1、毕业论文在欧亨利小说麦琪的礼物中写作风格的分析ANALYSISOFOHENRYSWRITINGSTYLEONTHEGIFTOFTHEMAGI学院专业英语学生姓名学号指导教师职称合作导师职称完成时间成绩ANALYSISOFOHENRYSWRITINGSTYLEONTHEGIFTOFTHEMAGI1目录ABSTRACT2摘要31INTRODUCTION42DESCRIPTIVEINDICATION53THEINTRODUCTIONANDREFLECTIONOFTWISTENDING531THEINTRODUCTIONOFTWISTENDING532THEDEEPREFLECTIONOFTWISTE
2、NDING6321THEPURELOVEBETWEENMAINCHARACTERS6322THEHUMANDEFECTSOFTHESOCIETY6323THEPURPOSEOFMORALTEACHINGTHROUGHTHECONTRAST74CONVERSATIONALVERSIONOFNARRATION75BIBLICALREFERENCESADDINGTOTHEMORALLESSON86CONCLUSION8WORKSCITED9ANALYSISOFOHENRYSWRITINGSTYLEONTHEGIFTOFTHEMAGI2ABSTRACTTHISESSAYMAINLYANALYSESTH
3、EWRITINGSTYLEINOHENRYSSHORTSTORYTHEGIFTOFTHEMAGIOHENRYUSESDESCRIPTIVEINDICATION,TWISTENDING,CONVERSATIONALVERSIONOFNARRATIONANDBIBLICALREFERENCESTOREVEALTHETHEMEOFHUMANITYANDACHIEVETHEMORALTEACHINGPARTONETHEINTRODUCTIONTELLUSAUTHORSPOSITIONANDSTORYBACKGROUNDAFTERINFORMEDOFTHISINFORMATION,WECANGETBET
4、TERUNDERSTANDINGOFHISWORKANDTHINKITMOREPLAUSIBLYTHENEXTFOURPARTSINTROUDUCETHEFOURASPECTSOFOHENRYSWRITINGSTYLEONEBYONE,MAINLYFOCUSINGONTWISTENDINGBENEFITINGFROMDETAILEDKOWNINGOFHISWRITINGSTYLE,WECANCONCLUDETHEHUMANITYBOTHVIRTUESANDDEFECTSFINALLY，ITSEASYFORUSTOGAINTHEMORALTEACHINGANDUNDERSTANDOHENRYSW
5、RITINGINTENTIONPARTSIXDRAWSACONCLUSIONABOUTTHEWHOLEESSAYTHEESSAYONANALYSISOFOHENRYSWORKWILLAROUSEMYINTERESTOFLITERARYLEARNINGFURTHERMORE,ITMAKESUSPAYMOREATTENTIONTOOHENRYSWORKSKEYWORDSDESCRIPTIVEINDICATIONTWISTENDINGCONVERSATIONALNARRATIONBIBLICALREFERENCESANALYSISOFOHENRYSWRITINGSTYLEONTHEGIFTOFTHE
6、MAGI3在欧亨利小说麦琪的礼物中写作风格的分析摘要本文主要分析欧亨利短篇小说麦琪的礼物中的写作风格。作者采用暗示的描写手法、出其不意的结尾、对话性的叙述以及圣经故事的引用来揭示人性这一主题，实现道德说教。第一部分介绍了作者的地位及故事背景。在了解作者的这些信息后，我们能更好地了解他的作品及对此理性思考。接下来四部分分别介绍欧亨利写作风格的四个方面，重点分析出其不意的结尾。在细节性了解他的写作风格的基础上，可以从不同人物身上得出人性的善恶面这一结论。最后，我们可以轻松地获取道德启示及理解欧亨利的写作意图。第六部分，对全文作一总结。本文对欧亨利作品的分析，将有利于提高本人对文学作品学习的兴趣；并
