1、2018高考英语（通用版）短文语法填空汇编（解析版共15页）（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017淄博模拟)According to data from population reports and statistics made by the World Bank, Japanese people in 2013 _1_ (live), on average, to 83 years old, and the country itself ranks _2_ the top five nations with
2、 the longest life expectancy (预期寿命) _3_ major contributor to Japans high life expectancy and overall health is their diet, as determined by the countrys Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.According to a recent study _4_ (publish) by the BMJ, Japanese people _5_ kept on the traditional Japanese d
3、iet during the 15year study had a mortality rate (死亡率) 15% lower than those who did not. Further, those who _6_ keep were also _7_ (little) likely to suffer from some diseases.Japans Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare _8_ (break) the traditional Japanese diet down in their version of the food py
4、ramid, called the “Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top”. Though the Japanese diet gives special _9_ (important) to high intakes of fish and soybean products instead of fats, it is _10_ (general) a balance of grains, vegetables, fish and meat, and milk and fruits. However, the guide also includes snacks
5、, sweets, cakes and alcoholic drinks, which can be consumed in control, rather than completely rejected.【语篇解读】本文是一篇调查报告。日本位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首，饮食是日本人长寿的主要原因。本文主要分析了日本传统饮食的特点以及国家对国民饮食的指导。1lived考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“in 2013”可知，谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填lived。2on/among考查介词。句意为：日本人2013年的平均寿命是83岁，位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首。on the top意为“在顶
6、部”；此句也可理解为：位居预期寿命最长的五个国家当中，用among。故填on/among。3A考查冠词。空格处修饰名词“contributor”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词；且major的读音以辅音音素开头。故填A。注意首字母大写。4published考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语“study”与publish之间构成被动关系，因此应用所给词的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填published。5who/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为“Japanese people”，指人，从句中缺少主语。故填who/that。6did考查谓语动词的强调结构。根据上文中的“had”和“
7、did not”可知，此处应用一般过去时，谓语动词表示强调应借助于助动词did。故填did。7less考查副词的比较级。根据句意及上文中的“lower”可知，此处应用形容词little的比较级形式。故填less。8breaks考查动词的时态。本句主语是“Japans Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。本段叙述的是客观事实，故时态主要是一般现在时。故填breaks。9importance考查词性转换。形容词“special”应修饰名词。故填important的名词形式importance。10generally考查词性转换。根
8、据语境可知，日本饮食通常也是谷类、蔬菜类、鱼类、肉类以及牛奶和水果的一个平衡。generally意为“通常”，在句中作状语。故填generally。语法填空(2016广州市综合测试一)There once was a forest filled with happy animals. One day a raccoon (浣熊) found some socks left behind by picnickers, and _1_ (decide) to wear them. They fitted so well, and felt so _2_ (comfort), that he kep
9、t them on. He spent his days _3_ (walk) through the forest in his new socks.Other animals became envious of the raccoons new look and followed his trend. First it was squirrels in _4_ (shirt), then rabbits _5_ hats on, and finally birds wearing underpants!Doctor Bear, the forest physician, disapprov
10、ed and tried to warn the clotheswearers. _6_ no one listened. Instead, they urged him to follow the latest trend too.Soon, the problems started. A squirrel caught his shirt on a branch and crashed to the ground. A rabbit tried entering his hole while _7_ (wear) his hat and got stuck. Even the raccoo
11、n, thanks to his bright coloured socks, slipped into the river and almost died.When the _8_ (injure) animals came to see Doctor Bear, he told them, “Your clothes are killing you. You dont need _9_.”Those _10_ listened to the doctors advice finally understood they didnt need clothes. Theyd only start
