1、The Violence of Nature,Module 3,Grammar 2,He says,“I leave my book in your room”He said that he left his book in your room.,直接引语： 直接引述别人的原话,间接引语： 用自己的话转述别人的话,直接引语一般前面要加引号，间接引语不用加引号,在学习直接引语和间接引语过程中，应注意三个问题,1） 选用正确引导词2） 语序（陈述句语序）3） 人称、时态、指示词等的变化,间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句,Indirect Speech,直接引语和间接引语可分为三大类：,1）陈述句,
2、2）祈使句,3） 疑问句（一般疑问句、 特殊疑问句）,一：陈述句,陈述句的直接引语变间接引语时，用连词that引导（that 在口语中常可省略）。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。,He said ,“I left my book in your room”He said that he had left his book in your room.,1)人称的变化,一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新,引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致,引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致,引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变,She said,“ I l
3、ike Tennis.”,She said that she liked tennis,He said to Lily,“ you must get up early”,He told Lily that she must get up early,She said to me , “ They want to help him”,She told me that they wanted help him.,一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新,2) 时态的变化,He says, I will do it tomorrow”He says that he will do it tomorrow.,如
4、果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化,如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要做出相应的改变,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去完成时,不变,一般将来时,过去将来时,直接引语变间接引语时，句中的情态动词也应做相应的改变,could,might,should/would,didnt have to,must,ought to,3) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化.,时间状语:,直接引语转为间接引语时，下列情况下时态不变,.直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时
5、，变间接引语时时态不变.当引语中的时间状语表示过去某一具体时间时，谓语动词时态不需改变如果直接引语要变为间接引语，转述是发生在当天当地，那么直接引语中的 come、here、tomorrow、this morning、today、yesterday 等不必改变,注意：,Rewrite the sentences using the reporting expressions.,1.Volcanic eruptions dont happen very often on the island. A scientist said that 2. No one was on the island d
6、uring the volcanic eruption. A local journalist said that3. The thunderstorm will put out the fires. Local people said that,didnt happen very often on the island .,been on the island during the volcanic eruption.,the thunderstorm will put out,the fires.,No one was/had,volcanic eruptions,4. The resid
7、ents can go back to their homes. The governor said that 5. Several eruptions have taken place in the last twenty years. A local radio station said that 6. The residents will travel back to the island when the danger is over. A local journalist said that,several eruptions had taken place in the last twenty years.,the residents would travel back to the island when the was over.,the residents could go,back to their homes.,