7、且，可以让我们更多地关注欧亨利的作品。关键词暗示描述、艺术结尾、对话叙述、圣经引用ANALYSISOFOHENRYSWRITINGSTYLEONTHEGIFTOFTHEMAGI4ANALYSISOFOHENRYSWRITINGSTYLEONTHEGIFTOFTHEMAGI1INTRODUCTIONOHENRY,NAMEDWILLIAMSYDNEYPORTER,ISADISTINGUISHEDAMERICANSTORYWRITER,ONEOFTHETHREEMOSTFAMOUSSHORTSTORYWRITERSINTHEWORLD,ENJOYSEQUALSTATUSWITHCHEKHOVANDM
8、AUPASSANTHECREATESANORIGINAL,TYPICALLYAMERICANDEMOCRATICFORMOFSHORTSTORIESWITHAVALUABLECRITICALAWARENESSOFLIFEANDSOCIETY,THROUGHWHICHEXPRESSEDHISHUMURTHEREFORE,SOMECRITICSCALLHIM“THEFOUNDEROFAMERICANSTORIES”THISSTORYOCCURSINTHEEARLYYEARSOFTHE20THCENTURYATTHATPERIODOFTIMEINAMERICA,BOURGEOISIEBRIBEDTH
9、EGOVERNMENTANDCORRUPTEDTHEFUNCTIONEDDEPARTMENTINGOVERNMENTTHEGAPBETWEENTHERICHANDTHEPOORWASDEEPERTHENUMBEROFLOWERCLASSPOORPEOPLEROCKETEDTHEWHOLESOCIETYWASUNDERAPROFOUNDCHANGETHEDEVELOPMENTOFCONSUMPTIONCULTUREANDSUBSEQUENTPROBLEMSOFMORALITYCONSISTEDOFMANYCONTRADICTIONSINPEOPLESSOCIALBEHAVIORSSUCHCHAR
10、ACTERSASSACRIFICE,DILIGENCEANDMODELARESTRESSEDINTHEENDOF19THCENTURY,WHILEPERSONALITIESLIKEPURCHASE,VANITYANDPERSONALSUCCESSWERESTRESSEDINTHEBEGINNINGOF20THCENTURYMANYOFOHENRYSSTORIESTAKEPLACEINNEWYORK,THECAPITALWHERETHECONTRADICTIONSHARPLYEXISTSOHENRYHASANOBVIOUSAFFECTIONFORTHECITYHISSTORIESDEALFORT
11、HEMOSTPARTWITHORDINARYPEOPLECLERKS,POLICEMEN,ANDWAITRESSESINTHEGIFTOFTHEMAGI,BOTHJIMANDDELLASGIFTSARECOMPLETELYBEYONDTHEIRPURCHASINGPOWERTHATWOULDREFLECTPEOPLESATTITUDETOWARDECONOMYBECAUSEOFTHETIDEOFMATERIALISM,PEOPLEPAYMUCHATTENTIONONCONSUMPTION,EVENTAKEITASAN“ADVENTURE”THECOMMODITYSTATUSRELATIONSH
12、IPDOMINATESPEOPLESMINDTHOUGHDELLAANDJIMSBUYINGGIFTSAREGREATLYINFLUENCEDBYTHECONSUMPTIONCULTURESHIFT,THEENDINGSHOWSOUTTHETRUELOVETHROUGHTHEIRTOUGHCOURSEOFPURCHASINGTHEPLOTSINOHENRYSWORKSAPPEARTOBENOTHINGSPECIALATFIRSTGLANCENEVERTHELESS,READTHOSETOTHEENDINGANDYOUWILLFINDSOMETHINGUNUSUALOUTOFWHATSEEMST
13、OBETOOORDINARYIWOULDLIKETOSAY,HISWORKSAREFULLOFDEPTHINPORTRAYINGANUNFATHOMABLEHUMANITYOFCHARACTERHISWORKSARETHEBESTREVEALMENTOFHUMANITYASWELLASTHEREFLECTIONOFSOCIETYFROMTHETWISTENDINGFURTHERMORE,THEUSINGOFDESCRIPTIVEINDICATION,CONVERSATIONALNARRATIONANDBIBLICALREFERENCESMAKETHESHORTSTORYMOREIMPRESSI