12、ed wearing clothes to make others envy them.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文讲述了一些动物纷纷效仿穿着袜子的浣熊，穿上各种各样的衣服，结果却害了自己。1decided根据and可知，空处与found构成并列谓语，故应填过去式decided。2comfortablefelt为系动词，本处应用形容词作表语，故填comfortable。3walkingspend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”，故填现在分词walking。4shirts此处表示“穿着衬衫的松鼠”，应用名词的复数形式，
13、故填shirts。5with本处用“with宾语宾补”的复合结构作rabbits的定语，表示“戴着帽子的兔子”。6But前后句之间为转折关系，故应填连词But。7wearing“当兔子戴着它的帽子尝试着进洞时”，此处为状语从句的省略，原句应为“while he was wearing his hat”。8injured此处表示“受伤的动物”，应用形容词作定语。9them句意：你们的衣服会要了你的命，你们不需要它们。空处代指“clothes”，填them。10who句意：那些听了医生建议的动物最终理解了它们并不需要衣服。本处为定语从句，先行词为Those，本文拟人化，应用关系代词who。（201
14、7高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017湖南六校联考)Every summer _1_ he was a boy, Satchin Panda would stay on _2_ grandparents farm near Chandipur on the east coast of India. He lazed in a hammock(吊床), caught fish in the lake and climbed trees _3_ (pick) mangoes. His grandfather spent m
15、ost of his 91 years there, _4_ (work) in his 20acre field. He produced almost all that his wife and eight children needed. They _5_ (cook) what he grew; they sold a little rice _6_ bought salt. “He did that for his entire life，” says Panda. “He travelled more than 100 km from his home perhaps eight
16、or nine _7_ (time)”Now Pandas home _8_ (be) thousands of miles awaya fourbedroom house in San Diego, California and he _9_ (regular) jets around the world for work. “If Im within a distance of a fivehour _10_ (fly) from India，” he says, “I will go and see my mom and my sister.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Sa
17、tchin Panda祖父母以前的生活和目前他自己的生活情况。1when考查定语从句。句意为：当Satchin Panda还是个小男孩时，每年夏天他总会待在位于印度东海岸昌迪普尔附近的他祖父母的农场里。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，指代先行词“Every summer”，且在从句中作时间状语，故应用when引导该从句。故填when。2the/his考查定冠词/代词。根据下文可知，Satchin Panda是待在他祖父母的农场里，此处他祖父母的农场也可以看做是特指。故填the/his。3to pick考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，表明他爬树是为了摘芒果。故填to
18、 pick。4working考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句已经有谓语动词“spent”，故work在此处应用非谓语动词形式；且work与主语“His grandfather”之间是主动关系，故应用work的现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填working。5cooked考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空格处作谓语。根据上下文的时态可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填cooked。 6and考查连词。根据语境可知，卖点儿大米与买盐之间是并列关系，故应用并列连词and连接。故填and。7times考查名词。分析句意可知，time在此处表示次数。eight or nine times
19、意为“八九次”，符合语境。故填times。8is考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中“now”的提示可知，此处叙述现在的情况，应用一般现在时；且句子的主语是“Pandas home”，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。9regularly考查词性转换。根据词法知识可知，此处用regular的副词形式修饰动词“jets”。故填regularly。10flight考查词性转换。空格前的“fivehour”相当于形容词作定语。由此可知，此处需用名词，表示五小时的航程。故填flight。语法填空(2016长沙四校模拟二)A recent study shows that most adults did
20、 household chores _1_(active) when they were young. Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before, _2_ same study shows.An expert said, “Parents today want their kids to spend more time _3_ things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped _4_(do) the one thing that has p
21、roven to bring success. That is doing household chores.”Another study finds that compared with the kids _5_ didnt do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely _6_(succeed). They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed better at work and
22、 were more independent.Personal happiness _7_(say) to come from strong relationships. It begins by learning to be kind and _8_(help) to their parents at home.If your kids say they have to skip chores because its time they _9_(deal) with their homework, youd better not let them off the hook. If you d
23、o, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others. “What may seem like small _10_(message) at the moment add up to big ones over time，” says an expert.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文是说明文。一项研究表明，现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大部分孩子不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。1actively分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语
