1、本文来自深圳华章MBA（）2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语（二）真题试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cas
2、hes society in which all payments are made electronically. _1_,a true society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such society have been _2_for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of soon “revolutioni
3、ze the very _3_of money itself,” only to reverse itself several years later. Why has the movements to a cashless society been so slow coming? Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work _6_the disappearance of the paper syste
4、m. First, it is very _7_to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the _8_ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantages that they _9_receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to _10_. Third , the use of paper check
5、s gives consumers several days of “float”-it takes several days _11_a check is cashed and funds are _12_from the issuers account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime._13_ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.
6、 Fourth, electronic means of payment may _14_ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information _15_ there. The fact that this is not an _16_occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able
7、 access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and _17_ steal funds by moving them from someone elses accounts into their own. The _18_of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science is developing to _19_security issues. A further electronic means of payments l
8、eaves an electronic _20_ that contains a large number of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1.【A】However .【B】moreover .【C】Therefore . 【D】Otherwise 2.【A】Around 【B】back .【C】over 【D】off3.【A】power
9、【B】concept . 【C】history 【D】role4.【A】reword .【B】resist .【C】resume 【D】reverse5.【A】silent 【B】sudden .【C】slow 【D】steady6.【A】 for 【B】 against. 【C】with 【D】on7.【A】 expensive 【B】 imaginative . 【C】sensitive 【D】 productive 8.【A】 dominant 【B】original . 【C】 temporary 【D】 similar 9.【A】 collect 【B】 provide . 【C】c
10、opy 【D】 print 10.【A】 give up 【B】 take over . 【C】bring back 【D】 pass down 11.【A】 when 【B】after . 【C】 since 【D】before12.【A】kept 【B】 borrowed . 【C】withdraw 【D】 released 13.【A】 unless 【B】 because . 【C】until 【D】though 14.【A】hide 【B】 express . 【C】 raise 【D】 ease15.【A】 analyzed 【B】shared . 【C】displayed 【D】
11、stored16.【A】 unsafe 【B】unnatural. 【C】 unclear 【D】uncommon17.【A】choose 【B】 steal . 【C】 benefit 【D】 return 18.【A】 consideration 【B】manipulation 【C】 prevention 【D】 justification 19. 【A】 call for 【B】 fight against 【C】 adapt to 【D】 cope with 20. 【A】 chunk 【B】 chip 【C】trail 【D】 path参考答案：1. -5 AABDC 6-10：B
12、AABA 11-15: DCBCD 16-20: DBCDCSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1 In an essay entitled “Making It in America” the author Adam Davison relat
13、es a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines. Davidsons article is one of a number of pieces t
14、hat have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information
15、 technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machine or foreign workers. In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average is just wont earn you what it used to. It c
16、ant when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genins. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their f
17、ield of employment. Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But theres been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “ In the 10 years ending in 2009, factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three m
18、anufacturing jobs about 6 millions in total disappeared.” There will always be change new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution , the beat jobs will require workers to have more and better education to
19、make themselves above average. In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttress employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school educati
20、on.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate . A. the impact of technological advances B. the alleviation of jobs pressure C. the shrinkages of textile mills D. the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a success employer, one has to . A. adopt an average lifesty
21、le B. work on cheap software C. contribute something unique D. ask for a moderate salary23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that . A. gains of technology have been erased B. job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed C. factories are making much less money than before D. new jobs and s
22、ervices have been offered.24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is . A. to accelerate the I.T. revolution B. to ensure more education for people C. to advance economic globalization D. to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the mos
23、t appropriate title for the text? A. Technology Goes Cheap BNew Law Takes Effect C. Recession Is Bad D. Average Is Over参考答案：ACBBDText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United Sta
24、tes came, those who had no intengtion to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affecti
25、onate nickname,” uccelli dipassaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens fit for deportation. That framework has contributed mightil
26、y to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and particle physicists are among todays birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy drive
27、n by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a plac
28、e where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the im
29、migration battle. Looking beyond the culture new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including som
30、e that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26.”Birds of passage”refers to those who_.Afind permanent jobs overseasBleave their home countries for foodCimmigrate across the AtlanticDstay in a foreign country temporarily27.It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration
31、 system in the US_.Aneeds new immigrant categoriesBhas loosened control over immigrantsCshould be adapted to meet challengesDhas been fixed via political means28.According to the author, todays birds of passage want_.Afinancial incentivesBa global recognitionCopportunities to get regular jobsDthe fr
32、eedom to stay and leave29.The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated_.Aas faithful partnersBwith legal toleranceCwith economic favorsDas mighty rivals30.The most appropriate title for this text would be_.ACome and Go:Big MistakeBLiving and Thriving:Great RiskCLegal or Ille
33、gal: Big MistakeDWith or Without:Great Risk参考答案：DCDBCText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses. Snap decisions can
34、be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to access other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is social, studies show, we need at least a minute, pref
35、erably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli arent excusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a millisecond
36、s primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else were doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long. Yet
37、 we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to customer products or housing options when we see a happy face ( one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to re
38、ject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases or hire outside screeners. John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman reall
39、y wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds. Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by passing is what differentiates us from animals: the dogs can thinks about future only intermittently o
40、r for a few minutes . but historically we have spent about 12 percent our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we changed our nature. We will have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making
41、decisions may . A. vary according to the urgency of the situation B. prove the complexity of our brain reaction C. depend on the importance of assessment D. predetermine the accuracy of out judgment 32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions . A. can be associative B. are not unc
42、onscious C. can be dangerous D. are not impulse33. To reverse the negative effects of snap decisions, we should . A. trust our first impression B. do as people usually do C. think before we act D. ask for expert advices34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on . A. critical ass
43、essment B. “thin sliced” study C. sensible explanation D. adequate information35. The authors attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is . A. tolerant B. uncertain C. optimistic D. doubtful 参考答案：DACDCText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will nev
44、er be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europes top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on European corporate boards. The European Union is now considering legislation to compel c
45、orporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60%. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of 40% female board memb
46、ership. The Forte foundation in America has now flowed suit with its own list of “board-ready women.” But Redings appeal in Europe was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up. Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?“Personally, I dont like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.” Quotas get act