14、VEANALYSISOFOHENRYSWRITINGSTYLEONTHEGIFTOFTHEMAGI52DESCRIPTIVEINDICATIONHENRYUSESDESCRIPTIVEINDICTIONTOHINTATWHATTHETWISTENDINGTOHISSTORYWILLBE“NOW,THEREWERETWOPOSSESSIONSOFTHEJAMESDILLINGHAMYOUNGSINWHICHTHEYBOTHTOOKAMIGHTYPRIDEONEWASJIMSGOLDWATCHTHEOTHERWASDELLASHAIR“HENRY2THISEMPHASISCONVEYSTOTHER
15、EADERTHEIMPORTANCEOFTHESETWOASSETS,ANDENSURESTHATTHEYWILLBEAFOCALPOINTINTHESTORYLATERONAFTERSELLINGHERHAIROUTOFDESPERATION,DELLAGOESTOBUYJIMACHAINFORHISWATCH“ASSOONASSHESAWITSHEKNEWTHATITMUSTBEJIMSGRANDASTHEWATCHWAS,HESOMETIMESLOOKEDATITONTHESLYONACCOUNTOFTHEOLDLEATHERSTRAPTHATHEUSEDINPLACEOFACHAIN“
16、HENRY3ALTHOUGHTHEWATCHISAFAMILYHEIRLOOM,THEFACTTHATJIMISNOTENTIRELYPROUDOFITBECAUSEOFTHESTRAPPUTSINTOQUESTIONHOWMUCHHEVALUESTHEWATCHLASTLY,HENRYCONCLUDESTHEFORESHADOWINGWITHJIMSREACTIONTODELLASHAIR“JIMSTOPPEDINSIDETHEDOOR,ASIMMOVABLEASASETTERATTHESCENTOFQUAILHESIMPLYSTAREDATHERFIXEDLYWITHTHATPECULIA
17、REXPRESSIONONHISFACE“HENRY4,5BECAUSETHESEELEMENTSTOTHESTORYAREINTRODUCEDWITHIMPECCABLETIMING,OHENRYSINDICATIONLEADSTOAFANTASTICENDING3THEINTRODUCTIONANDREFLECTIONOFTWISTENDING31THEINTRODUCTIONOFTWISTENDINGTHEMOSTREMARKABLECHARACTERISTICOFOHENRYSSHORTSTORIESISTWISTENDINGITMEANSTHATATTHEENDOFANARTICLE
18、THEMENTALSTATUSORTHEFATEOFTHEMAINCHARACTERHASCHANGEDGREATLY,BUTTHISCHANGEISBASEDONCERTAINREASONSHAVEMENTIONEDINTHEPREVIOUSARTICLEHEOFTENSTRESSESONSOMETHINGIMPORTANTBUTNOTTHEMOSTIMPORTANTINHISWORKSTHEMOSTIMPORTANTPARTALWAYSSEEMSTOWRITEINCIDENTALLY,WHICHEVENTHEMOSTCIRCUMSPECTIVEREADERMAYIGNOREITHOWEVE
19、R,THEWHOLEPASSAGEISSUDDENLYENDOWEDWITHAGREATCHARMBECAUSEOFTHESUDDENCHANGEANDCAUSEDAPROFOUNDCONSIDERATIONOFTHESITUATIONORPROBLEMTHEARTICLEHASREVEALEDWHENTHESTORIESENDINATOTALLYUNEXPECTEDBUTREASONABLEWAY,WECANDONOTHINGBUTCHEERFOROHENRYSLITERARYTALENTANALYSISOFOHENRYSWRITINGSTYLEONTHEGIFTOFTHEMAGI632TH
