form” correlate “the similarity of form”; “beauty of sense” correlates “the similarity of spirit”.3.3 The Principle of the Iconicity As “the similarity of form and spirit” or “the beauty of sense the beauty of sound the beauty of form” are the ideal standers and goals of translation, but
45、 how to attend it. Lu Weizhong thinks people should adopt the viewpoint of iconicity and throughout the translation of form especially form of extra meaning to achieve the ideal translation effect of “similarity of form and spirit”Among the types of literature, poetrys iconicity is the most prominen
46、t iconicity. Iconicity is the most important and effective rhetorical device in poetry creation. So, pay attention to recognize and analyze the applying of iconicity technique in the original poems when to translate the poetry that can be able to achieve the ideal goal of “similarity of form and spirit” The iconicity now prevails in the literary works, which is a fact can not be negated. From the pe
