1、状语从句1. 时间状语从句(1) when引导的时间状语从句when引导的时间状语从句，其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词，也可以是瞬间性动作的动词，可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。when you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证件。（同时）when the students heard the teachers footsteps, they all adopted talking.当学生们听到老师的脚步声时，他们都停止了讲话。（从句动作发生在前）
2、 when还可表示just then（正在那时）的意思，此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。we were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要动身，突然天下起雨来。The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。 (2) as引导的时间状语从句as侧重表示主句和从句的动作并相发生,翻译成一边，一边。We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair. 她梳头时我们在吃早饭。 (3) w
3、hile引导的时间状语从句while或“在期间”，所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并表示和主句的动作同时发生。When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes. 当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。I can learn while I work. 我可以边工作边学习。 (4) before引导的时间状语从句 before“在之前”Ill be back before you have left. 你离开之前我就会回来。 befor
4、e“之后才”It may be many years before we meet again. 可能要过许多年我们才能再见了。It was three days before I came back. 他三天后才回来。 (5) as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引导的时间状语从句as soon as 是最常见的表示“一就”的从属连词，其他连词还有immediately，instantly，the instant (that)，the minute(that) ，the moment(that)等，它们通常都可与as soon as换用。As soon
5、as we got home, the telephone rang. 我们一到家，电话就响了。I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看见她就认出她来了。Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. 老师一进来，大家就静了下来。 (6) hardly.when/no sooner.than引导的时间状语从句关联从属连词hardly/barely/scarcely.when和no sooner.than的意思是“刚就”，它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。如：He had no soone
6、r (no sooner had he)arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚一到家，就又要他出另一次差。No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.这些话刚一出口，他就意识到自己应该保持沉默。(7) since引导的时间状语从句在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时、过去完成时和一般现在时： Weve ne
7、ver met since we graduated from the college. 大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走了以后，这里发生了巨大变化。 (8) till/until引导的时间状语从句 till和until同义，作“直到时(为止)”解，till多口语话，until多用于句首。如：Donald will remain in college until(till) he finishes his Ph.D course. 唐纳德将留在学校直到完成他的博士学位课程。I wont go with
8、 you until(till) I finished my homework. 等我做完作业我才和你一起去。2. 地点状语从句(1) where引导的地点状语从句，很简单，最基础的。从属连词where“在（或到）的地方”Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。Put it where you found it. 把它放在原来的地方。 where 在地点状语从句中，除指地点外，还可指处境等。就看句子翻译了。如：He said he was happy where he was. 他说他对自己的处境很满意。Its your fault that
9、 she is where she is. 她今天落到这个地步都怪你。(2) wherever引导的地点状语从句wherever=no matter where,后者只能放句首。从属连词wherever“在（或到）的各个地方”：You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days. 这些天你可以去你想去的地方。Where (no matter where) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed.专家每到一处， 都受到热烈的欢迎。Sit down wherever you like. 你喜欢坐哪儿就坐
10、哪儿wherever不可以换成no matter where 3. 原因状语从句(1) because引导的原因状语从句 通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强，该从句一般位于主句后面。I didnt go abrord with her because I couldnt afford it. 我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。Dont scamp your work because you are pressed for time. 不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。 (2) as引导的原因状语从句 as引导的原因状语从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和since换用。如：As I didnt kn
11、ow the way，I asked a policeman. 我不认识路，因而问警察。As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain. 由于在下雪，我们不去爬山了。 (3) since引导的原因状语从句since引导的原因状语从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和as换用。与as用法一样Since traveling by air is much faster,they decided to take a plane. 既然乘飞机旅行快得多，他们就决定坐飞机。Since you wont help me ，Ill ask someone else.
