1、冠词一、定冠词和不定冠词的用法详解 . 定冠词the，基本含义是“这个，那个”，表示特指。例: the flower 那朵花 the E-mail 那个电子邮件2. 不定冠词a和an，基本含义是“一、一个”，表示泛指。例：a flower 一朵花 an E-mail 一个电子邮件二、不定冠词1 表示“一，一个”，用在单数可数名词前例：There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有一幅图画。He has an apple in his hand. 他手里拿着一个苹果。提示：a和an的区别a用在辅音音素前，包括以前元音j、w开首的词前，注意，这里讲的辅音音素指的是发音，不是
2、指辅音字母。an用在元音音素前(不是元音字母)，例：a hotel 一家旅馆a knife 一把小刀a useful tool 一件有用的工具a university 一所大学 a European country一个欧洲国家a one-eyed man一个一目失明的人 an hour 一小时an ant 一只蚂蚁an honor 一种荣誉 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩an umbrella 一把伞an onion一个洋葱 an eye 一只眼睛an ear 一只耳朵 an English book 一本英语书 an egg 一只鸡蛋an apple 一个苹果 an island
3、 一座岛an uncle一位叔叔2 表示一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个，a或an不必翻译例 Even a child can answer this question. 就是小孩子也能回答这个问题。An elephant is stronger than a horse. 大象比马力气大。A teacher must be strict with his students. 教师必须对学生严格要求。3 第一次提到某人或某物第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词a或an，起介绍作用。例: A girl wants to see you. 一位姑娘要见你。On a cold evening a str
4、anger came to my house. 在一个寒冷的晚上，一个陌生人来到我的住处。4 表示身份、职业不定冠词用于单数名词前表示身份、职业，尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前。例：She is a high school teacher. Her name is Li Fang. 她是一位中学教师，名叫李芳。The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician. 怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。提示：表示职位，头衔，称呼的名词，在句中做主语补足语,宾语补足语，同位语时不加冠词。Zhang Fei, monitor of their class,
5、 is good at English. 张飞是他们的班长，英语很棒。5 用于专有名词前，表示不认识某人例：A Zhang called you just now. 一位姓张的刚才给你打电话。A Mr. Smith wanted to see you. 有位史密斯先生想要见你。6 不定冠词用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前，表示“每一”例：We have three meals a day. 我们每天吃三顿饭。They met each other once a month. 他们每月会面一次。The car moved 100 miles an hour. 这辆小汽车以每小时100
6、英里的速度行驶。The envelopes are one yuan a dozen. 信封一打是一元钱。Amily goes to see her grandmother twice a week. 爱米莉每周去看奶奶两次。7. 使抽象名词具体化The little girl is a help to her mother. (a help 意为“助手”)8. 有些物质名词，如：rain, snow, fog ,wind, tea, coffee等，其前有形容词修饰时，形容词前加不定冠词。如：What a heavy rain! Longjing is a wonderful tea.9.有
7、些不可数名词如：knowledge,understanding等是由其动词转化而来的，后面加of时，前面常用不定冠词。如：A knowledge of first aid can make a real difference in an emergency.10. a/an +序数词，不表示排序“第几”，而是表示“再一/又一”Can you give me a second chance,please?11.表示“同样的”They are of an age. 他们是同岁。12. 与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用，表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”如：asurprise一件令人惊讶的事;asuc
8、cess一个(件)成功的人/(事); agreentea一种绿茶;aheavyrain一场(阵)大雨13. 用在某些固定词组中。haveaswim/walk/talk/dance/look have a good timehaveacold, keepadiary,inahurry,onceinawhile等三定冠词的用法 (1)特指上文提到过的人或事物。如：Ihaveboughtabook.Thebookisveryuseful.(2)用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Closethewindow,please.(3)用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：thesun,themoon
9、,theearth,theworld等。(4)用于表示方位的名词之前。如：intheeast,ontheright(5)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：thefirst,thetallest(6)用于形容词之前，使其名词化，表示一类人。如：thesick,thewounded(7)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：theUnitedStates,theUnitedNation(8)用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：theChangjiangRiver,theEastLake(9)用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：TheSmiths(10)用于作为课程
10、或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前如：playthepiano;playtheviolin(11)用于表示计量单位的名词前。如：bytheday(month)按日(月)，bytheyard(foot)按码(英尺)(12)用于年代、朝代、时代名词前。如：inthe1970s,theTangDynasty。(13)用于某些固定词组中。inthemorning(afternoon,evening)，ontheotherhand,atthesametime。四零冠词的情况：(1)不含普通名词的专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。如：China,America,Smith。(2)可数名
11、词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。如：Ilikethispicture;Einsteinstheory (3)非特指的季节、月份、星期三餐以及含day的节日前一般不加冠词。March,MayDay,NationalDay,ChildrensDay,WomensDay，havesupper(4)呼语前不用冠词。如：WhatshallIdonext,Mother?(5)表示独一无二的头衔职务、职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，一般不加冠词。如：Weelectedhimpresidentofouruniversity.Theyareworkers.(6)学科名称、球类、棋类名称
12、前不加冠词。如：Doyoustudyphysics?Helikesplayingfootball/chess.(7)表示泛指或者一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前Knowledgebeginswithpractice.Teachersshouldberespected.(8)在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。如：bycar,bybus,bybike,bytrain,byair/water/land(9)连系动词turn后的表语单数可数名词前不用冠词。如：Theyoungworkerhasturnedwriter。(10)no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后
