1、2011考研英语（一）真题试卷Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But _1_some claims to the contra
2、ry, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does _2_short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, _3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _4_, a good laugh is unlikely to have _5_ benefits the way, say, walk
3、ing or jogging does._6_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _7_, studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter_8_ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might concei
4、vably help _9_the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _10_ feedback, that improve an individuals emotional state. _11_one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted _12_ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of
5、the 19th century that humans do not cry _13_they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _14_ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15_ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wrzbu
6、rg in Germany asked volunteers to _16_ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips, which would produce a(n) _17_ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, _19_ that e
7、xpressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around _20_ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1. A among B except Cdespite D like 2. A reflect Bdemend Cindicate Dproduce 3. A stabilizing B boostingC impairing D determining 4. A transmit Bsustain C evaluate D observe
8、5. A measurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 6. A In turn B In fact C In addition D In brief 7. A opposite Bimpossible Caverage D expected 8. A hardens B weakens C tightens Drelaxes 9. A aggravate B generate C morderate D enhance 10. A physical B mental C subconsciousDintermal11. A Except for
9、B According toC Due to D As for 12. A with B on C in Dat 13. A unless B until C if D because 14. A exhausts B follows C precedes D supresses 15. A into Bform C towards D beyond 16. A fecth B form C pick D hold 17. A disappointed B excited C joyful D indifferent 18. A adapted B catered C turned D rea
10、cted 19. A suggestingB requiring C mentioning D supposing 20. A Eventually B Consequently C SimilatlyD ConverselySection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Reading the following fours texts. Answer the question below each text by Choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Te
11、xt 1The decision of the New York philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least “Hooray! A t last!” wrote A
12、nthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music criticOne of the reason why the appiontment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilber is commparatively little known Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the for
13、midable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that semms likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint prwise For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great c
14、onductor or even a good one. To be sure, be performs an impressive variety of interesting composition, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer amd download stil
15、l more recorded music form iTumesDevoted concertgoers who reply that recording are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes , theeater compa
16、nies, and museums, but also with the recorsed performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recording are cheap, available everwhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays choosing. The widespread availabilyty of such recording has thus brought about a
17、 ctisis in the institution of the traditional classical councert One possible reponse is for classical performers to program attravtive new music that is not yet available on recors. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross , a classical-music critic, has described him as
18、a man who is capable of turning the Phiharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely, expanding the orchestras repertorre will not be enough. If Gilbert and thr Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationsh
19、ip between Americaa olderest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para 1 that Gilberts appointment has_Aincured criticismBraised suspicionCraceived acclaimDaround curiousity22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is _AinfluentialBmodestCrespectableDtalented23. The
20、 author believes that the devoted concertgoers _Aignore the expense of live performance Breject most kinds of recorded performanceCexaggerate the variety of live performancDoverestimate the variety of live performance24.According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings? AThey are o
21、ften interror to live concerts in quality BThey are easily accessible to the genral publicCThey help improve the quality of musicDThey have only convered masterpieces25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalixing the Philharmonic, the authir feels_AdoubtfulBenthusisasticCconfidentDpuzzledText 2When Liam
22、 McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his expanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving to presue my goal of running a company, broadcasting his ambition was very much my decision, McGe
23、e says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.MaGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to refect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear mess
24、age to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the NO.2 executives Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response business environment also has senior managers cautiou
25、s of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEo turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according
26、to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must
27、be poached. Says Krn Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey, I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, sayin
28、g she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commoditied exchange. Robert Willumstad left CItigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institurion three years later. Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fad
29、ing for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad on. The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, bu thats been fundamentally inverted, says one headhunter. The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long2
30、6. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being_A. Arrogant B. frank C. self-centered D. impulsive 27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred by _A. their expectation of better financial status B. their need to reflect on their private li
31、fe C. their strained relations with the boardsD. their pursuit of new career goals28. The word poached (Line3, Paragraph 4) most probably means_A. approved of B. attended to C.hunted for D.guarded against29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _A. top performers used to cling to their po
32、stsB. loyalty of top performers is getting out-datedC. top performers care more about reputationsD. its safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. CEOs: where to GO?B. CEOs: All the Way Up?C. Top managers Jump without a NetD. The Only way ou
33、t for Top Performers Text 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional paid media-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers p
34、assionate about a product may create owned media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Webe site. The way consumenrs now approatch the board range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paind and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their
35、own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiators for users responses. But in some cases, one marketers owned media become another marketers paid media-for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We difine such sold media as owned media whose traffic
36、is so strong tha other organization palce their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. Thies trend, which we believe is still in its infance, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further John& JOhnson, for example, has
37、 created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marke
38、ting, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned. The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and
39、much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign become hostage to consumers,other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media t
40、o apply pressure on the businesse that originally created them.If that happends, passinate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the lear
41、ning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly sites such as Twitter and the social-new
42、s sit Digg.31. Consumers may creat earned media when they are_A. obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sitesB. inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to themC. eager to help their friends promote quality productsD. enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products32. According to Pa
43、ragraph 2, sold media feature_A.a safe business environmentB. random competitionC. Strong user trafficD. flexibility in organization33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media _A. invite constant conflicts with passinate consumersB. can be used to produce negative effects in marketingC
44、. may be responsible for fiercer competitionD. deserve all the getative comments about them 34. Toyota Motors experience is cited as an example of _A. responding effectively to hijacked mediaB. persuading customers into boycotting productsC. cooperating with supportive consumers D. taking advantage
45、of hijacked media35. Which of the following is the text mainly about? A. Alternatives to conventional paid mediaB. Conflict between hijacked and earned mediaC. Dominance of hijacked mediaD. Popularity of owned mediaText 4Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful, provocative magazine cover st
46、ory, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter-nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests
47、 we need to redefine happiness, instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sour