24、动词，故要用副词形式actively。2the此处的“study”就是上文提到的“study”，故用定冠词the 表示特指。3on根据固定搭配spend sth. on sth.可知，此处填介词on。4doing根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来去做某事”，故用stop doing sth.。5who/that分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who/that。6to succeed此处是be likely to do sth.句型，故用不定式。7is said本句含有“be said动词不定式”结构，且这里说的是
25、现在的一般情况，主语为Personal happiness，因此填is said。8helpful本空应填形容词helpful与kind并列作表语。9dealt/should dealIts time (that) . 句型中， that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用一般过去式或“shoulddo”，其中should不可以省略。10messagesmessage是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017云南高中统一检测)Starbucks, an internationa
26、l coffee chain，is to offer its customers a discount if _1_ bring their own cups to have drinks at the cafe. This will start from April in the UK as a twomonth trial and could go on if it is a _2_ (succeed). Customers who bring their own cups will get a discount on almost all drinks. Starbucks states
27、 on its website，“Our plan focuses on three main areas: reducing the waste of paper cups, increasing recycling rates _3_ promoting the use of reusable cups.”This _4_ (decide) comes as a major victory for the campaign _5_ (reduce) the waste of paper cups. It was revealed(透露) earlier that 7 million pap
28、er cups are used in Britain every day, _6_ means 2.5 billion cups are thrown into dustbins each year. The coffee shops make false claims of the number of paper cups they actually recycle. That makes customers _7_ (wrong) believe that a coffee shop is environmentally friendly. But according to a recy
29、cling service in the UK, only 1 in 400 cups actually gets _8_ (recycle)One _9_ the coffee drinkers said, “I am disappointed that cafes recycle so little. I _10_ (think) they were more responsible. Now I will bring my own cup.”【解题导语】 国际咖啡连锁店Starbucks为顾客提供了这样一种服务：如果顾客自带咖啡杯，咖啡店将提供打折的咖啡。此举在于减少使用纸杯带来的浪费，
30、从而保护环境。1they考查代词。根据该句中的“customers”和“their”可知，空处指代customers，且在从句中作主语，故用代词they。2success考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可以判断，空处应用名词形式。3and考查连词。分析该句结构可知，句中的“reducing the waste of paper cups”“increasing recycling rates”和“promoting the use of reusable cups”是并列关系，故用and连接。4decision考查名词。根据空前的代词This可知，空处用名词形式。5to reduce考查动词不定
31、式。根据语境可知，减少纸杯浪费是活动的目的，故用动词不定式。6which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面的整个句子，在从句中作主语，故用which引导。7wrongly考查副词。空处修饰动词believe，故用副词形式。8recycled考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，cups和recycle之间是动宾关系。9of考查介词。根据该句中的“One”和可数名词复数“drinkers”可知，此处为“one of可数名词复数”结构。10thought考查动词的时态。根据空后的were和“Now I.”可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。语法填空(201
32、6陕西省教学质检二)I drove to a local supermarket the other day. My shopping list was long and my wallet was light. Still, I needed to get a weeks food for my family. I parked my car, looked down at my list, and hoped I _1_ pay for it all.As I walked into the door, I saw a man with kind _2_ (eye) and a gentl
33、e smile. He said he was _3_ (collect) for a local food bank that helped to feed the hungry in my area. He handed me a second shopping list of things they could use and asked me to help if I could. I smiled back, took the list and walked into the store. I really wanted to help, _4_ wasnt sure if I co
34、uld this time.I walked through the store, picking up vegetables, soup, spaghetti, bread, milk, cereal, macaroni, bananas, and a dozen other things. I slowly marked each item (项) off my list until I was done. When I looked down at my full cart (购物车) I wondered again _5_ I even had enough to pay for i
35、t all. Then, as I put my own list back into my pocket, I saw the foodbank list under it. I smiled and _6_ (decide) to trust my heart.With the food bank in mind, I went over and picked up two of the biggest boxes of rice the store had and put _7_ (they) in my cart. It took another six dollars out of