20、EDEEPREFLECTIONOFTWISTENDING321THEPURELOVEBETWEENMAINCHARACTERSJIMANDHISWIFEDELLAAREYOUNGCOUPLEWHOAREVERYMUCHINLOVEWITHEACHOTHER,BUTCANBARELYAFFORDTHEIRONEROOMAPARTMENTDUETOTHEIRVERYBADECONOMICSITUATIONSOTHEYLIVEINAVERYBADCONDITION,THEYARESOPOORTHATTHEYCANNOTAFFORDTOTHEIRCHRISTMASGIFTSBUTFORCHRISTMA
21、S,DELLADECIDESTOBUYJIMAFOBFORHISPRIZEDPOCKETWATCHGIVENTOHIMBYHISFATHERSFATHERTORAISETHEFUNDS,SHEHASHERLONG,BEAUTIFULHAIRCUTOFFANDSOLDTOMAKEAWIGMEANWHILE,JIMDECIDESTOSELLHISWATCHTOBUYDELLAABEAUTIFULSETOFCOMBSMADEOUTOFTORTOISESHELLANDJEWELSFORHERLOVELY,KNEELENGTHBROWNHAIRTHOUGHTHEYAREONLYTHESMALLPOTAT
22、OESWHOLIVEINTHELOWERCLASSES,THEYNEVERLOSTTHEIRFERVENCYTOTHEIRLIVESANDLOVEEACHOTHERDEEPLYFINALLY,THEYFINDTHATTHESEPRESENTSARENOLONGERUSEFUL,BUTTHEYHAVEBEENTHEMOSTPRICELESSONEINTHEWORLD,LIKEASINCERELOVETOEACHOTHERTHEYLOVEEACHOTHERSODEEPLY,THATSENOUGHTHEYHAVEALREADYOWNEDTHEWHOLEWORLD322THEHUMANDEFECTSO
23、FTHESOCIETYMOSTOFOHENRYSSTORIESARESETINCONTEMPORARYPRESENT,THEEARLYYEARSOFTHE20THCENTURYATTHATPERIODOFTIMEINAMERICA,THEBOURGEOISIEWASGETTINGTHEUPPERHANDANDTHECAPITALISTECONOMYWASBOOMINGTOITSTOPBOURGEOISIEBRIBEDTHEGOVERNMENTANDCORRUPTEDTHEFUNCTIONEDDEPARTMENTINGOVERNMENTTHEGAPBETWEENTHERICHANDTHEPOOR
24、WASDEEPERTHENUMBEROFLOWERCLASSPOORPEOPLEROCKETEDTHEWHOLESOCIETYWASUNDERGOINGAPROFOUNDCHANGETHECHARACTERSOFTHESTORYAREMAINLYTHELOWERCLASSWHOSTRUGGLESTOMAKEALIVINGINSADNESS,IMPOVERISHED,CRUCIALANDUNJUSTSOCIETYWHETHERGOODORBAD,PROVIDEFORITSPEOPLE,SOMEPEOPLECORRUPTED,SOMESTILLSTOODATTHEVERYFIRSTPLACE,KE
25、EPINGPUREHEARTEDANDSELFSACRIFICEDINTHEGIFTOFTHEMAGI,WEREADERSARENOTONLYTOUCHEDBYTHESUPREMEOFVALUABLELOVE,BUTATTHESAMETIMEWEGETCLUESOFHOWDARKNESSTHESOCIETYIS,THERICHPEOPLEINTHESOCIETYARECOLDHEARTEDTHEYSHOWNOMERCYANDANALYSISOFOHENRYSWRITINGSTYLEONTHEGIFTOFTHEMAGI7SYMPATHYTOTHEPOOR323THEPURPOSEOFMORALT
26、EACHINGTHROUGHTHECONTRASTONTHEONEHAND,THEPOORCOUPLEJIMANDDELLASELLTHEONLYVALUABLETHINGSTHEYOWNONLYTOGIVEEACHOTHERSPECIALCHRISTMASGIFTSTOACERTAINEXTENT,THESEGIFTSAREUSELESSDELLACANNOTWEARHERCOMBSWITHOUTHERHAIR,ANDJIMCANNOTUSEHISWATCHCHAINWITHOUTHISWATCHHOWEVER,DELLAANDJIMGIVEEACHOTHERTHEBESTOFALLPOSS