12、 你既然不帮我，那我就请别人帮忙。 (4) now(that)引导的原因状语从句now(that)“既然”， Now(that) you have passed your test you can drive on your own. 你既已考试合格，就可以独自开车了。(5) seeing (that)引导的原因状语从句Seeing (that)“鉴于；由于”，通常用于非正式文体。如：Seeing (that) the weather is bad，well stay at home. 天气不好，我们还是呆在家里吧。4. 目的状语从句(1) in order that引导的目的状语从句in o
13、rder that“为了；以便”。多用于正式文体，通常可以与so that换用。如：You stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake.他们在杭州停了下来，以便游览西湖。The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.专家讲得很慢，以便人人听得懂。(2) so (that)引导的目的状语从句so that“为了；以便”。so that通常可以与in order that换用，它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后，在非正式文体中
14、，常省略that。如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要讲得清楚，他们才听得懂。She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight.她要七点钟备好茶点，这样她八点以前就可以出门了。(3) in case/for fear (that)等引导的目的状语从句in case，for fear(that)这俩个从属连词都表示否定目的，意思是“以免”,“以防”。in case它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式，也可以是虚拟语气形式；for fear(that)引导的
15、从句中的谓语带有may，might，should等情态动词Take your umbrella in case it rains. 带上你的伞，以防下雨。 He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. 他带了一把伞，以防下雨。 1. 结果状语从句(1) so that引导的结果状语从句 so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后，so that”引导什么从句根据句意来判断Suddenly it began to rain heavily，so that it was almost impossible to carry
16、 on driving.突然下起了大雨，几乎无法继续开车。Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound.琳达到达后给我打了电话，因而我知道她平安无事。 (2) so.that引导的结果状语从句so.that“如此以致”，that可以省略，so后面接形容词或副词。如：She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying.她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。There is so little time left that I have
17、 to tell you about it latter.现在剩下的时间不多了，我只好以后再给你讲这件事。(3) such.that引导的结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的such.that的具体内容是：such+a/an+形容词+名词+that从句。such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that=so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed(The professor told us so funny a story that all the stude
18、nts laughed.) 教授讲了个很有趣的故事，(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。2. 条件状语从句(1) if引导的条件状语从句If引导条件状语从句。翻译成“如果”If I were a bird ,I would fly. 如果他说了那样的话，他不可能是说实话。(2) unless引导的条件状语从句unless引导的是否定条件状语从句，在意义上相当于if.not，而且语气较强，一般不用于虚拟语气。如：Youll be late unless you hurry. 你会迟到的，如果不赶快的话。 (3) if only引导的条件状语从句if only在引导条件状语从句时意为“只要；如果”。如
19、:Ill let you use the car if only you keep it in good condition. 只要你把车保养好，我就让你用。 (4) as/so long as引导的条件状语从句as/so long as意为“只要；如果”。如：As long as it doesnt rain, we can play. 只要不下雨我们就能玩。 (5) provided (that)/providing (that)引导的条件状语从句provided (that)/providing (that)意为“如果；只要”。如：I will agree to go providing
20、 (that my expense are paid.) 假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。3. 让步状语从句(1) although/though引导的让步状语从句although和though，都作“虽然；尽管”解，通常可以换用， Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不能让她信任自己。(2) even if引导的让步状语从句even if “即使，纵然”，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。如：Even if I failed again, I
21、 will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败，我也决不会放弃实验。 (3) even though引导的让步状语从句even though“虽然，尽管”，通常可以和although/though换用。如：Even though I didnt understand a word，I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂，我还是保持微笑。Even though you say so，I do not believe it. 即使你这样说，我也不信。 (5) while引导的让步状语从句swhile“虽然，尽管”，While I understand
22、 your point of view，I do not share it.我虽了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。 (6) whatever/no matter what引导的让步状语从句Whatever=no matter what都作“无论什么”解，Whatever/No matter what he says，dont go. 不管他说什么，你都不要走。We are determined to fulfill the task whatever happens.不管发生什么了，我们决心完成任务。(7) whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句Whichever=no
23、matter which都作“无论哪个”解 Whichever/No matter which you buy， there is a six-month guarantee.不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse Barbara was determined to find them. 不管这两个人是谁偷了她的钱包，芭芭拉决心找到他们。(8) whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句Whoever=no matter who都作“无论谁”解You cant come in，
24、whoever you are. 不管你是谁，都不能进来。 (10) however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句However=no matter how都作“无论如何”解However high it may be，it cant reach the sky. 它不论有多高，也高不到天上去。 (11) whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句Whenever=no matter when 都作“无论何时”解，Whenever Im unhappy，he cheers me up. 每当我不高兴时，他就给我鼓劲儿。 (13) as引导的让步状语从句as
25、在引导让步状语从句时作“虽然；尽管”和“即使”解，但是它不位于句首，在它前面的可以是形容词、名词、副词等。如：Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气，你却无法把它提起来。Late as it was, they continued to study. 时间尽管不早了，他们仍继续学习。4. 方式状语从句(1) as引导的方式状语从句as在引导方式状语从句时意为“以方式；如同那样”，从句有时是省略句。如：Do as I say. 要照我说的做。I did just as you told me. 我正是照你说的办的。Air is to
26、man as water is to fish. 空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。(2) as if/as though引导的方式状语从句as if和as though的用法相同，都作“好像，仿佛”解。如：二者引导的状语从句往往用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。They looked at me as if as though I were mad. 他们瞧着我好像我发疯了似的。They look as if/as though they know each other. 他们看来好像互相认识。5. 比较状语从句(1) as.as 引导的比较状语从句as.as表示同级比较，主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式，从句常常为省略句。如：We were as fortunate as them (they were) 我们和他们一样幸运。I hope she will make as much progress as you (have done). 我希望她将取得和你同样的进步。 (2) not so/as.as 引导的比较状语从句not so/as.as表示同级比较，主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式，从句常常为省略句。如：Thats not so/as simple as it sounds. 那件事情不像听起来那么简单。5