36、my wallet to pay for them, but my heart felt six times _8_ (large) when I did. And when everything was added up, I had just enough to pay for it all.It takes so little to make our world a better place. A few dollars can help to fill a _9_ (child) hungry stomach. _10_ (kind) can change anothers day a
37、nd life. It is up to us, though. We can save a few dollars on rice, or we can share love that will last forever.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文是记叙文。一天，作者开车去当地的一家超市购物的过程中做了一件好事。1could句意：我停好车，低头看了看我的清单，希望自己可以付得起。根据句意，此处表示“能够，可以”，且此处讲述过去的事情，故用情态动词can的过去式could。2eyes句意：当我进门时，我看到一个眼神友善又面带温和笑
38、容的人。一个人有两只眼睛，且空前无冠词或所有格，故用eye的复数形式。3collecting句意：他说他在为一个当地的食物赈济处募集(食物)。根据空前的“was”和collect与主语he之间是主动关系可知，此处应用过去进行时，故填collecting。4but句意：我真的想帮忙，但是不确定这次是否能做到。前后分句之间是转折关系，故填but“但是”。5if/whether句意：当我低头看着满满的购物车时，我又一次想知道我是否有足够的钱来支付。wondered后是一个宾语从句，从句成分完整，此处表示“是否”，故填if/whether。6decided句意：我笑了笑并决定相信自己的心。and连接两
39、个并列的谓语，故应填decided与smiled并列。7themput后的宾语指的是two of the biggest boxes of rice，故用they的宾格形式them。8larger句意：但是我这样做时，我感觉我的心是原来的六倍大。虽然句中没有than，但是根据语境可知，此处有比较的意味，倍数表达法中，三倍及以上用“基数词times比较级(than)”表示，故用larger。9childs句意：几美元就能帮助填满一个孩子饥饿的胃。空后是名词stomach，所给提示词是child，空前是不定冠词a，故此处应该用child的所有格形式。10Kindness句意：善行能够改变另一个人的
40、一天和生活。空处作句子的主语，因此要用kind的名词形式kindness“善行”。注意首字母大写。（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017湖南省六校联盟联考)Have you ever noticed that you feel happier and more relaxed after you eat bread, pasta or fruit? Do you find that you are more energetic and awake after eating yogurt or beans? The
41、se things are not accidents. Food affects _1_ we feel more than we think. Scientists researching _2_ (it) effect on our moods are beginning to understand that we can influence our feelings with what we eat.Although our moods relate _3_ having various food, it is not quite as simple as choosing the f
42、ood for the right occasions. If that _4_ (be) the case, athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race.Another chemical _5_ (connect) with our moods is caffeine, which _6_ (find) in coffee, chocolate and many types of tea, and it is perhaps _7_ worst thing you and have when you are feel
43、ing stressed.Of course, _8_ (enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness.Most _9_ (important), though, remember the following old rule: try to eat different food, _10_ not too much.【解题导语】我们所吃的
44、食物会对我们的情绪有影响。因此，我们要尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。【段意梳理】第一段：研究发现，我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。第二段：为不同的场合选择合适的食物不是一件简单的事。第三段：在有压力时吃含有咖啡因的食品是最糟糕的选择。第四段：和家人及朋友共进美食，无论吃什么，都让我们高兴。第五段：最重要的是尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。1how考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，由“we feel more than we think”可知，从句不缺成分；结合语境可以判断，应用疑问副词how引导该从句。2its考查代词。由名词effect可知，应用形容词性物主代词it
45、s。3to考查动词短语。relate to为固定搭配，意为“和有关系”。4were考查虚拟语气。根据该句中的“athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race”可知，该句为虚拟语气，表示对目前情况的虚拟，故从句谓语动词用过去式were。5connected考查过去分词。chemical和connect为动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。6is found考查动词时态和语态。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为caffeine，和find之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。7the
46、考查定冠词。根据空后的形容词最高级worst可知，空处应用the。8enjoying考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，此处为动名词短语在句中作主语。9importantly考查副词。空处修饰全句，故用副词形式。10but/yet考查连词。根据语境可知，尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。语法填空(2016合肥市第一次质检)Sammy Armstrong was driving to his office when he _1_ (notice) a car was stuck on railroad tracks. Then he heard a train whistle. Sammy threw down his sunglasses and keys and ran toward the car. _2_ elderly man, Jean Papich, eightyfour, sat in the drivers seat, _3_ (turn) the key and hitting the gas. His wife, Marion, seventyeight, was looking _4_ (nervous) at him. Then Sammy walked _5_ the car and pus