27、IBLEGIFTS,ITISLOVEONTHEOTHERHAND,WECANALSOREALIZETHEDARKNESSOFTHESOCIETYTHEPOORLIVEINAQUITEBADSITUATIONTHERICHBENEFITTHEMSELVESATTHEEXPENSEOFOTHERSINORDERTOMAKEMONEYTHEYNEVERSHOWMERCYANDSYMPATHYTOTHEPOORTHEPOORGETPOORERANDPOORERTHERICHGETRICHERANDRICHERTHROUGHTHISOBVIOUSCONTRAST,OHENRYWANTSTOREVEALT
28、HETHEMEOFBOTHVIRTUESANDDEFECTSINORDERTOAWAKEPEOPLESCONSCIENCEANDTHEIRDEEPESTDESIREFORALLGOODTHINGS,SOTHATPEOPLECANMAKETHEIREFFORTSTOSAVETHEWHOLEWORLD4CONVERSATIONALVERSIONOFNARRATIONOHENRYSCONVERSATIONALVERSIONOFNARRATIONPROVIDESINSIGHTTOTHECHARACTERS,ANDHELPSTOCONVEYTHEMESSAGEOFTHESTORY“THEREWASCLE
29、ARLYNOTHINGTODOBUTFLOPDOWNONTHESHABBYLITTLECOUCHANDHOWLSODELLADIDITWHICHINSTIGATESTHEMORALREFLECTIONTHATLIFEISMADEUPOFSOBS,SNIFFLES,ANDSMILES,WITHSNIFFLESPREDOMINATING“HENRY1THISREFLECTIONONDELLANOTONLYDETAILSHERFEELINGS,BUTITALSOSETSUPTHEREADERFORMOREOFHENRYSGRACEFULNARRATIONSTYLE“WHENDELLAREACHEDH
30、OMEHERINTOXICATIONGAVEWAYALITTLETOPRUDENCEANDREASONWHICHISALWAYSATREMENDOUSTASK,DEARFRIENDSAMAMMOTHTASK“HENRY4AGAIN,DELLASTHOUGHTSAREDEPICTED,ANDITISASIFHENRYISSPEAKINGTOALARGEAUDIENCEOFCOMRADESBYREFERRINGTOTHEREADERSASFRIENDS“POORFELLOW,HEWASONLYTWENTYTWOANDTOBEBURDENEDWITHAFAMILYHENEEDEDANEWOVERCO
31、ATANDHEWASWITHOUTGLOVES“HENRY4HERE,JIMISDESCRIBEDWITHYETMORECOMMENTARYTHATISUSUALLYNOTSEENINNARRATIONOHENRYSPANACHEADDSASPECIALTOUCHTOTHESTORYWITHAPERSONALLOOKINSIDEOFTHECHARACTERSMINDS,ANDTHEREADERISEXPOSEDTOADISTINCTIVEAPPROACHTOWRITINGTHATSETSANAPPROPRIATELYGENIALNARRATIVEANALYSISOFOHENRYSWRITING
32、STYLEONTHEGIFTOFTHEMAGI85BIBLICALREFERENCESADDINGTOTHEMORALLESSONBIBLICALREFERENCESAREEMPLOYEDWITHTHEINTENTOFADDINGTOTHEMORALLESSON,ANDEMPHASIZINGWHATCHRISTMASISREALLYABOUT“HADTHEQUEENOFSHEBALIVEDINTHEFLATACROSSTHEAIRSHAFT,DELLAWOULDHAVELETHERHAIRHANGOUTTHEWINDOWSOMEDAYTODRYJUSTTODEPRECIATEHERMAJEST