13、面的名词前不用冠词。如：Nosuchthinghaseverhappenedinthisvillage。(11)as,though引导的倒装的让步状语从句中的表语(单数可数名词名词)置于句首时不用冠词。如：childasheis,heknowsalot。(12)某些固定词组中不用冠词。husbandandwife, brotherandsister, bodyandsoul, dayandnight, knifeandfork, youngandold, arminarm, handinhand, sidebyside, gotoschool, leaveschool, inprison, a
14、twork, onfoot, fromdoortodoor,frommorningtillnight, yearafteryear, stepbystep(13)用于某些独立结构中Theteachercamein,bookinhand.老师走了进来，手里拿了本书。四、注意事项1. 在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。gotoschool去上学 inhospital住院(因病)gototheschool去学校 inthehospital在医院(工作、参观等)infrontof在前面，指某物体之外inthefrontof在前部，指某物之内2.冠词的活用情况(1)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定
15、冠词the;但如果名词前有修饰语，来表示“怎样的”时也可用不定冠词。如：theworld,apeacefulworld; themoon,abrightmoon。(2)表示一日三餐的名词前一般不用冠词，但前面如果有定于修饰，也可用不定冠词。如：Ihadawonderfulsupperyesterday。(3)表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词，但如果该名词作为普通名词，也可用不定冠词。如：Thisisapianoanditisthekingofmusicalinstruments。(4)形容词最高级前、序数词前也可用不定冠词。形容词最高级前加不定冠词表示“十分、非常”之意，相当于very。如：Iti
16、samostusefulbook。 Id like a third apple.(5)表示语言的前一般不用冠词，但后面如果出现language一词，前面需加定冠词the。如：English=theEnglishlanguage(6)牢记高考中常见的纯不可数名词。它们是information,fun,weather,progress,advice，news，word(=news)，furniture，equipment等，均不可与不定冠词连用。3.冠词的位置问题(1)不定冠词+副词+形容词+名词。如：Thisisaveryinterestingstory。(2)such、what、both、al
17、l、quite、rather+不定冠词+形容词+名词。Iveneverseensuchafilm! Whatagoodideaitis!(3)as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。Icantfinishthetaskinsoshortatime。Heisbraveenoughahuntertokillthebear。(4)half、twice、threetimes、all、both、double+the+名词。如：Hepaidtwicethepriceforit。Theirhouseisthreetimesthesizeofyours。一、定冠词的用
18、法口诀特指双熟悉，上文已提及;世上独无二，序数最高级;某些专有名，习语及乐器。二、不用冠词用法口诀下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前;专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭;复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前;颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。1Thereis_oldbike_oldbikeisMrZhaosAan；TheBthe；AnCa；TheDthe；The2_appleadaykeepsthedoctorsawayATheBACAnDTwo3AtthattimeTomwas_one-year-oldbabyAaBanCtheD4Wecantsee_sunat_nightAthe；theBthe；Ca；D
19、；5Oneafternoonhefound_handbagTherewas_“s”onthecornerof_handbagAa；an；theBa；a；theCan；an；anDthe；a；6_GreatWallis_longestwallintheworldAA；aBThe；theCA；theDThe；a7Theypassedourschool_daybeforeyesterdayAanBoneCaDthe8Australiais_English-speakingcountryAaBanCtheD9Lookat_horseoverthereAaBanCtheD10Dontplay_baske
20、tballhereItsdangerousAaBanCDthe11Beijingis_beautifulcityIts_capitalofChinaAa；aBthe；theC；theDa；the12Billis_EnglishteacherHelikesplaying_footballAa；theBan；theCa；Dan；13ThemuseumisquitefarItwilltakeyouhalf_hourtogetthereby_busAan；Ban；aCa；D；1-5ACABA6-10BDBCC11-13DDA1.There is _ apple on the desk.A. a B .
21、the C. an D./2.The girl under _ tree is my sister.A. a B .the C .an D./3.Mary is from _ USA.A. a B. the C. an D./4.He met _ friend of his on the road.A. a B .the C .an D./5.Mr Black will go back to England_.A .by air B .by a plane C. by trains D. at a train6.Yesterday I went to work on foot.A. /， /
22、B ./， the C .the， / D. the， the7.There is “h” in the word “hour”， but“h”doesnt make a sound.A. a， a B. a， the C. the， ，an D .an. the8.Im going to see my mother. She is ill _.A. in hospital B. in the hospitalC. in a hospital D. at a hospital9. We have three meals day. We have breakfast at 6：30 in mor
23、ning every day.A. the， the， the B. the， /， theC. a， /， the D .a， the， the10.This is film Ive told you about several times.Its great. Ive never seen _ more moving one.A. a， a B. the， the C. the， a D. a， the11.Tina，could you please play piano for me while Im singing？With pleasure.A .a B. an C. the D.
24、/12.I want to try again. Please give me third chance again.A .a B. the C. an D. /13. Whats the matter with you？I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.A. a; / B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the14. sun is shining brightly.A. A B. An C. The D. /15. Swimming is in summer.A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun参考答案：1-5CBBAA 6-10ADACC 11-15CAACB 10 / 10
