1、下面用表格的形式给罗列出来，便于记忆英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以study为例)：一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在studystudiesam studyingis studyingare studyinghave studiedhas studiedhave been studyinghas been studying过去studiedwas studyingwere studyinghad studiedhad been studying将来shall studywill studyshall be studyingwill be studyingshall have studi
2、edwill have studiedshall have been studyingwill have been studying过去将来should studywould studyshould be studyingwould be studyingshould have studiedwould have studiedshould have been studyingwould have been studying时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种：一.一般现在时用法：A)表
3、示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。B)习惯用语。C)经常性、习惯性动作。D)客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。）How often does this shuttle bus run?（这班车多久一趟？）F)在
4、时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。二.一般过去时用法：A)表示过去某个时间发生的动作
5、或情况。B)表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去时。He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。）时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+
6、not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。三. 一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.、be to dobeabout to、一般现在时表将来、现在进行时表将来。否定形式：was/
7、were + not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。分别用法：A)基本结构是will / shall do。例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.B)有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于现在进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。例：My moth
8、er is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）C)表示“打算去，要”时，可用be going to do。例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。）D)表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。例：Dont worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.E) be to do表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。F
9、)同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.例：2005年6月大学四级第65题I was _ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A) inB) toC) atD) on答案是D)。on the point of doing是固定词组，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“当他的信到的时候我正要打
10、电话给他。”注意事项：在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词（immediately, the moment, directly）等引导的状语从句，一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时，可用完成时。例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。）四、现在进行时(be doing)概念：表示现阶段或说话时正
11、在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。五、过去进行时：用法：A)表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。）B)如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。例：I was washing my hair when yo
12、u knocked at the front door.（你敲前门时我正在洗头发。）时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。六、将来进行时(will be doing)用法：强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。例：Dont worry, you wont miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a whi
13、te skirt at that time.（别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。）句子结构:主语+will be+doing/主语+be going to+be+doing时间状语：soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening.Iwill be studyingEnglish when you arrive tonight.明晚你来的时候,我会正在学习英语.Im going to be studyingEnglish
14、 when you arrive tonight.七、现在完成时(have done)用法：A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。B)表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。注意事项现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the pa
15、st few years, etc.基本结构：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑问句：have或has。八.过去完成时(had done)概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.基本结构：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首九、将来完成时(will have done)用法：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态句子结构
16、:主语+will+have doneIwill have studiedevery tense by the time I finish this course.在我完成这个课程的时候,我已经能完成英语时态的学习了.句子结构:主语+be going to+have doneIm going to have studiedevery tense by the time I finish this course.时间状语：By the time of, by the end of+时间短语（将来）； by the time+从句（将来）十、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于
17、宾语从句中。时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。例I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。）十一、现在完成进行时(have
18、 been doing)用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。时间状语：or+时间段；since+时间点(过去某一时间开始表示并一直持续到现在的动作或状态可用）；by the time基本结构：主语+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。）注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。以
19、下六种时态考察较少十二、将来完成进行时：shall have been doing，will have been doing例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.（到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）（被动语态）十三、过去完成进行时：had been doing例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old
20、 son before I came back home.（我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。）（此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。）（被动语态）十四、过去将来进行时：should be doing , would be doing例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.（政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。）（此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间，所以最好用将来进行时。）（此句为被动语态）十五、过去将来完成
21、时：should have done , would have done例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.（我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。）（此句为被动语态）十六、过去将来完成进行时：should have been doing , would have been doing例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.（他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）