33、YSJEWELSANDGIFTS“HENRY2DELLASHAIRISGLORIFIEDHERE,WHILEJIMSWATCHISINTHEFOLLOWINGSENTENCE“HADKINGSOLOMONBEENTHEJANITOR,WITHALLHISTREASURESPILEDUPINTHEBASEMENT,JIMWOULDHAVEPULLEDOUTHISWATCHEVERYTIMEHEPASSED,JUSTTOSEEHIMPLUCKATHISBEARDFROMENVY“HENRY2THESETWOQUOTESSUGGESTTOTHEREADERTHATWESHOULDVALUEWHATW
34、EHAVE,ANDVALUEEACHOTHERFOROUROWNPOSITIVEFEATURESINTHECONCLUDINGPARAGRAPH,OHENRYMAKESTHEREALMEANINGOFHISSTORYRINGTRUE“THEMAGI,ASYOUKNOW,WEREWISEMENWONDERFULLYWISEMENWHOBROUGHTGIFTSTOTHEBABEINTHEMANGEROALLWHOGIVEANDRECEIVEGIFTS,SUCHASTHEYAREWISESTEVERYWHERETHEYAREWISESTTHEYARETHEMAGI“HENRY7THISMENTION
35、OFTHEBIBLICALMAGIREMINDSTHEREADERWHYPEOPLECELEBRATECHRISTMAS,ANDPRESENTSTHELESSONOFLOVEBEINGTHEMOSTIMPORTANTGIFTOFALLSUCHREFERENCESSERVETOEXPLAINHENRYSMOTIVATIONSFORWRITINGTHESTORY,ANDHOWSIGNIFICANTTHEMESSAGEOFTHETALETRULYIS6CONCLUSION“THEGIFTOFTHEMAGI“ISONEOFTHEMANYSTORIESWHEREOHENRYUSESTWISTENDING
36、DESCRIPTIVEINDICATION,CONVERSATIONALNARRATIONANDBIBLICALREFERENCES,BUTTHISISPOSSIBLYTHEMOSTMEANINGFULONEINAWORLDWHEREGIFTGIVINGHASBECOMESOCOMMERCIALIZED,PEOPLESHOULDALWAYSREMEMBERTHEREALREASONTHEYAREGIVINGTOONEANOTHERTHEMORALLESSONISTHATJIMANDDELLASSELFLESSLOVEFOREACHOTHERISMOREVALUABLETHANANYOFTHEI
37、RPOSSESSIONSWITHHENRYSUSEOFACONVERSATIONALVERSIONOFNARRATION,DESCRIPTIVEINDICATION,ANDBIBLICALREFERENCES,THESTORYSUCCEEDSINGETTINGACROSSHISMESSAGEINAMARVELOUSWAYANALYSISOFOHENRYSWRITINGSTYLEONTHEGIFTOFTHEMAGI9WORKSCITEDHENRYO,SELECTEDSTORIESTIANJINGPEOPLESPUBLISHINGHOUSE,2002戴欣译注欧亨利作品选天津天津人民出版社，2002
38、CONN,PETERLITERATUREINAMERICACAMBRIDGECAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS,1989伊彼得美国文学剑桥剑桥大学出版社,1989PRESCOTT,SPETERAMERICANSHORTSTORIESNEWYORKMACMILLANPUBLISHINGCOMPANY,1988斯彼得普里斯科特美国短篇小说纽约麦克米兰出版公司，1988RUBINSTEIN,ANNETTETAMERICANLITERATUREBEIJINGFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESS,1988鲁宾斯坦安妮特美国文学北京外语教学与研究出版社，1988王永年欧亨利短篇小说选北京人民文学出版社，2003李学伦欧亨利短篇小说青海青海出版社,2004赵莉,黄春妮欧亨利作品导读武汉武汉大学出版社,2003朱文,朱碧恒欧亨利作品赏析北京中国和平出版社,1996
